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Christian Theo > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Bible?

A

the written record of god’s action in history, as fully manifest in christ

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2
Q

what is the ultimate living word?

A

christ

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3
Q

Word of God

A

historical self-manifestation of God

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4
Q

2 components of Written Word

A
  1. Witness to self-manifestation of God.

2. Interpretation of Self-manifestation of God.

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5
Q

How general revelation and special revelation relate to the bible

A

general revelation would be enough, but humanity’s vision has been distorted by sin (calvin). so general revelation is now a PREPARATORY thing… Special revelation was necessary, and scripture documents special revelation. Therefore, scripture further clarifies general revelation completing our perception.

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6
Q

Word of God in Human Words

A

when God reveals himself, it is so experienced that it causes the recipient to formulate its content in words and phrases. the experience is limited by human words and by the writer.

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7
Q

IMAGO VERBI

A

“Image of the word.” sscripture is an image of the word (jesus).

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8
Q

Bibliolatry

A

Bible idolatry. it is the worshipping of the book. Bible is a MEDIATED AUTHORITY.

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9
Q

Progressive Revelation (calvin)

A

recognition that in scripture, many preparations came before the people were ready for Jesus. there was a gradual revelation.

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10
Q

Inspiration

A

something God does for those who have received the REVELATION to write and share ACCURATELY with others. Relaying of truth from the first person.

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11
Q

Theopneustos (2 Tim 3:16)

A

only occurs once in the bible. “All Scripture is INSPIRED by God”. literally, “GOD BREATHED”. .. related to the spirit of god outbreathing upon the writers–enabling them.

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12
Q

Mode of inspiration

A

uncertain as to how, “They were moved by HS…”
But we know that the personality of the writer was never set aside. the writing was never mechanical. Human research was done.

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13
Q

Plenary Inspiration

A

“fully inspired” view.. that all scripture is fully divinely inspired but all books have a different PURPOSE.

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14
Q

Inspiration is not necessarily equal to _______ or ________.

A

right or true

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15
Q

Books of hte bible differ in their ________ and __________.

A

application and purpose.

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16
Q

Scripture is both _____ and ______.

A

human and divine. it is a BLENDING of these elements

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17
Q

if D<H, scripture =

A

great world literature

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18
Q

if D>H, scripture =

A

mechanical dictation of god

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19
Q

H–><—D . dynamic interaction

A

Dynamic theory of inspiration

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20
Q

dynamic theory of inspiration holds that

A

inspiration is the quickening and stimulating of the natural powers of the HS to enable the writer. this rules out deification.

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21
Q

authority of Scripture is found in its _______ rather than its mode or manner of writing.

A

CONTENT

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22
Q

“authority of scripture is shorthand for god’s authority mediated through scripture.”

A

NT Wright

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23
Q

Bible gives church ____________ witness to church (3 things)

A

Essential— necessary
Sole– only source
sufficient— enough for its purpose to lead people into a relationship with god.

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24
Q

Historical positions on Authority of scripture (4)

A

+early church- scripture is authoritative as interpreted by the church
+RC trad - living, ongiong tradition is supplemented by tradition of hte church as an additional authority (DUAL authority)
+PRotestantism - luther strips away catholic idea and gets back to authority of scriipture
+Anglican - england saw scripture as authoritative as inteprpreted by R and T. (and later wesley adds E)

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25
Q

Inerrancy of scripture

A

every word of scripture is without error. it consists of scientific data.

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26
Q

Absolute innerancy view

A

the original manuscripts are without error, but this view allows some room for copying errors.

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27
Q

Limited Inerrancy view

A

scripture is entirely trustworthy for the purposes of which god inspired it. this allows for imprecision in text but not enough to undermine trustworthiness of its message

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28
Q

Infallibility

A

related to trustworthiness of scripture in relation to its purpose

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29
Q

“When Bible speaks within its intended purview, it does so with infallible authority” – ___________ view

A

infallibilitist view

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30
Q

“To instruct you for salvation through the salvation through savior jesus christ” (purpose of scripture)

A

Timothy 3:15… this is the purpose of scripture

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31
Q

All scripture is inspired by God

A

Timothy 3:16…. the doctrine of inerrancy draws from this verse.

