Test 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Bible?
A
the written record of god’s action in history, as fully manifest in christ
2
Q
what is the ultimate living word?
A
christ
3
Q
Word of God
A
historical self-manifestation of God
4
Q
2 components of Written Word
A
- Witness to self-manifestation of God.
2. Interpretation of Self-manifestation of God.
5
Q
How general revelation and special revelation relate to the bible
A
general revelation would be enough, but humanity’s vision has been distorted by sin (calvin). so general revelation is now a PREPARATORY thing… Special revelation was necessary, and scripture documents special revelation. Therefore, scripture further clarifies general revelation completing our perception.
6
Q
Word of God in Human Words
A
when God reveals himself, it is so experienced that it causes the recipient to formulate its content in words and phrases. the experience is limited by human words and by the writer.
7
Q
IMAGO VERBI
A
“Image of the word.” sscripture is an image of the word (jesus).
8
Q
Bibliolatry
A
Bible idolatry. it is the worshipping of the book. Bible is a MEDIATED AUTHORITY.
9
Q
Progressive Revelation (calvin)
A
recognition that in scripture, many preparations came before the people were ready for Jesus. there was a gradual revelation.
10
Q
Inspiration
A
something God does for those who have received the REVELATION to write and share ACCURATELY with others. Relaying of truth from the first person.
11
Q
Theopneustos (2 Tim 3:16)
A
only occurs once in the bible. “All Scripture is INSPIRED by God”. literally, “GOD BREATHED”. .. related to the spirit of god outbreathing upon the writers–enabling them.
12
Q
Mode of inspiration
A
uncertain as to how, “They were moved by HS…”
But we know that the personality of the writer was never set aside. the writing was never mechanical. Human research was done.
13
Q
Plenary Inspiration
A
“fully inspired” view.. that all scripture is fully divinely inspired but all books have a different PURPOSE.
14
Q
Inspiration is not necessarily equal to _______ or ________.
A
right or true
15
Q
Books of hte bible differ in their ________ and __________.
A
application and purpose.
16
Q
Scripture is both _____ and ______.
A
human and divine. it is a BLENDING of these elements
17
Q
if D<H, scripture =
A
great world literature
18
Q
if D>H, scripture =
A
mechanical dictation of god
19
Q
H–><—D . dynamic interaction
A
Dynamic theory of inspiration
20
Q
dynamic theory of inspiration holds that
A
inspiration is the quickening and stimulating of the natural powers of the HS to enable the writer. this rules out deification.
21
Q
authority of Scripture is found in its _______ rather than its mode or manner of writing.
A
CONTENT
22
Q
“authority of scripture is shorthand for god’s authority mediated through scripture.”
A
NT Wright
23
Q
Bible gives church ____________ witness to church (3 things)
A
Essential— necessary
Sole– only source
sufficient— enough for its purpose to lead people into a relationship with god.
24
Q
Historical positions on Authority of scripture (4)
A
+early church- scripture is authoritative as interpreted by the church
+RC trad - living, ongiong tradition is supplemented by tradition of hte church as an additional authority (DUAL authority)
+PRotestantism - luther strips away catholic idea and gets back to authority of scriipture
+Anglican - england saw scripture as authoritative as inteprpreted by R and T. (and later wesley adds E)
25
Inerrancy of scripture
every word of scripture is without error. it consists of scientific data.
26
Absolute innerancy view
the original manuscripts are without error, but this view allows some room for copying errors.
27
Limited Inerrancy view
scripture is entirely trustworthy for the purposes of which god inspired it. this allows for imprecision in text but not enough to undermine trustworthiness of its message
28
Infallibility
related to trustworthiness of scripture in relation to its purpose
29
"When Bible speaks within its intended purview, it does so with infallible authority" -- ___________ view
infallibilitist view
30
"To instruct you for salvation through the salvation through savior jesus christ" (purpose of scripture)
Timothy 3:15... this is the purpose of scripture
31
All scripture is inspired by God
Timothy 3:16.... the doctrine of inerrancy draws from this verse.
32
Hermeneutics
Biblical interpretation.
33
Sola Scriptura
Scripture alone is authoritative for Christian Life. reformation and gutenburg back the importance of scripture and availability.
