Test 3 Flashcards
requirements for living organisms
acquire resources, eliminate waste, exchange metabolic gasses, homeostasis, control function, development, reproduce
What makes an animal an animal?
eukaryotic, multi-cellular, aerobic, heterotrophic. Usually mobile, complex, and engage in sexual reproduction. cells divide by cleavage and carbs stored as glycogen or fat.
When did multicellular organisms arise on earth?
about 700 mil years ago. Life has been on earth 3 1/2 billion years
multi-cellularity limitations
must form complex mechanisms for resource and waste exchange with their environment.
Why do animals urinate?
unlike plants, animals make copious metabolic waste and must eliminate it through different methods like urination.
What causes animals to have different sizes and shapes
environmental conditions. waste/resource exchange, physics for swimming, burrowing, or flight, competition, physical environment such as thin air or cold temperatures, etc.
interstitial fluid
water-based solution that surrounds organ systems and cells and provides place for transport.
organism hierarchical organization
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
structure=
function!
4 major tissue types
connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
epithelial tissue
covers body surfaces and lines internal organs. base of apical cells attached to basement membrane. can be squamous, cuboidal, or columnar.
Connective tissues
cells held in a fibrous or fluid extra-cellular matrix. Subtypes include: loose, adipose, fibrous, cartilage, bone, and blood
loose connective tissue (ct)
bind and shape
adipose ct
store fat
fibrous ct
strong connections
cartilage ct
cushions
bone
support system; movement
blood
connect tissues to resources
muscle tissue
composed of cells that can contract. 3 types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal tissue
enable movement, attached to bones by tendons. voluntary
cardiac tissue
forms the heart, involuntary
smooth/visceral
not striated, surrounds digestive tract and other organs, involuntary
nervous tissue
transmits messages throughout body with electrical impulses
organs
composed of two or more types of tissues organized into a functional unit.