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32
Q

Hermeneutics

A

Biblical interpretation.

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33
Q

Sola Scriptura

A

Scripture alone is authoritative for Christian Life. reformation and gutenburg back the importance of scripture and availability.

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34
Q

Reformers emphasize the ________ meaning of the bible text

A

NATURAL

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35
Q

Exegesis

A

meaning is derived out of the text and context

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36
Q

Isogesis

A

you bring your preconceived baggage into the text through outside meaning and agendas

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37
Q

Exegesis emphasizes CIE

A

Context is everything

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38
Q

Bullinger’s Five Rules ~ The Decades… these fall under the Natural view of scripture in reformation.

A

1 scripture should interpret scripture (analogy of faith)–you best understand the dark passage by looking at it in light of hte light scripture.
2 interpretation must pay attention to hte historical cultural and linguistic context of the author as well as the author’s intention.
3 interpretation should take into consideration the church’s understanding of scripture (tradition).
4 authentic interpretation should increase our LOVE for god and humanity (almost isogesical).
5 Scripture can only be rightly interpreted by those who love god and seek to do his will.

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39
Q

Canon of Scripture

A

a list of books that have been determined to meet a particular Standard: authoritative books inspired by god.

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40
Q

Canon, literally

A

“REED. ruler, measuring rod”

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41
Q

OT Canon’s origin

A

early church adopted OT canon from their parent Judaism. exact history is unclear.

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42
Q

3 categories of books in OT

A

Law - Torah (pentateuch-1st five)
Prophets - major; minor; plus historical writings.
writings - poetry; wisdom, all else.

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43
Q

Hierarchy of importance of OT books

A

Law; prophets; writings ; apocryphal books

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44
Q

Apocrypha

A

“hidden things.” non canonical books. they come between OT and NT. They are still viewed as edifying.

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45
Q

We did not have an agreed upon NT canon until…

A

end of 4th century

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46
Q

Reasons for a NT Canon

A

1 once hte apostles died, the apostolic witness nedded to be maintained.
2 Heresies needed to be ratted out.

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47
Q

The best people to make the standards for the NT Canon….

A

those in apostolic succession to the apostles.

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48
Q

NT Apocrypha

A

“hidden things.” noncanonical NT books. they have problems. perhaps outright FALSE. suspect origin. We just have fragments.

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49
Q

Earliest account of a NT Canon

A

Irenaeus of Lyons in 200 AD. a listing was comprised in his church from his book, “Against Heresies”… at the same time, the church of rome comprised a list.

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50
Q

Muratorian Canon

A

Roman church Canon. discovered by archaeologist muratori. From 200 AD.

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51
Q

First canon Identical to modern day

A

Athanasius of Alexandria in 367 AD.

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52
Q

In 382 AD, ____________ the bishop of Rome, called a worldwide council of bishops representing churches at large. They reach consensus on NT Canon.

A

Damasus-bishop of Rome

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53
Q

The church maintains that _____ helped to put together the NT Canon

A

Holy Spirit

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54
Q

Canonical Criteria for NT Canon (AALR)

A

1) Apostolicity (was it written by an apostle/one closely associated?)
2) Antiquity (is the document old enough to be apostolic?)
3) Liturgical Use (does document have a history of use in the context of worship?)
4) Rule of Faith (does it agree with the creedal statements based upon the oral apostolic tradition?)

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55
Q

Oral ____________ helped us to determine what books should be in the canon

A

apostolic tradition

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56
Q

Salvation is a DOUBLE CURE

A

from Guilt (forgiveness) and Power (we don’t have to keep sinning)

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57
Q

Dimensions of Grace

A

Double Cure
Guilt ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Power
Justification ; ; ; ; Sanctification
What god has done for us ; what god desires to do in us

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58
Q

2 dimensions of grace

A

unmerited favor of forgiveness

the power to live a life that is pleasing to him.

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59
Q

Augustinianism

A

Augustine’s doctrine of sovereign grace put forth in Confessions. He places the whole responsibility on God’s Sovereign Grace.

60
Q

Divine Sovereignty and Human Freedom (antinomy)

A

salvation is by grace but there is a human response.

61
Q

Augustine emphasizes divine sovereignty so much that human freedom….

A

becomes subordinate and under control

62
Q

Augustine’s teaching on divine sovereignty was never accepted in his own day, but…..

A

reformers revive it in the 16th century–especially John Calvin.

63
Q

Calvin’s roots are in ________

A

augustine. Calvin systemizes augustine’s points.

64
Q

Terms employed by Augustine’s concept of saving grace (PPIFR)

A

1) particular election
2) predestination
3) irresistible grace
4) final perseverance
5) reprobation (double predestination)

65
Q

Particular Election

A

We are all heading towards our condemnation, but God, in his unaccountable mercy, chooses to save some people from destruction. These saved people are “the elect.” It is not based on anything you understand. Others go onto justice demonstrating God’s hatred for sin. (Jacob=loved; Esau=hated)

66
Q

argument against particular election

A

the Bible says that God has mercy on all even though we can’t understand His choices.

67
Q

Predestination

A

Idea that your final realm is determined from all eternity. If God is omniscient, he knows where you will end up. Elect are called at an Eternal Decree of Election. This IS biblical. you become aware that you are a member of the elect. Augstine felt the choice was in God’s hands and the call was irresistible.

68
Q

Irresistible Grace

A

you do not have a choice. it is a matter of necessity that God has His way with you, because He is sovereign. Emphasis on what God has chosen for us. (Augustine had a long struggling fight).

69
Q

Final Perserverance

A

Once saved, you are always saved. If you know you are elect right now, you will be kept from falling–all based upon god’s grace. Those who do fall away were either never elect OR they will come back and repent.

70
Q

Reprobation

A

being damned; excluded; under curse of God. Calvin says if God chose some to be saved, he must have an eternal decree of reprobation — double predestination— God positively sentences the non-elec to Hell.

71
Q

Augustine’s view represents an _______ view of christianity. it never appealed to more than a minority view in the church.

A

incomplete

72
Q

Universal grace

A

the majority view in the church.. it maintains that the possibility of election is given to all.

73
Q

3 consequences of universal grace position

A
  1. self-limited sovereignty (irresistible grace; freewill)
  2. foreknowledge is not equal to Causality
  3. Humankind has response-ability (divinely enabled by prevenient grace. + responsibility)
74
Q

Arminianists

A

protestants who continued with universal grace concept during the reformation. non-calvanists.

75
Q

James Arminius (1560-1609)

A

dutch theologian. not comfortable with the “elect-view”. Questions teaching of Calvanists and offers his own different ideas.

76
Q

TULIP theology

A

talking about arminianism in contrast with calvanism

77
Q

Calvanism (5 pts of) (TULIP)

A

Total Depravity (all are affected by sin)
Unconditional Election (not based on anything we do. God’s choice).
Limited Atonement (Christ did not die for all. only the elect)
Irresistible Grace
Perserverance (Unconditional) (once saved always saved. no conditions)

78
Q

Arminianism 5 responses to Calvanism 5 pts

A

Total Depravity (agrees. just the solution is different)
Conditional Election (it is based on our choice and response)
Unlimited Atonement (being saved is available to all)
Resistible Grace
Perserverance (Conditional) (being saved on the final day is based on a continuation of walking by faith-in obedience to God).