34
Reformers emphasize the ________ meaning of the bible text
NATURAL
35
Exegesis
meaning is derived out of the text and context
36
Isogesis
you bring your preconceived baggage into the text through outside meaning and agendas
37
Exegesis emphasizes CIE
Context is everything
38
Bullinger's Five Rules ~ The Decades... these fall under the Natural view of scripture in reformation.
1 scripture should interpret scripture (analogy of faith)--you best understand the dark passage by looking at it in light of hte light scripture.
2 interpretation must pay attention to hte historical cultural and linguistic context of the author as well as the author's intention.
3 interpretation should take into consideration the church's understanding of scripture (tradition).
4 authentic interpretation should increase our LOVE for god and humanity (almost isogesical).
5 Scripture can only be rightly interpreted by those who love god and seek to do his will.
39
Canon of Scripture
a list of books that have been determined to meet a particular Standard: authoritative books inspired by god.
40
Canon, literally
"REED. ruler, measuring rod"
41
OT Canon's origin
early church adopted OT canon from their parent Judaism. exact history is unclear.
42
3 categories of books in OT
Law - Torah (pentateuch-1st five)
Prophets - major; minor; plus historical writings.
writings - poetry; wisdom, all else.
43
Hierarchy of importance of OT books
Law; prophets; writings ; apocryphal books
44
Apocrypha
"hidden things." non canonical books. they come between OT and NT. They are still viewed as edifying.
45
We did not have an agreed upon NT canon until...
end of 4th century
46
Reasons for a NT Canon
1 once hte apostles died, the apostolic witness nedded to be maintained.
2 Heresies needed to be ratted out.
47
The best people to make the standards for the NT Canon....
those in apostolic succession to the apostles.
48
NT Apocrypha
"hidden things." noncanonical NT books. they have problems. perhaps outright FALSE. suspect origin. We just have fragments.
49
Earliest account of a NT Canon
Irenaeus of Lyons in 200 AD. a listing was comprised in his church from his book, "Against Heresies"... at the same time, the church of rome comprised a list.
50
Muratorian Canon
Roman church Canon. discovered by archaeologist muratori. From 200 AD.
51
First canon Identical to modern day
Athanasius of Alexandria in 367 AD.
52
In 382 AD, ____________ the bishop of Rome, called a worldwide council of bishops representing churches at large. They reach consensus on NT Canon.
Damasus-bishop of Rome
53
The church maintains that _____ helped to put together the NT Canon
Holy Spirit
54
Canonical Criteria for NT Canon (AALR)
1) Apostolicity (was it written by an apostle/one closely associated?)
2) Antiquity (is the document old enough to be apostolic?)
3) Liturgical Use (does document have a history of use in the context of worship?)
4) Rule of Faith (does it agree with the creedal statements based upon the oral apostolic tradition?)
55
Oral ____________ helped us to determine what books should be in the canon
apostolic tradition
56
Salvation is a DOUBLE CURE
from Guilt (forgiveness) and Power (we don't have to keep sinning)
57
Dimensions of Grace
Double Cure
Guilt ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Power
Justification ; ; ; ; Sanctification
What god has done for us ; what god desires to do in us
58
2 dimensions of grace
unmerited favor of forgiveness
| the power to live a life that is pleasing to him.
59
Augustinianism
Augustine's doctrine of sovereign grace put forth in Confessions. He places the whole responsibility on God's Sovereign Grace.
60
Divine Sovereignty and Human Freedom (antinomy)
salvation is by grace but there is a human response.
61
Augustine emphasizes divine sovereignty so much that human freedom....
becomes subordinate and under control
62
Augustine's teaching on divine sovereignty was never accepted in his own day, but.....
reformers revive it in the 16th century--especially John Calvin.
63
Calvin's roots are in ________
augustine. Calvin systemizes augustine's points.
64
Terms employed by Augustine's concept of saving grace (PPIFR)
1) particular election
2) predestination
3) irresistible grace
4) final perseverance
5) reprobation (double predestination)
65
Particular Election
We are all heading towards our condemnation, but God, in his unaccountable mercy, chooses to save some people from destruction. These saved people are "the elect." It is not based on anything you understand. Others go onto justice demonstrating God's hatred for sin. (Jacob=loved; Esau=hated)
66
argument against particular election
the Bible says that God has mercy on all even though we can't understand His choices.
67
Predestination
Idea that your final realm is determined from all eternity. If God is omniscient, he knows where you will end up. Elect are called at an Eternal Decree of Election. This IS biblical. you become aware that you are a member of the elect. Augstine felt the choice was in God's hands and the call was irresistible.
68
Irresistible Grace
you do not have a choice. it is a matter of necessity that God has His way with you, because He is sovereign. Emphasis on what God has chosen for us. (Augustine had a long struggling fight).
69
Final Perserverance
Once saved, you are always saved. If you know you are elect right now, you will be kept from falling--all based upon god's grace. Those who do fall away were either never elect OR they will come back and repent.
70
Reprobation
being damned; excluded; under curse of God. Calvin says if God chose some to be saved, he must have an eternal decree of reprobation --- double predestination--- God positively sentences the non-elec to Hell.
71
Augustine's view represents an _______ view of christianity. it never appealed to more than a minority view in the church.
incomplete
72
Universal grace
the majority view in the church.. it maintains that the possibility of election is given to all.
73
3 consequences of universal grace position
1. self-limited sovereignty (irresistible grace; freewill)
2. foreknowledge is not equal to Causality
3. Humankind has response-ability (divinely enabled by prevenient grace. + responsibility)
74
Arminianists
protestants who continued with universal grace concept during the reformation. non-calvanists.
75
James Arminius (1560-1609)
dutch theologian. not comfortable with the "elect-view". Questions teaching of Calvanists and offers his own different ideas.
76
TULIP theology
talking about arminianism in contrast with calvanism
77
Calvanism (5 pts of) (TULIP)
Total Depravity (all are affected by sin)
Unconditional Election (not based on anything we do. God's choice).
Limited Atonement (Christ did not die for all. only the elect)
Irresistible Grace
Perserverance (Unconditional) (once saved always saved. no conditions)
78
Arminianism 5 responses to Calvanism 5 pts
Total Depravity (agrees. just the solution is different)
Conditional Election (it is based on our choice and response)
Unlimited Atonement (being saved is available to all)
Resistible Grace
Perserverance (Conditional) (being saved on the final day is based on a continuation of walking by faith-in obedience to God).
79
5 Points of Calvinism in Contrast with Arminianism
Total Depravity - Total Depravity
Unconditional Election - Conditional Election
Limited Atonement - Unlimited Atonement
Irresistible Grace - Resistible Grace
Perserverance (Unconditional) - Perserverance (Conditional)
80
Predestination from Arminian Perspective (3 things)
1. Jesus is the Elect one (to be the savior)
2. God has also decreed that all who repent and believe in his son will be saved for eternity. All people can respond.
3. God predestines all those whom he foreknows WILL believe
81
Wesleyan-Arminianism
terms often put together. Shows a position of Wesley is tied to Arminianism.
82
Synod of Dort
condemns Arminias views in Holland in 1610. However, his views took off in England
83
Most impactful aspect of John Wesley's ministry
his commitment to Universal Grace (Arminianism).
84
Because of Wesley, American culture was _________.
Armenianized (armenianization)
85
Progressive Grace
god's grace at work in the process of salvation.
86
grace of god requires SYNERGISTIC components
divine initiative and human response
87
divine monergism
idea that only God is at work (divine initiative)
88
ORDO SALUTIS definition
stages of grace (dynamic flow) in process of salvation. Each operation is enabled by grace through the Holy Spirit.
89
John Wesley's Ordo Salutis (ARFRbWEG)
1) Awakening
2) Repentance
3) Faith
4) Regeneration
4b) Becoming Child of God
5) Witness of the Spirit
6) Entire Sanctification
7) Glorification
90
1) Awakening (from ordo salutis)
preparatory. HS brings awareness of sin and our need through prevenient grace. holy spirit can work through LAW, CONSCIENCE, PREACHING and WITNESSING to make aware the need for awakening).
91
2) Repentance (from ordo salutis)
biblically, "METANOIA"-to change one's mind. but also to FORESAKE SIN and live in obedience to God. a 180 degree turn away form sin.
92
3) Faith (from ordo salutis)
Personal response of LOVING TRUST. a commitment and obedience in service of your belief. Faith does not happen apart from divine of initiative.
93
result of faith (from ordo salutis)
Justification... acquital from guilt. "just" "if" "i" had never sinned... So we are made right with God through our faith in God. it is a way of talking about salvation in legal terms to show faith in Christ is the way to salvation.
94
Dikaiosune
righteousness
95
The place of works in the relationship between justification...
works are the fruit of faith and justification.
96
Faith Righteousness (from ordo salutis)
works that flow from FAITH. Result of justification. Faith abounds in good works naturally. On basis of the HS's inward dweling presence, we are able to do things God requires.
97
4) Regeneration (from ordo salutis)
rebirth. new life by the spirit of God. This is the other side of the coin of justification. they happen simultaneously. Wesley calls regenration "INITIAL SANCTIFICATION"
98
JUSTIFICATION vs sanctification
- What god does FOR US (pardon)
- Relative Change (of status/relation. declared righteous)
- Imputed Righteousness (covers sin; averts god's wrath)
- Freedom from GUILT of Sin.
99
justification vs SANCTIFICATION
- What god does IN US.
- Real Change (it works IN us-transforms us)
- Imparted Righteousness (his righteousness infused in us transforms us)
- Freedom from POWER of Sin
100
4b) Becoming a Child of God (from ordo salutis)
Sonship. Spirit of the son dwelling in us through regeneration makes adoption possible. Thereby we become heirs and can relate to the father. we share in the privileges of being part of the spiritual family of god.
101
"adoption"
refers to a confident standing before God as members of the spiritul family.
102
Sanctification is the _______ aspect of conversion
relational (social)
103
Justification is the _______ aspect of conversion
legal (guilt)
104
5) Witness of the Spirit (from Ordo Salutis)
It is by the witness of the HS that we can be assured of our salvation.
105
Roman Catholic view of Witness of the Spirit
one cannot be sure of salvation until death and no one should claim to be saved. We cannot know presently. Death removes the possibility of temptation.
106
Calvinist view of Witness of the Spirit
You CAN know for sure that you are elect-- presently saved. and since you are elect, you cannot lose it. Elect are unconditionally assured of both present and future salvation.
107
Wesleyan view of Witness of the Spirit
You can have full assurance of present salvation, but it does not guarantee being saved on the last day because PERSERVERANCE IS CONDITIONAL. You can lose your salvation.
108
Wesleyan's 2 witnesses (of the spirit)
```
Our Spirit (Indirect Witness - reflection that we are no longer the person we used to be)
Holy Spirit (Direct Witness - We have a new status with God through work of the HS)
```
109
6) Entire Sanctification (from Ordo Salutis)
ongoing work of initial sanctification. It extends from Regeneration to Glorification.
110
Sanctus
holy.
111
Hagios
Sanctification/Holyness
112
Hagios is found 280 times in NT with regard to...
ethical transformation/moral purity. source is God's Holy Love.
113
NT writers understood Sanctification to be the reason for...
Christ's dying on the cross (so we might be holy)
114
Sanctification Definition
Growth of hte christian in grace that starts at regeneration and is meant to progressively grow for he rest of his life.
115
For Wesley, sanctification involves holiness of ________ and of _________.
Heart (loving god)
| Life (love neighbor)
116
Sanctification (and all of Xn life) is by ______ through ______.
by grace through faith. The fruit of the indwelling spirit.
117
Roman Catholic view of Sanctification (from Ordo Salutis)
Holiness is a DOUBLE CHRISTIAN CALLING:
-All are called to faith.
-a few are called to the COUNSELS of PERFECTION (Holiness). Priests, nuns, anyone in religious order. those who take vows.
(There are 2 tiers. Some are called to a higher level of commitment. All Christians are to grow in holiness in their own special commitment)
118
Three vows taken by Roman Catholics
Chastity - celibacy.
Poverty - you own nothing. share all
Obedience - to God and those over you (abbot)
119
Problem with Roman Catholic view of Sanctification (regeneration from Ordo Salutis)
- Holiness is not works based.
- Since not all are called to the "spiritual eliteness," people may feel that they have an inferior second rate relationship with god, or that they have no responsibility.
120
Protestant Reformers' view of Sanctification (from Ordo Salutis)
- salvation and sanctification are not works based. It is faith-righteousness.
- No such thing as PERFECTION due to depravity of humankind. even Xns have sinful nature.
- emphasize IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS= changed standing before God.
- SIMULJUSTUSETTPECCATOR
- No hope of escaping sin before death.
- Supress sin (jack in the box)
- We are all sinners saved by grace
121
SIMULJUSTUSETPECCATOR
nature of Christian life has a NEW STANDING, but the SINFUL NATURE still exists. Christian life is marked by this ongoing STRUGGLE
122
Wesleyan view of Sanctification (from Ordo Salutis)
- He was uncomfortable with "perfect," but felt that it was biblical.
- PERFECT in the context of LOVE. PERFECTION of RELATIONSHIP--- not performance.
- Imparted Righteousness= spirit of Christ infused in us. the Fruit of the spirit is love.
- The result of sanctification is the renewal of the image of God. Christ-likeness, leading to rightly relatedness with God.
- it is an expulsion power.
123
Gordon Rupp characterized Wesley's theology....
as marked by a PESSIMISM of NATURE (sinful nature. we can do nothing apart from Jesus) and an OPTIMISM of GRACE (What it is possible for God to do in life of a Christian)
124
Wesley said we cannot have progress in holiness apart from CRISIS--
an instantaneous incursion of God's grace. God can do a work of divine grace in a particular time in the gift of perfect love.
125
Wesley's understanding of Holiness (sanctification cont.)
It is relational--not legal.
It is a perfection of INENTIONALITY and LOVE-- not performance.
-It is the presence of God given love
-It is an orientation to God.
126
7) Glorification (From Ordo Salutis)
absolute perfection. involves FREEDOM FROM THE PRESENCE OF SIN.
127
Eschatology (Eschatos)
Last things / final things
128
christian faith is an ________ faith marked by _____.
expectant faith marked by hope
129
Pagan CYCLICAL view of history
endless pattern of repetition. no purpose, no progress, no meaning. salvation was an escape from this viscous cycle into a static eternal world
130
Jew & Christian LINEAR view of history
history has a beginning and an end. we are in the middle. there is progress, purpose, and meaning. Salvation is revealed IN TIME and involves a consummation of a new transformation of the created cosmos according to God's purpose
131
3 Dimensions of Christian hope
Personal- Individual
Corporate - community
Cosmic - universe
132
Jurgen Multmann, "theology of hope"
"all of theology is eschatology. Its foundation is hope"
133
Apocalyptic
revelation of things previously hidden. Also describes a LITERARY GENRE marked by the use of symbolism, metaphor, vivid imagery, to describe cosmic conflict. Dramatic intervention of God in the world
134
Ethical Implications of Eschatology
They are both spiritually and ethically profound. It should be an incentive to be AT WORK in the world. "In light of these things, what would God have me do?"
135
Parousia
coming / advent / presence
136
Parousia is referred to over 300 times in NT. they focus on the _______ of his coming--- not the MODE or the TIME
FACT
137
5 PURPOSE OF PAROUSIA (FvCRFoE)
1) Final Vindication of Christ as Lord and King
2) Completion and Glorification of hte church
3) Righteous judgment of the living and hte dead
4) final overthrow of all powers of evil
5) Establishment of "new heavens and new earth"
138
Millenium
eschatological sybol for a 1,000 year kingdom.
139
Millennium views
Pre-millennialism- Parousia takes place before millennium.
Post-millenialism - Christ comes at end of 1,000 year reign.
Amillenialism - It is not a literal kingdom or literal period of time. It is a symbol of the cosmic redemption.
(Regardless of interpretation, Xnity is not world despairing)
140
Eternal life
has both quantitative and qualitative meaning. "Life with fellowship with God." so it begins now. Believers are already in possession of a foretaste.
141
Judgment is both present and future
future judgment is just the culmination of present judgment. You reap what you sow. Some people have seared consciences. They can't see the good to desire it.
142
Gehenna
ultimate place of the lost. transliteration of HINNOM VALLEY where infant sacrifices took places. A place of ill-omen and defilement.
143
3 Classical Objections to the Doctrine of Hell
1) How can heaven be a state of blessedness if the righteous know that some of their loved ones are suffering eternal loss?
2) Is not hell inconsistent with God's sovereignity? If he allows evil to exist eternally, is not his universe forever marred?
3) What purpose does everlasting punishment serve? If there is no hope for punishment to prove remedial, of what value is it? (traditional, universalism, annihilationism)
144
Universalism
God will eventually save everyone.
145
Annihilationism
God will ultimately annihilate the finally impenitent
146
Traditional Answer to everlasting punishment problem.
God's punishment does not have to be remedial. it is retributive. This is more biblical.
