Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Bio > TEST #3 > Flashcards

TEST #3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three functions of blood?

A

Transportation
Defense
Maintenance of Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the blood transporting?

A

Nutrients
Oxygen and CO2
Hormones
Wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.35 and 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of tissue is Blood?

A

Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is blood made of with percentages?

A

Plasma (55%)
Red Blood Cells (45%)
White Blood Cells and platelets (1%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Blood Plasma made of?

A 
90% Water
Plasma Proteins like:
-	Albumin
-	Fibrinogen
-	Globulins
Solutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of Red Blood Cells?

A

Oxygen and CO2 transport (tissues to lungs and lungs to tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long do Red Blood Cells live for?

A

4 Months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are two disorders caused by Red Blood Cells?

A

Anemia (Too little Red Blood Cells)

Polycythemia (Too Much Red Blood Cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of WBC?

A

Body Defense Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of Thrombocytes (Platelets)?

A

Repair damaged Blood Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Hemostasis?

A

Process by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel and prevents further bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three steps of Hemostasis?

A

Vascular Spasm
Platelet Plug Formation
Coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does Hemostasis Works?

A

Vascular Spasm: Muscle in the vessel wall contracts near the injury point to reduce blood loss
Platelet Plug Formation: Platelets are attracted by the exposed collagen fibers and begin sticking onto it
Coagulation: Fibrinogen converts into fibrin and makes a mesh clot, reparation starts after Coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three types of Blood Vessels?

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Arteries?

A

Blood Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are three characteristics of Arteries?

A

Thick Walls
Elastic Walls
Smaller Lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Atherosclerosis?

A

Accumulation of fat in arteries, can cause heart attacks if untreated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Veins?

A

Blood Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are two characteristics of Veins?

A

Thin Walls

Larger lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Capillaries?

A

Blood Vessels that supply Blood to the tissues

They link Arteries and Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are two characteristics of Capillaries?

A

Single cell thick

Leaky Walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the two receiving chambers of the Heart?

A

Left and Right Atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two pumping chambers of the heart?

A

Left and Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the Pulmonary Circuit?

A

Blood circuit from the heart to the lungs and vice-versa

Picks up O2 and release CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

Blood Circuit from the heart to the body and vice versa

Delivers Oxygenated blood and brings back deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of the different heart valves?

A

Prevent backflow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What’s a Heartbeat?

A

Heart sounds are caused by valves closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a Heart Murmur?

A

Valves not fulling closing, blood flowing back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the Cardiac Muscle made of?

A 
Contractile Cells (99%)
Conductin Cells (1%)
Intercalated Discs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the Contractile Cells function in the Cardiac Muscle?

A

Conduct Impulses and Contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the Conducting Cells function in the Cardiac Muscle?

A

Electrical conduction system

Initiate and Propagate the action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the Intercalated discs function in the Caridiac Muscle?

A

Hold Cells together

Synchronize the contraction of cardiac muscle cells

34
Q

What is the Cardiac Cycle?

A

Starts with contraction of atria, ends with ventricular relaxation

35
Q

What are the six steps of Cardiac Conduction?

A

1) Resting conduction system

2) Sa node initiates electrical impulse, spreads across Atria and they contract

36
Q

What is the function of the Electrocardiogram?

A

Trace the electric signals of the heart

37
Q

What are the three steps of the complete Cardiac Cycle?

A

Depolarization of Atria
QRS Complex
T Wave

38
Q

What happens in the P Wave step in the Cardiac Cycle?

A

Depolarization of Atria

39
Q

What happens in the QRS Complex step in the Cardiac Cycle?

A

Depolarization of Ventricles

Masks repolarization of Atria

40
Q

What happens in the T Wave step in the Cardiac Cycle?

A

Repolarization of ventricles

41
Q

What is the Blood Pressure?

A

Force applied by blood on vessels

42
Q

What is the Systolic Pressure?

A

Blood pressure measured during ventricular systole, Its higher than Diastolic Pressure and should be 120mm Hg

43
Q

What is the Diastolic Pressure?