79
Q

5 Points of Calvinism in Contrast with Arminianism

A

Total Depravity - Total Depravity
Unconditional Election - Conditional Election
Limited Atonement - Unlimited Atonement
Irresistible Grace - Resistible Grace
Perserverance (Unconditional) - Perserverance (Conditional)

80
Q

Predestination from Arminian Perspective (3 things)

A
  1. Jesus is the Elect one (to be the savior)
  2. God has also decreed that all who repent and believe in his son will be saved for eternity. All people can respond.
  3. God predestines all those whom he foreknows WILL believe
81
Q

Wesleyan-Arminianism

A

terms often put together. Shows a position of Wesley is tied to Arminianism.

82
Q

Synod of Dort

A

condemns Arminias views in Holland in 1610. However, his views took off in England

83
Q

Most impactful aspect of John Wesley’s ministry

A

his commitment to Universal Grace (Arminianism).

84
Q

Because of Wesley, American culture was _________.

A

Armenianized (armenianization)

85
Q

Progressive Grace

A

god’s grace at work in the process of salvation.

86
Q

grace of god requires SYNERGISTIC components

A

divine initiative and human response

87
Q

divine monergism

A

idea that only God is at work (divine initiative)

88
Q

ORDO SALUTIS definition

A

stages of grace (dynamic flow) in process of salvation. Each operation is enabled by grace through the Holy Spirit.

89
Q

John Wesley’s Ordo Salutis (ARFRbWEG)

A

1) Awakening
2) Repentance
3) Faith
4) Regeneration
4b) Becoming Child of God
5) Witness of the Spirit
6) Entire Sanctification
7) Glorification

90
Q

1) Awakening (from ordo salutis)

A

preparatory. HS brings awareness of sin and our need through prevenient grace. holy spirit can work through LAW, CONSCIENCE, PREACHING and WITNESSING to make aware the need for awakening).

91
Q

2) Repentance (from ordo salutis)

A

biblically, “METANOIA”-to change one’s mind. but also to FORESAKE SIN and live in obedience to God. a 180 degree turn away form sin.

92
Q

3) Faith (from ordo salutis)

A

Personal response of LOVING TRUST. a commitment and obedience in service of your belief. Faith does not happen apart from divine of initiative.

93
Q

result of faith (from ordo salutis)

A

Justification… acquital from guilt. “just” “if” “i” had never sinned… So we are made right with God through our faith in God. it is a way of talking about salvation in legal terms to show faith in Christ is the way to salvation.

94
Q

Dikaiosune

A

righteousness

95
Q

The place of works in the relationship between justification…

A

works are the fruit of faith and justification.

96
Q

Faith Righteousness (from ordo salutis)

A

works that flow from FAITH. Result of justification. Faith abounds in good works naturally. On basis of the HS’s inward dweling presence, we are able to do things God requires.

97
Q

4) Regeneration (from ordo salutis)

A

rebirth. new life by the spirit of God. This is the other side of the coin of justification. they happen simultaneously. Wesley calls regenration “INITIAL SANCTIFICATION”

98
Q

JUSTIFICATION vs sanctification

A
  • What god does FOR US (pardon)
  • Relative Change (of status/relation. declared righteous)
  • Imputed Righteousness (covers sin; averts god’s wrath)
  • Freedom from GUILT of Sin.
99
Q

justification vs SANCTIFICATION

A
  • What god does IN US.
  • Real Change (it works IN us-transforms us)
  • Imparted Righteousness (his righteousness infused in us transforms us)
  • Freedom from POWER of Sin
100
Q

4b) Becoming a Child of God (from ordo salutis)

A

Sonship. Spirit of the son dwelling in us through regeneration makes adoption possible. Thereby we become heirs and can relate to the father. we share in the privileges of being part of the spiritual family of god.

101
Q

“adoption”

A

refers to a confident standing before God as members of the spiritul family.

102
Q

Sanctification is the _______ aspect of conversion

A

relational (social)

103
Q

Justification is the _______ aspect of conversion

A

legal (guilt)

104
Q

5) Witness of the Spirit (from Ordo Salutis)

A

It is by the witness of the HS that we can be assured of our salvation.

105
Q

Roman Catholic view of Witness of the Spirit

A

one cannot be sure of salvation until death and no one should claim to be saved. We cannot know presently. Death removes the possibility of temptation.

106
Q

Calvinist view of Witness of the Spirit

A

You CAN know for sure that you are elect– presently saved. and since you are elect, you cannot lose it. Elect are unconditionally assured of both present and future salvation.

107
Q

Wesleyan view of Witness of the Spirit

A

You can have full assurance of present salvation, but it does not guarantee being saved on the last day because PERSERVERANCE IS CONDITIONAL. You can lose your salvation.

108
Q

Wesleyan’s 2 witnesses (of the spirit)

A 
Our Spirit (Indirect Witness - reflection that we are no longer the person we used to be)
Holy Spirit (Direct Witness - We have a new status with God through work of the HS)
109
Q

6) Entire Sanctification (from Ordo Salutis)

A

ongoing work of initial sanctification. It extends from Regeneration to Glorification.

110
Q

Sanctus

A

holy.

111
Q

Hagios

A

Sanctification/Holyness

112
Q

Hagios is found 280 times in NT with regard to…

A

ethical transformation/moral purity. source is God’s Holy Love.

113
Q

NT writers understood Sanctification to be the reason for…

A

Christ’s dying on the cross (so we might be holy)

114
Q

Sanctification Definition

A

Growth of hte christian in grace that starts at regeneration and is meant to progressively grow for he rest of his life.

115
Q

For Wesley, sanctification involves holiness of ________ and of _________.

A

Heart (loving god)

Life (love neighbor)

116
Q

Sanctification (and all of Xn life) is by ______ through ______.

A

by grace through faith. The fruit of the indwelling spirit.

117
Q

Roman Catholic view of Sanctification (from Ordo Salutis)

A

Holiness is a DOUBLE CHRISTIAN CALLING:
-All are called to faith.
-a few are called to the COUNSELS of PERFECTION (Holiness). Priests, nuns, anyone in religious order. those who take vows.
(There are 2 tiers. Some are called to a higher level of commitment. All Christians are to grow in holiness in their own special commitment)

118
Q

Three vows taken by Roman Catholics

A

Chastity - celibacy.
Poverty - you own nothing. share all
Obedience - to God and those over you (abbot)

119
Q

Problem with Roman Catholic view of Sanctification (regeneration from Ordo Salutis)

A
  • Holiness is not works based.
  • Since not all are called to the “spiritual eliteness,” people may feel that they have an inferior second rate relationship with god, or that they have no responsibility.
120
Q

Protestant Reformers’ view of Sanctification (from Ordo Salutis)

A
  • salvation and sanctification are not works based. It is faith-righteousness.
  • No such thing as PERFECTION due to depravity of humankind. even Xns have sinful nature.
  • emphasize IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS= changed standing before God.
  • SIMULJUSTUSETTPECCATOR
  • No hope of escaping sin before death.
  • Supress sin (jack in the box)
  • We are all sinners saved by grace
121
Q

SIMULJUSTUSETPECCATOR

A

nature of Christian life has a NEW STANDING, but the SINFUL NATURE still exists. Christian life is marked by this ongoing STRUGGLE

122
Q

Wesleyan view of Sanctification (from Ordo Salutis)

A
  • He was uncomfortable with “perfect,” but felt that it was biblical.
  • PERFECT in the context of LOVE. PERFECTION of RELATIONSHIP— not performance.
  • Imparted Righteousness= spirit of Christ infused in us. the Fruit of the spirit is love.
  • The result of sanctification is the renewal of the image of God. Christ-likeness, leading to rightly relatedness with God.
  • it is an expulsion power.
123
Q

Gordon Rupp characterized Wesley’s theology….

A

as marked by a PESSIMISM of NATURE (sinful nature. we can do nothing apart from Jesus) and an OPTIMISM of GRACE (What it is possible for God to do in life of a Christian)

124
Q

Wesley said we cannot have progress in holiness apart from CRISIS–

A

an instantaneous incursion of God’s grace. God can do a work of divine grace in a particular time in the gift of perfect love.

125
Q

Wesley’s understanding of Holiness (sanctification cont.)

A

It is relational–not legal.
It is a perfection of INENTIONALITY and LOVE– not performance.
-It is the presence of God given love
-It is an orientation to God.

126
Q

7) Glorification (From Ordo Salutis)

A

absolute perfection. involves FREEDOM FROM THE PRESENCE OF SIN.

127
Q

Eschatology (Eschatos)

A

Last things / final things

128
Q

christian faith is an ________ faith marked by _____.

A

expectant faith marked by hope

129
Q

Pagan CYCLICAL view of history

A

endless pattern of repetition. no purpose, no progress, no meaning. salvation was an escape from this viscous cycle into a static eternal world

130
Q

Jew & Christian LINEAR view of history

A

history has a beginning and an end. we are in the middle. there is progress, purpose, and meaning. Salvation is revealed IN TIME and involves a consummation of a new transformation of the created cosmos according to God’s purpose

131
Q

3 Dimensions of Christian hope

A

Personal- Individual
Corporate - community
Cosmic - universe

132
Q

Jurgen Multmann, “theology of hope”

A

“all of theology is eschatology. Its foundation is hope”

133
Q

Apocalyptic

A

revelation of things previously hidden. Also describes a LITERARY GENRE marked by the use of symbolism, metaphor, vivid imagery, to describe cosmic conflict. Dramatic intervention of God in the world

134
Q

Ethical Implications of Eschatology

A

They are both spiritually and ethically profound. It should be an incentive to be AT WORK in the world. “In light of these things, what would God have me do?”

135
Q

Parousia

A

coming / advent / presence

136
Q

Parousia is referred to over 300 times in NT. they focus on the _______ of his coming— not the MODE or the TIME

A

FACT

137
Q

5 PURPOSE OF PAROUSIA (FvCRFoE)

A

1) Final Vindication of Christ as Lord and King
2) Completion and Glorification of hte church
3) Righteous judgment of the living and hte dead
4) final overthrow of all powers of evil
5) Establishment of “new heavens and new earth”

138
Q

Millenium

A

eschatological sybol for a 1,000 year kingdom.

139
Q

Millennium views

A

Pre-millennialism- Parousia takes place before millennium.
Post-millenialism - Christ comes at end of 1,000 year reign.
Amillenialism - It is not a literal kingdom or literal period of time. It is a symbol of the cosmic redemption.
(Regardless of interpretation, Xnity is not world despairing)

140
Q

Eternal life

A

has both quantitative and qualitative meaning. “Life with fellowship with God.” so it begins now. Believers are already in possession of a foretaste.

141
Q

Judgment is both present and future

A

future judgment is just the culmination of present judgment. You reap what you sow. Some people have seared consciences. They can’t see the good to desire it.

142
Q

Gehenna

A

ultimate place of the lost. transliteration of HINNOM VALLEY where infant sacrifices took places. A place of ill-omen and defilement.

143
Q

3 Classical Objections to the Doctrine of Hell

A

1) How can heaven be a state of blessedness if the righteous know that some of their loved ones are suffering eternal loss?
2) Is not hell inconsistent with God’s sovereignity? If he allows evil to exist eternally, is not his universe forever marred?
3) What purpose does everlasting punishment serve? If there is no hope for punishment to prove remedial, of what value is it? (traditional, universalism, annihilationism)

144
Q

Universalism

A

God will eventually save everyone.

145
Q

Annihilationism

A

God will ultimately annihilate the finally impenitent

146
Q

Traditional Answer to everlasting punishment problem.

A

God’s punishment does not have to be remedial. it is retributive. This is more biblical.

Christian Theo (3 decks)

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