Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Theological Significance of the Resurrection
A
- Acceptability of Christ’s Sacrifice (to God)
- Holistic Salvation (saving action covers everything–even the body)
- Pledge of Eternal life (Christ’s ressurection serves as this pledge). SOURCE of our resurrection
2
Q
Christ reveals himself after resurrected to those who _______
A
had freely believed
3
Q
Major evidence for resurrection
A
eyewitness accounts of Jesus. they were willing to die against their testimony.
4
Q
Heretical Theories attempting to disprove Resurrection
A
1 swoon theory
2 deception
3 hallucination
4 non-corporeal
5
Q
swoon theory
A
Jesus just passed out on the cross. he revives in the coolness of the tomb. (He could not move stone alone after the great torture and trauma. their were guards at the tomb. this theory would make jesus a liar, which is contrary to his accepted righteousness).
6
Q
deception theory
A
disciples lied to everyone saying JEsus is alive after they stole the body (Difficult to maintain a lie amongst 500 people. They were all willing to die…)
7
Q
hallucination theory
A
they did not intend to misrepresent things, but they really just saw a hallucination (500 of them? hallucinations require expectation, and disciples were presdisposed in the opposite direction. Why is the tomb empty?)
8
Q
non-corporeal theory
A
non-physical resurrection. The disciples encounter the spirit/ghost of jesus (we have an account of Jesus eating with the disciples. There is enough physicality to deny this theory. Also, the tomb was empty).
9
Q
ascension
A
to go up. He went up to be with the father. the ascension is a parable acted out. the incarnate life of jesus has been absorbed into the father.
10
Q
Advocacy
A
to represent others. Jesus is our advocate to God. He is one of us (has been where we are).
11
Q
Ruach / Pneuma
A
Breath; spirit; wind
12
Q
Analogy from trinity
A
Lover(father)—-love(holy spirit)—–loved one(son)
13
Q
3 expectations regarding messiah and holy spirit
A
- the messiah will be annointed by the holy spirit to bring about the kingdom.
- there will be an outpouring of the spirit with the coming of the kingdom.
- there will be a moral transformation of what god expects from us. it will be written on our hearts.
14
Q
Feast of Weeks; Feast of First Fruits have to do with ______
A
harvest… thanksgiving. these are combined in the new testament
15
Q
Pentecost
A
pente (50) days after the Jewish feast of passover. commemorates HARVEST and the giving of the LAW TO MOSES.
16
Q
For the jews, the law represents _______
A
covanent relationship with God
17
Q
3 signs that occur in acts 2 (Holy Spirit) during Disciples 10 day wait
A
- Audible signal (pneuma) sound like rush of violent wind from heaven.
- Tongues of fire resting on each. fire is a symbol for purification and holy spirit.
- speaking in other languages–equips them to communicate to people of the WHOLE world.
18
Q
holy spirit
A
the third person of the trinity. The personal agent by whom God the Father and God the son more expressly and effectually operate in the world—particularly in Christian salvation.
19
Q
Pentecost is one of three _______ feasts
A
pilgrim
20
Q
___% of acts is sermon
A
20
21
Q
Kerygma
A
Apostolic proclamation (preaching).
22
Q
3 cores of Kerygma (Sermon’s in Acts)
A
- OT Prophecies fulfilled (they have been)
- Jesus = Messiah (kingdom has come. jesus has proven to be messiah)
- (therefore) REPENT, be baptized, and receive the holy spirit (in light of who Jesus is. put faith in him).
23
Q
Why Pentecost happens when it does
A
there is a new covanent with Jesus. The Harvest is the first fruits of jesus–3,000 people came into hte faith. Peter has the Holy spirit.
24
Q
Theological significance of pentecost
A
essential. purpose is to make christ present universally through the power of the holy spirit.
25
apart from the holy spirit, we are not able to live lives that are __________ to God
pleasing
26
Holy spirit and jesus have a ________ relationship
inseperable
27
farewell discourse
john 14-16. jesus is alone with the disciples before he departs
28
5 things from farewell discourse jesus speaks of (about holy spirit)
1. the spirit's coming is dependent on jesus's going. Jesus will send the spirit.
2. spirit's name , PARACLETE implies the continuation of christ's work.
3. reception of the HS is dependent on a prior knowledge of Jesus
4. Jesus identifies the spirit's coming with his own personal abiding presence (we).
5. the HS's work is decisively christ centered ( a reminder, not a new revelation)
29
Paraclete (Paracletos gk.)
used in NT applied to HS or Jesus. generally, a person called to one's aid.
30
Paraclete applied to Jesus
advocate
31
paraclete applied to holy spirit
comforter (KJV) "with strength" someone who comes to strengthen.... modern version= helper.
32
Holy spirit, spirit of jesus, spirit of the lord are
indistinguishable / interchangeable
33
HS _________ from the father through the son
proceeds
34
we cannot understand the work of the hs apart from ______
christ
35
holiness = _____________
christ-likeness (fruits of the spirit)
36
Divine personhood
the spirit is personal. the symbols he/she that are applied to it are not literal.
37
Father is ______ us.
over us. God was present in work of Jesus.
38
the son came to do ______ us, what we could not do for ourselves
FOR us. if he is not in us, his work is meaningless.
39
Holy spirit is god at work ______ us
IN us. God works in the christian life through HS.
40
4 functions of the holy spirit
1. representative - spirit makes christ present to believers.
2. regenerative - work of spirit is creation "new life." the agent of "rebirth" is the HS.
3. liberative = where spirit of the lord is, there is freedom. brings liberation FROM bondage. Liberation FOR new and abundant life in communion with god and others.
4. Unitive - unity. spirit is the bond of love between son and father. Also unites us to christ and fellow believers. makes possible a new kingdom that unites strangers and former enemies. "all are one, in HS"
41
Trinitas
a latin word for trinity coined by TERTULLIAN
42
Threefold revelation
god has made himself known in a 3-fold way. God the creator, divine son( incarnate jesus), and holy spirit (god in his spirit).
43
Antinomy (category)
2 laws or principles that appear to contradict one another but both are true (sort of paradox). e.g. "Sovereignty of god and human free will" "god is one yet he is three."
Antinomies should be held in balance.
44
classical formula for doctrine of the trinity
One divine substance (OUSIA) in 3 persons (HYPOSTASES)
45
substance
the essential nature of a thing. its possession defines what it is. not material, but essence.
46
hypostases
personal realities. not personalities. the three work together in every act
47
Ousia
divine substance shared between god jesus and hs
48
coinherence
this interdependent relationship between god, the son, and the holy spirit
49
2 Parameters trinity doctrine serves to provide:
1. Christians should not say the three are seperate gods (tritheism/polytheism)
2. God is not an undifferentiated monolyth. We cannot think adequately about his oneness apart from his threeness and vice versa.
50
attempts to explain the trinity lead to
heresy
51
Filioque
"and the son"
52
though there are three persons of one essence, there is a ______ and __________
implicit hierarchy of relationship; a functional distinction
53
economic trinitarianism
god relates to the world through this hierarchy of relationship. the three (trinity) seem to have different ways of working with the created order.
54
essential trinitarianism
refers to the equality of essence
55
Original Nicene Creed (381 AD)
"Holy spirit proceeds from the father"
56
Filioque Clauses added by Augustine (W church)
"Holy spirit proceeds from the father, filioque (AND THE SON)
57
explain controversy of filioque clause
the eastern church felt this diminished the importance and equality of the holy spirit.
58
ffilioque clause ultimately leads to ....
division between east orthodox and catholics
59
The church is a ________ of believers
body
60
god's purpose for creation
deep and lasting fellowship. he wants to be in a relationship with us.
61
church represents...
the begininning of this divine human fellowship. the church is the locus or context. it is the beginning of god's new and inclusive community--and the way he seeks to reach others.
62
Church definition
group/community of people called into being by god for carrying out his redemptive mission in the world. church is an instrument of god's saving purpose for mankind.
63
Church is not just a ______ community, but also a ________ community
saved; saving
64
Law of XN life is
Love
65
there is a spiritual rule of ______ in christianity
interdependence
66
Church is a _________ part of being a christian
essential.
67
"christianity is essentially a social religion. to turn it into a solitary one is indeed to destroy it"
John wesley
68
Christianity is personal but not __________
individualistic. Individualism undercuts certain essential christian components.
69
Ruling principle of interdependence
essential to christianity and hte church. all are in need of each other -- teaching, discipline, etc.
70
Church as a means of grace....
church is a locus where many of these means of grace (channels) takes place. a corporate setting like the church is necessary for many means of grace.
71
Church visible and invisible
being a christian has both an inward (faith) and outward (expression of) dimensions. it is not ideal to have one without the other.
72
Visible Church
all those people who outwardly express their faith. they identify with the church and profess their faith.
73
invisible church
all those people who have an inward relationship with god, but we do not know it--only god does. it is true faith.
74
Nominal Christianity
christian by name alone. htis becomes popular from 4th century onward, when christians began getting favors and special privileges.
75
"church is a mixed company"
augustine
76
Communion of Saints
fellowship of believers; all those united to christ
77
saint
christian
78
All are ___ in christ
ONE
79
communion of saints is both trans _____ and trans _______
trans geographical and transhistorical.
80
transhistorical-
-not divided by death. the dead are not excluded from fellowship.
81
church militant
church alive on earth today. in spiritual warfare,
82
church triumphant
they have finished their race. but they have an ongoing interest in the church militant. they are an invisible company of witnesses.
83
church transcends _____ and_____
time and space
84
Connection between OT and NT church
Early christians wanted to connect church to israel. they quoted ot scripture as authoritative doctrine (there was no NT)
85
ekklesia
NT word for church. in OT, used to describe the covanent community of israel. "CALLED OUT ONES" literally
86
ekklesia OT
congregation of israel
87
ekklesia nt
an assembly summoned together
88
Christian chruch began with .....
patriarchs. especial abraham
89
abraham
the father of the faithful
90
in NT there are ___ metaphors relating to the church
97. New israel is the most comprehensive metaphor.
91
New Israel metaphor for church
"abraham's offspring" "church is israel of god" "christians experience true circumcision" "12 tribes: churches" "church is a chosen race, a royal priesthood, god's own people"
92
the church is the fulfillment of _____
israel's election (it is what israel was meant to be.)
93
John the Baptist as an important link between jews of OT and NT
he prepared Jesus disciples and followers. he called them out to repent, and told them to follow Jesus.
94
Jesus and the "New Israel" metaphor
1 he calls 12 disciples (12 tribes)
2 he said they would judge the tribes.
3 disciples are the "flock of god"~ just as israel was.
4 foundation of church built on peter's confession "jesus is messiah"~fulfillment of OT messianic prophecy (old israel)
5 jesus uses passover to compare to the cross--the means by which they will be delivered from their captivity
95
2 most prominant metaphors for church in their relationship with christ.
Bride and Body of christ
96
Bride of christ (church)
in OT, "yah-weh is husband, israel is wife."
| in NT, "church is the bride of christ" they are one. there is a mystical union. a covanent.
97
Body of christ (church)
| metaphor goes in 3 stage development:
1. Body works together in unity.
2. as the HEAD of the body, Christ is the command center. the parts must be in connection with the head to work right.
3. as long as christ is on earth, they encounter him physically. after he ascends, the church is the body. His spirit animates the body.
98
people know about jesus today through how they encounter....
the church community
99
Incarnational Ecclesiology
The church is an extension of the incarnation. the church visibly embodies life of his spirit.
100
Classic Marks of the Church
```
classic goes back to Nicea in 325 and Nicea in 381:
ONE
HOLY
CATHOLIC
APOSTOLIC
```
101
"ONE" as mark of the church
there is an essential unity through its head, Jesus christ. He broke down barriers so that we are one. there is only one church in god's mind. unless this is in mind, we cannot understand the Ecumenical Movement.
102
Ecumenical Movement
attempts to discovery points of congruity (bridges) between doenominations. It does not intend to create community, but seeks to discover them. according to JEsus, church is meant to be one.
103
"Pray they be one, that the world may believe you have sent me."
~ JEsus
104
"Holy" as mark of the church
biblical term "separated to god" (from the world). church is meant to take its lead from god-- not the created order.
105
early church view of holiness (mark)
church is only holy insofar as every member is holy.
106
mid church view of holiness (mark)
dependent upon holiness of the minister (his individual sanctity)
107
st augustine view of holiness (mark)
holiness of the church is dependent upon the presence of the holy spirit (church is where the HS is at work, healing sick souls). church is like a hospital.
108
hs is at work through ________
appropriate means of grace.
109
church is a society founded by god to fulfill _______
his purpose of redemption for the human race
110
catholic as mark of the church
Universal. transgeographical fellowship. inclusive--not exclusive. it's mission and ministry is universal. church message (applicability) is also universal. transhistorical.
111
Apostolic as mark of the church
GK apostolos= sent one. messenger. christ sent them out as his authorized representatives. It is a delegated authority--not their own. Apostles are best to learn from because they were witnesses to jesus.
112
Apostolic Succession
(following from/ in continuity with apostles) 2 types;
Office (authority)
Doctrine (orthodox teaching)
113
office (authority) A.S.
weeded out many early heresies. This is the idea that apostles appointed leaders of the church (their successors) and this line of delegated authority continues. catholics still believe this (started with Pope Peter-- the "foundation of the church).. Until we have the canon, everything was oral.
114
Doctrine (orthodox teaching) A.S.
Calvin and Luther developed during the reformation.. "teaching what the apostles taught" makes the church true to the church. (in continuity with the apostles).
115
Martin Luther's marks of the church
Word
Sacrament
(These are just foundations for the classic marks. The basis of the classic 4)
116
Word as luther's mark of the church
when the gospel is preached. the gospel is a mouth-house. luther wanted church to preach the good news.
117
Sacrament as luther's mark of the church
church is the church where the sacrament is administered--they are a means of proclaiming the gospel through symbolic action. both focus on death and resurrection and therefore communicate the gospel through dramatic action. (baptism & last supper)
118
Priesthood of all believers
connected with Luther. " We all have equal access to God through Christ"... catholic had problems of hierarchy.
119
Biblical priesthood of all believers
"Whole of new israel is a kingdom of priests." implies equal ACCESS to the father and also equal RESPONSIBILITY to mediate god's presence to the world
120
Hierarchy in the ministry
original leadership and govt was of the apostles--appointed by christ.
Bishops, priests (presbyters), deacons
121
Means of Grace classic definition
an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace (book of common prayer)
122
Grace
something received as a gift. cannot be earned. "UNMERITED FAVOR".
also Divine enablement of the believer. God's SPIRITUAL AID for him to do what he wants in and through us.
123
Many means of grace require ______
a community (the church)
124
Grace is something god must do, but there are ways of ______________ upon god's grace.
waiting upon (not manipulation)
125
Church serves as an _________ of divine grace
instrument
126
ultimate means of grace is _______
christ
127
God is not bound by any means of grace, but he has promised......
to meet us in these ways
128
All worship involves the use of _______
symbols... even words are symbols
129
sacraments
a subset to means of grace... the most obvious symbols. symbols that are DONE as well as SAID.
130
Sacrament (classic definition)
an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace given unto us, ordained by christ himsl\elf, as a means whereby we receive the same," book of cp
131
3 involvements of sacraments
- proper substance
- action
- words (to interpret action and substance)
132
God can work the spiritual through ________
the material
133
Augstine's 2 requirements of Sacraments
Signum -- Sign. must go back to christ himself (one he commanded)
Res -- reality pointed to (signified by sign). the res must be CHRIST and all of his benefits.
134
"sacraments are visible words"~
St. Augustine. sacraments involve both substance and word. God at work through created order.
135
2 things sacraments do (operative symbols)
SIGNIFY TRUTH
| serve as CHANNELS of God's Grace (means by which we experience his grace).
136
Apart from _____, the sacraments do not have meaning
faith.
137
EX OPERE OPERATO
"out of the working, it works." idea that sacraments DO serve as a means of grace apart from faith.. Dismissed by Luther.
138
Sacrament of initiation
incorporation into the church. even though it happens with infants, CONFIRMATION is later required.
139
NT view of Baptism,
baptism was a symbol of self-identification with christ, and incorporation into the church.
140
NT formula for baptism
"Be baptized in the name of the father, the son, and the holy spirit."
141
"In the Name" significance
Placed under authority of. person yields power up to the authority of God.
142
essentials of baptism (2)
water (substance and action)
| the triune name of god (word during action.)
143
5 theological points of significance of Baptism
1) participation in christ's death and resurrection (buried into death in baptism, reemerge with new life. identify with christ)
2) conversion, pardoning and cleansing
(a symbolic cleansing of the heart. receiving of new ethics from spirit of god)
3) gift of the holy spirit (not the only way HS comes, but closely associated)
4) incorporation into the body of christ (a sign or seal of our common discipleship established by christ. a bond of unity)
5) sign of the kingdom (baptism initiates the reality of new life; the kingdom is both now and not yet).
144
Baptism as Union with Christ
1st identification with christ and a symbolic preaching of christ's death and resurrection (burial, reemerge with new life). Taking of up one's cross and following christ.
145
3 Modes of Baptism
Immersion
affusion
aspersion
146
immersion
person is emerged completely.
147
affusion
stand in the water and it is poured on you
148
aspersion
sprinkling of water on person being baptized.
149
in early church, baptism was a ______ part washing.
3
150
NT view of baptism
being baptized by water and spirit is the operative symbol of conversion to god.
151
paedo-baptism
infant baptism. supporters believe that a spiritual change occurs. others believe the baptized are just welcomed into the community of faith.
152
OT support for paedo baptism
8 year old males were circumcised on the 8th day.
153
Believers Baptism
baptism for those who are believing for themselves. Willful decision.
154
Interpretation of infant baptism involving "potential"
a certain grace potential is allotted, but to be attained the infant must confirm at an age of accountability. (confirmation) Grace in promise that must be owned.
155
both baptism traditions require _________.
faith... it's just a question of whose faith.
156
Faith By Proxy
when it is the community/parents that have the faith in the baptism (for an infant, usually).
157
3 positions on infant baptism
1 baptismal regeneration
2 covenant community membership
3 infant baptism is unjustified
158
"baptismal regeneration" position on infant baptism
it takes the guilt from original sin. Position of RC church and Anglican church.
159
"Covenant Community Membership" position on infant baptism
infant is incorporated into this faithful community... Calvin and Zwingli; Protestants.
160
Infant Baptism is Unjustified (position)
radical reformationists= anabaptists.... they are saying that one must be baptized again as an adult because no grace is conveyed in infant baptism.
161
Eucharist
"to be thankful". another word for Lord's Supper. Jesus Gave Thanks when he broke bread.
162
Lord's Supper is an ongoing identification with ___________.
christ's death and resurrection.
163
BEM
Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry
164
Theological Significance of Lord's Supper
1) Proclamation and celebration of saving presence of God in Christ
2) Memorial of Death of Christ
3) Participation in the body and blood of Jesus
4) Represents and effects the union of Christians
5) Kingdom Meal (foretaste of marriage supper of the lamb)
165
Lord's supper is Christian's _______....
counterpart to the Jewish feast "passover".
166
The Lord's supper makes present....
the effects of the death and resurrection of Jesus (in our present life).
167
3 dimensions of lord supper (Wesley)
Past- memorial. atonement remembered.
Present - means. effects of atonement are made available in present.
future - pledge of the coming day of the lord. foretaste of eschatological feast.
168
Maranatha
biblical term, aramaic. "Oh Lord, COME!" often used in eschatological references.
169
maranatha in context of lord's supper
"make yourself known to us now, in part, in context of this meal."
170
Doctrine of Real Presence
Affirmation of actual presence of Christ in the elements. It is a question of how:
transubstantiation
consubstantiation
spiritual presence
171
Christ is ubiquitous, or ______.
omnipresent.
172
transubstantiation (roman catholic)
change in substance. Came from Aristotle's accidents and substance view.
There is a change of substance--a transformation of the properties' elements into the body and blood christ.
173
Consubstantiation (protestant reformation)
body and blood of christ are present WITH the the bread and wine, but there is not some magical transformation. but a bodily presence is still maintained.
174
Spiritual Presence (of christ at lord's supper)
calvin and zwingli maintained real presence-- but a spiritual one.
175
Aristotle's "accidents"
outward properties of something.
176
Aristotle's "substance"
spiritual essence of something.
177
Roman Catholic Implications of Transubstantiation as a mode of real presence
1. elevation of priest - he must be duly ordained.
2. repitition of christ's sacrifice (he dies at every mass)
3. Ex opere operato - grace is conveyed automatically
178
Protestant Reformation Implications (ARGUMENTS AGAINST) transubstantiation doctrine
1. priesthood of all believers
2. christ's sacrifice is unrepeatable. he died once and for all.
3. faith is necessary for the conveyance of grace.
