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Human Bio > TEST #1 > Flashcards

TEST #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Study of body’s Structure

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2
Q

What is Histology?

A

Microscopic study of body’s Structures

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3
Q

What is Physiology?

A

Study of body’s structures functions

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4
Q

What is it called when the human body keeps their internal conditions steady?

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

What is Tissue?

A

Group of Cells

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6
Q

Functions of the Cell Membrane (5)

A
  • Holds Cytoplasm and Organelles inside
  • Allows interactions with the extracellular environment
  • Attaches cells together
  • Regulates some Biochemical reactions
  • Regulates the flow of material in and out of the cell
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7
Q

Difference between Passive and Active Transport?

A

Active requires energy, Passive does not

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8
Q

Three types of Passive Transport?

A
  • Simple Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitated Diffusion
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9
Q

Three types of Active Transport

A
  • Pumps
  • Endocytosis
  • Exocytosis
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10
Q

What does it mean to ¨Follow the concentration Gradient¨?

A

Go from a place of higher concentration to lower concentration

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11
Q

What molecules flow throught Simple Diffusion?

A

Small non Polar molecules

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12
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water accross cell membrane

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13
Q

What are the three possible tonicities of a Solution?

A
  • Hypotonic (less than)
  • Isotonic (equal to)
  • Hypertonic (More than)
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14
Q

What is Facilitated Distribution and what molecules can go through it

A

Facilitated diffusion is a Passive Transport for Medium to Large molecules, Polar Molecules following the Concentration Gradient with the help of Membrane Proteins.

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15
Q

What are the five different types of Channels in Facilitated Diffusion?

A
  • Ion Channels
  • Ligand Gated Channels
  • Mechanically Gated Channel
  • Voltage-Gated Channel
  • Leakage Channel (Opens at Random)
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16
Q

What is the description of Active Transport?

A

Requires energy (ATP) and goes against the concentration gradient

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17
Q

What are pumps?

A
  • Proteins that move and change shape
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18
Q

What is the 4 different types of Endocytosis and a quick description?

A
  • Endocytosis (Bringing matter inside the Cell)
  • Phagocytosis (Large Particles)
  • Pinocytosis (Fluids)
  • Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis (Receptors at the surface)
    CREATE VACUOLES AND VESICLES
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19
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

Export of cellular wastes or products out of the cell

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20
Q

What are the four different types of Tissue?

A
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Connective Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue
  • Muscle Tissue
21
Q

What is the description and characteristics of Epithelial Tissue?

A
  • Covers a surface, Something you dont want to leak
  • Highly Cellularà
  • Have a Polarity
  • Regenerate themselves thanks to the Basement Membrane
22
Q

Where can we find Epithelial Tissue?

A

Lungs, Intestines, Kidney, Skin, Bladder

23
Q

What are the functions of Epithelial Tissue?

A

Protect
Transport
Secretion (Glands)

24
Q

What is the basement Membrane?

A

Attachment for the Epithelial cells so they can link with the underlying tissue

25
Q

What do you call the two surfaces of Epithelial Tissue?

A

Apical and Basal Surface

26
Q

What are all the possible names for Epithelial Tissue?

A
  • Simple Squamous Epithelium
  • Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
  • Simple Columnar Epithelium
  • Stratisfied Squamous Epithelium
  • Stratisfied Cuboidal Epithelium
  • Stratisfied Columnar Epithelium
  • Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
27
Q

Description, Location and Function of Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

One layered flat surface
Air sacs of lungs, lininig of the heart, blood vessels
Allows material to pass throught by diffusion and filtration

28
Q

Description, Location and Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

One layered Cubic surface
In ducts a secretory portions of small glands
Secretes and absorbs

29
Q

Description, Location and Function of Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

MICROVILI AT THE TOP
Uterine tubes and uterus
Absorbs and secretes mucous

30
Q

Description, Location and Function of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Looks like multiple layers but only one
Trachea and respiratory tract
Secretes mucus

31
Q

Description, Location and Function of Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Skin, Dead cells at the top
Vagina
Protects

32
Q

Description, Location and Function of Transitional Epithelium

A

Multiple layers with different shapes
Bladder, Uretha and Ureters
Highly Strechable

33
Q

What are the four classes of Connective Tissue?

A
  • Connective Tissue Proper
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
34
Q

What are 4 characteristics of Connective Tissue?

A
  • Derived from the same embryonic tissue (Mesenchyme)
  • Few Cells
  • Lots of extracellular matrix
  • Rich in blood vessels or no vessels
35
Q

What are 4 functions of connective Tissue?

A
  • Connect and support other tissues
  • Protection
  • Insulation and energy storage
  • Transport
36
Q

What are the three Connective Tissue Fibers?

A
  • Collagen Fibers
  • Elastic Fibers
  • Reticular Fibers
37
Q

Describe Collagen Fibers?

A

Made of collagen (Protein)
Thick
Strongest

38
Q

Describe Elastic Fibers?

A

Made of Elastin
Branching, long and thin
Stretch and return to original shape

39
Q

Describe Reticular Fibers

A

Made of Collagen
Fine and Short
Forms Supporting networks (Spider Web)

40
Q

Describe Adipose Tissue?

A

Distributed throughout Body
Mostly Fat Storage Cells
Lots of Blood vessels

41
Q

Describe Cartilage?

A

Ear, Tip of Nose
Flexible and Resistant
No Blood Vessel

42
Q

Describe Hyaline Cartilage?

A

Short collahen fibers
Supports and cushions
Nose, end of long bones, Trachea

43
Q

Describe Elastic Cartialage?

A

External Ear

Supports while being flexible

44
Q

Characteristics of Bones

A

Rich in blood vessels
Collagen fibers + bones salt
Functions : support and protection

45
Q

Three functions of the Nervous System?

A

Sensation
Integration
Response

46
Q

Two Nervous System Division

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

47
Q

Characteristics of Neurons (2)

A

Cannot Divide

High Metabolism

48
Q

Name of Neurons places (7)

A 
Cell membrane
Dendrites
Cell Body
Axon
Node of Ranvier
Myelin Sheath
Synapse
49
Q

Explain the Nerve Impulse/Action Potential of Neuron step by Step

A 
1- Resting Membrane Potential (-70mV)
2- Membrane Potential reaches the Treshold (-55mV)
Na+ Channels open, Na+ Flows in
3- Depolarization (30 mV)
K+ Channels open, K+ flows out, Na+ Channels close
4. Repolarization
K+ Channels close but slowly
5. Hyperpolarization (-75mV)
6. Return to Rest

Human Bio (3 decks)

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