A

Blood pressure measured during ventricular diastole, its lower than Systolic Pressure and should be 80 mm Hg

44
Q

What are three elements that influence Blood Pressure?

A

Cardiac Output
Blood Volume
Blood vessels diameter

45
Q

What is the Cardiac Output?

A

Blood flow through ventricles

The more Cardiac Output, the more Blood Pressure

46
Q

What influences the Cardiac Output?

A 
Heart size
Cardiac Muscle (Cardio)
47
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

Elevated Blood Pressure
Caused by Genetics, Smoking, Obesity, etc.
Causes Heart attacks, strokes, Aneurysm

48
Q

What is the Urinary System?

A

Organs responsible for Urine Production, Storage and Elimination

49
Q

What is Urine made of?

A

Water (95%)

Waste products from Blood

50
Q

What are the two function of the Urinary System?

A

Excrete Cellular Waster

Maintain Homeostasis

51
Q

What is the Urethra?

A

Transports urine outside of the body, short on women but long on men

52
Q

What is the function of the Bladder?

A

Collects and stores the Urine

53
Q

What are the Ureters?

A

The Exit route for urine from the Kidneys

54
Q

How many Nephrons are in a Kindey?

A

A Million

55
Q

Role of the Renal Corpuscle?

A

Pressure-Filters the blood

56
Q

Role of Proximal Tube?

A

Returns essential molecules to Blood

57
Q

Role of the Nephron loop?

A

Helps with urine concentration

Mantains water in Blood

58
Q

Role of the Distal Tubule?

A

Place where filtrate becomes urine

Last chance to remove something from urine

59
Q

Role of the Collecting duct?

A

Collects the urine from the Nephrons

60
Q

What are the four blood vessels of the Kidneys?

A

Renal Artery
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
Renal Vein

61
Q

What is the Role of Nephrons

A

Produce filtrate and change it into true urine

Balance blood plasma homeostasis and excrete toxins

62
Q

What are the three processes of Urine Formation?

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

63
Q

Where does the Filtration happen?

A

Glomerulus

64
Q

Where does most of the Reabsoption happen?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

65
Q

What are all the parts of the Reabsorption and Secretion of Urine?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle)
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Collecting Duct (CD)

66
Q

What is it called when you find glucose in the blood?

A

Glycosuria

67
Q

What does the descending loop of Henle does?

A

Osmosis takes out H20 and brings in Urea

68
Q

What does the ascneding loop of Henle does?

A

Takes out Sodium and Calcium with Pumps

69
Q

What is urinalysis influenced by?

A

Water Intake
Exercise
Environmental Temperature
Nutrients Intake

70
Q

What is Normal Urine volume?

A

1 to 2 liters per day

71
Q

What is it called when there is too much urine?

A

Polyuria, caused by Diabetes

72
Q

What is it called when there is too little urine?

A

Oliguria or Anuria, Enlarged prostate, Kidney failure

73
Q

What explains red blood?

A

Presence of RBC, caused by Kidney Damage or Kidney Stones

74
Q

What explains green blood?

A

Bacterial Toxins

75
Q

What explains cloudy urine?

A

Bacteria
Blood Cells
Proteins

76
Q

What is the normal pH of Blood?

A

4.5 to 7.5 (Average 6)

77
Q

What is the 4 roles for Kidneys?

A

Regulation of blood osmolarity
Regulation of pH
Regulation blood pressure
Regulation oxygen levels

78
Q

What steps do the body take when there is low blood pressure?

A 
Kidneys release enzyme Renin
Renin forms the hormone Angiotensin I that becomes Angiotensin II
Constriction of arteries
ADH Production
Aldosterone production
79
Q

What steps do the Body takes when there is low oxygen levels?

A

Kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO (Steroids)

It stimulates RBC production

80
Q

What is Hemodialysis

A

If Kidneys fail, you have to go three times a week to clean up the blood

Human Bio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions