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Christian Theo > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Theological Significance of the Resurrection

A
  1. Acceptability of Christ’s Sacrifice (to God)
  2. Holistic Salvation (saving action covers everything–even the body)
  3. Pledge of Eternal life (Christ’s ressurection serves as this pledge). SOURCE of our resurrection
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2
Q

Christ reveals himself after resurrected to those who _______

A

had freely believed

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3
Q

Major evidence for resurrection

A

eyewitness accounts of Jesus. they were willing to die against their testimony.

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4
Q

Heretical Theories attempting to disprove Resurrection

A

1 swoon theory
2 deception
3 hallucination
4 non-corporeal

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5
Q

swoon theory

A

Jesus just passed out on the cross. he revives in the coolness of the tomb. (He could not move stone alone after the great torture and trauma. their were guards at the tomb. this theory would make jesus a liar, which is contrary to his accepted righteousness).

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6
Q

deception theory

A

disciples lied to everyone saying JEsus is alive after they stole the body (Difficult to maintain a lie amongst 500 people. They were all willing to die…)

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7
Q

hallucination theory

A

they did not intend to misrepresent things, but they really just saw a hallucination (500 of them? hallucinations require expectation, and disciples were presdisposed in the opposite direction. Why is the tomb empty?)

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8
Q

non-corporeal theory

A

non-physical resurrection. The disciples encounter the spirit/ghost of jesus (we have an account of Jesus eating with the disciples. There is enough physicality to deny this theory. Also, the tomb was empty).

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9
Q

ascension

A

to go up. He went up to be with the father. the ascension is a parable acted out. the incarnate life of jesus has been absorbed into the father.

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10
Q

Advocacy

A

to represent others. Jesus is our advocate to God. He is one of us (has been where we are).

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11
Q

Ruach / Pneuma

A

Breath; spirit; wind

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12
Q

Analogy from trinity

A

Lover(father)—-love(holy spirit)—–loved one(son)

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13
Q

3 expectations regarding messiah and holy spirit

A
  1. the messiah will be annointed by the holy spirit to bring about the kingdom.
  2. there will be an outpouring of the spirit with the coming of the kingdom.
  3. there will be a moral transformation of what god expects from us. it will be written on our hearts.
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14
Q

Feast of Weeks; Feast of First Fruits have to do with ______

A

harvest… thanksgiving. these are combined in the new testament

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15
Q

Pentecost

A

pente (50) days after the Jewish feast of passover. commemorates HARVEST and the giving of the LAW TO MOSES.

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16
Q

For the jews, the law represents _______

A

covanent relationship with God

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17
Q

3 signs that occur in acts 2 (Holy Spirit) during Disciples 10 day wait

A
  1. Audible signal (pneuma) sound like rush of violent wind from heaven.
  2. Tongues of fire resting on each. fire is a symbol for purification and holy spirit.
  3. speaking in other languages–equips them to communicate to people of the WHOLE world.
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18
Q

holy spirit

A

the third person of the trinity. The personal agent by whom God the Father and God the son more expressly and effectually operate in the world—particularly in Christian salvation.

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19
Q

Pentecost is one of three _______ feasts

A

pilgrim

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20
Q

___% of acts is sermon

A

20

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21
Q

Kerygma

A

Apostolic proclamation (preaching).

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22
Q

3 cores of Kerygma (Sermon’s in Acts)

A
  1. OT Prophecies fulfilled (they have been)
  2. Jesus = Messiah (kingdom has come. jesus has proven to be messiah)
  3. (therefore) REPENT, be baptized, and receive the holy spirit (in light of who Jesus is. put faith in him).
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23
Q

Why Pentecost happens when it does

A

there is a new covanent with Jesus. The Harvest is the first fruits of jesus–3,000 people came into hte faith. Peter has the Holy spirit.

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24
Q

Theological significance of pentecost

A

essential. purpose is to make christ present universally through the power of the holy spirit.

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25
Q

apart from the holy spirit, we are not able to live lives that are __________ to God

A

pleasing

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26
Q

Holy spirit and jesus have a ________ relationship

A

inseperable

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27
Q

farewell discourse

A

john 14-16. jesus is alone with the disciples before he departs

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28
Q

5 things from farewell discourse jesus speaks of (about holy spirit)

A
  1. the spirit’s coming is dependent on jesus’s going. Jesus will send the spirit.
  2. spirit’s name , PARACLETE implies the continuation of christ’s work.
  3. reception of the HS is dependent on a prior knowledge of Jesus
  4. Jesus identifies the spirit’s coming with his own personal abiding presence (we).
  5. the HS’s work is decisively christ centered ( a reminder, not a new revelation)
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29
Q

Paraclete (Paracletos gk.)

A

used in NT applied to HS or Jesus. generally, a person called to one’s aid.

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30
Q

Paraclete applied to Jesus

A

advocate

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31
Q

paraclete applied to holy spirit

A

comforter (KJV) “with strength” someone who comes to strengthen…. modern version= helper.

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32
Q

Holy spirit, spirit of jesus, spirit of the lord are

A

indistinguishable / interchangeable

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33
Q

HS _________ from the father through the son

A

proceeds

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34
Q

we cannot understand the work of the hs apart from ______

A

christ

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35
Q

holiness = _____________

A

christ-likeness (fruits of the spirit)

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36
Q

Divine personhood

A

the spirit is personal. the symbols he/she that are applied to it are not literal.

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37
Q

Father is ______ us.

A

over us. God was present in work of Jesus.

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38
Q

the son came to do ______ us, what we could not do for ourselves

A

FOR us. if he is not in us, his work is meaningless.

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39
Q

Holy spirit is god at work ______ us

A

IN us. God works in the christian life through HS.

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40
Q

4 functions of the holy spirit

A
  1. representative - spirit makes christ present to believers.
  2. regenerative - work of spirit is creation “new life.” the agent of “rebirth” is the HS.
  3. liberative = where spirit of the lord is, there is freedom. brings liberation FROM bondage. Liberation FOR new and abundant life in communion with god and others.
  4. Unitive - unity. spirit is the bond of love between son and father. Also unites us to christ and fellow believers. makes possible a new kingdom that unites strangers and former enemies. “all are one, in HS”
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41
Q

Trinitas

A

a latin word for trinity coined by TERTULLIAN

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42
Q

Threefold revelation

A

god has made himself known in a 3-fold way. God the creator, divine son( incarnate jesus), and holy spirit (god in his spirit).

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43
Q

Antinomy (category)

A

2 laws or principles that appear to contradict one another but both are true (sort of paradox). e.g. “Sovereignty of god and human free will” “god is one yet he is three.”
Antinomies should be held in balance.

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44
Q

classical formula for doctrine of the trinity

A

One divine substance (OUSIA) in 3 persons (HYPOSTASES)

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45
Q

substance

A

the essential nature of a thing. its possession defines what it is. not material, but essence.

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46
Q

hypostases

A

personal realities. not personalities. the three work together in every act

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47
Q

Ousia

A

divine substance shared between god jesus and hs

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48
Q

coinherence

A

this interdependent relationship between god, the son, and the holy spirit

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49
Q

2 Parameters trinity doctrine serves to provide:

A
  1. Christians should not say the three are seperate gods (tritheism/polytheism)
  2. God is not an undifferentiated monolyth. We cannot think adequately about his oneness apart from his threeness and vice versa.
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50
Q

attempts to explain the trinity lead to

A

heresy

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51
Q

Filioque

A

“and the son”

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52
Q

though there are three persons of one essence, there is a ______ and __________

A

implicit hierarchy of relationship; a functional distinction

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53
Q

economic trinitarianism

A

god relates to the world through this hierarchy of relationship. the three (trinity) seem to have different ways of working with the created order.

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54
Q

essential trinitarianism

A

refers to the equality of essence

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55
Q

Original Nicene Creed (381 AD)

A

“Holy spirit proceeds from the father”

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56
Q

Filioque Clauses added by Augustine (W church)

A

“Holy spirit proceeds from the father, filioque (AND THE SON)

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57
Q

explain controversy of filioque clause

A

the eastern church felt this diminished the importance and equality of the holy spirit.

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58
Q

ffilioque clause ultimately leads to ….

A

division between east orthodox and catholics

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59
Q

The church is a ________ of believers

A

body

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60
Q

god’s purpose for creation

A

deep and lasting fellowship. he wants to be in a relationship with us.

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61
Q

church represents…

A

the begininning of this divine human fellowship. the church is the locus or context. it is the beginning of god’s new and inclusive community–and the way he seeks to reach others.

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62
Q

Church definition

A

group/community of people called into being by god for carrying out his redemptive mission in the world. church is an instrument of god’s saving purpose for mankind.

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63
Q

Church is not just a ______ community, but also a ________ community

A

saved; saving

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64
Q

Law of XN life is

A

Love

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65
Q

there is a spiritual rule of ______ in christianity

A

interdependence

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66
Q

Church is a _________ part of being a christian

A

essential.

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67
Q

“christianity is essentially a social religion. to turn it into a solitary one is indeed to destroy it”

A

John wesley

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68
Q

Christianity is personal but not __________

A

individualistic. Individualism undercuts certain essential christian components.

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69
Q

Ruling principle of interdependence

A

essential to christianity and hte church. all are in need of each other – teaching, discipline, etc.

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70
Q

Church as a means of grace….

A

church is a locus where many of these means of grace (channels) takes place. a corporate setting like the church is necessary for many means of grace.

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71
Q

Church visible and invisible

A

being a christian has both an inward (faith) and outward (expression of) dimensions. it is not ideal to have one without the other.

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72
Q

Visible Church

A

all those people who outwardly express their faith. they identify with the church and profess their faith.

73
Q

invisible church

A

all those people who have an inward relationship with god, but we do not know it–only god does. it is true faith.

74
Q

Nominal Christianity

A

christian by name alone. htis becomes popular from 4th century onward, when christians began getting favors and special privileges.

75
Q

“church is a mixed company”

A

augustine

76
Q

Communion of Saints

A

fellowship of believers; all those united to christ

77
Q

saint

A

christian

78
Q

All are ___ in christ

A

ONE

79
Q

communion of saints is both trans _____ and trans _______

A

trans geographical and transhistorical.

80
Q

transhistorical-

A

-not divided by death. the dead are not excluded from fellowship.

81
Q

church militant

A

church alive on earth today. in spiritual warfare,

82
Q

church triumphant

A

they have finished their race. but they have an ongoing interest in the church militant. they are an invisible company of witnesses.

83
Q

church transcends _____ and_____

A

time and space

84
Q

Connection between OT and NT church

A

Early christians wanted to connect church to israel. they quoted ot scripture as authoritative doctrine (there was no NT)

85
Q

ekklesia

A

NT word for church. in OT, used to describe the covanent community of israel. “CALLED OUT ONES” literally

86
Q

ekklesia OT

A

congregation of israel

87
Q

ekklesia nt

A

an assembly summoned together

88
Q

Christian chruch began with …..

A

patriarchs. especial abraham

89
Q

abraham

A

the father of the faithful

90
Q

in NT there are ___ metaphors relating to the church

A
  1. New israel is the most comprehensive metaphor.
91
Q

New Israel metaphor for church

A

“abraham’s offspring” “church is israel of god” “christians experience true circumcision” “12 tribes: churches” “church is a chosen race, a royal priesthood, god’s own people”

92
Q

the church is the fulfillment of _____

A

israel’s election (it is what israel was meant to be.)

93
Q

John the Baptist as an important link between jews of OT and NT

A

he prepared Jesus disciples and followers. he called them out to repent, and told them to follow Jesus.

94
Q

Jesus and the “New Israel” metaphor

A

1 he calls 12 disciples (12 tribes)
2 he said they would judge the tribes.
3 disciples are the “flock of god”~ just as israel was.
4 foundation of church built on peter’s confession “jesus is messiah”~fulfillment of OT messianic prophecy (old israel)
5 jesus uses passover to compare to the cross–the means by which they will be delivered from their captivity

95
Q

2 most prominant metaphors for church in their relationship with christ.

A

Bride and Body of christ

96
Q

Bride of christ (church)

A

in OT, “yah-weh is husband, israel is wife.”

in NT, “church is the bride of christ” they are one. there is a mystical union. a covanent.

97
Q

Body of christ (church)

metaphor goes in 3 stage development:

A
  1. Body works together in unity.
  2. as the HEAD of the body, Christ is the command center. the parts must be in connection with the head to work right.
  3. as long as christ is on earth, they encounter him physically. after he ascends, the church is the body. His spirit animates the body.
98
Q

people know about jesus today through how they encounter….

A

the church community

99
Q

Incarnational Ecclesiology

A

The church is an extension of the incarnation. the church visibly embodies life of his spirit.

100
Q

Classic Marks of the Church

A 
classic goes back to Nicea in 325 and Nicea in 381:
ONE
HOLY
CATHOLIC
APOSTOLIC
101
Q

“ONE” as mark of the church

A

there is an essential unity through its head, Jesus christ. He broke down barriers so that we are one. there is only one church in god’s mind. unless this is in mind, we cannot understand the Ecumenical Movement.

102
Q

Ecumenical Movement

A

attempts to discovery points of congruity (bridges) between doenominations. It does not intend to create community, but seeks to discover them. according to JEsus, church is meant to be one.

103
Q

“Pray they be one, that the world may believe you have sent me.”

A

~ JEsus

104
Q

“Holy” as mark of the church

A

biblical term “separated to god” (from the world). church is meant to take its lead from god– not the created order.

105
Q

early church view of holiness (mark)

A

church is only holy insofar as every member is holy.

106
Q

mid church view of holiness (mark)

A

dependent upon holiness of the minister (his individual sanctity)

107
Q

st augustine view of holiness (mark)

A

holiness of the church is dependent upon the presence of the holy spirit (church is where the HS is at work, healing sick souls). church is like a hospital.

108
Q

hs is at work through ________

A

appropriate means of grace.

109
Q

church is a society founded by god to fulfill _______

A

his purpose of redemption for the human race

110
Q

catholic as mark of the church

A

Universal. transgeographical fellowship. inclusive–not exclusive. it’s mission and ministry is universal. church message (applicability) is also universal. transhistorical.

111
Q

Apostolic as mark of the church

A

GK apostolos= sent one. messenger. christ sent them out as his authorized representatives. It is a delegated authority–not their own. Apostles are best to learn from because they were witnesses to jesus.

112
Q

Apostolic Succession

A

(following from/ in continuity with apostles) 2 types;
Office (authority)
Doctrine (orthodox teaching)

113
Q

office (authority) A.S.

A

weeded out many early heresies. This is the idea that apostles appointed leaders of the church (their successors) and this line of delegated authority continues. catholics still believe this (started with Pope Peter– the “foundation of the church).. Until we have the canon, everything was oral.

114
Q

Doctrine (orthodox teaching) A.S.

A

Calvin and Luther developed during the reformation.. “teaching what the apostles taught” makes the church true to the church. (in continuity with the apostles).

115
Q

Martin Luther’s marks of the church

A

Word
Sacrament
(These are just foundations for the classic marks. The basis of the classic 4)

116
Q

Word as luther’s mark of the church

A

when the gospel is preached. the gospel is a mouth-house. luther wanted church to preach the good news.

117
Q

Sacrament as luther’s mark of the church

A

church is the church where the sacrament is administered–they are a means of proclaiming the gospel through symbolic action. both focus on death and resurrection and therefore communicate the gospel through dramatic action. (baptism & last supper)

118
Q

Priesthood of all believers

A

connected with Luther. “ We all have equal access to God through Christ”… catholic had problems of hierarchy.

119
Q

Biblical priesthood of all believers

A

“Whole of new israel is a kingdom of priests.” implies equal ACCESS to the father and also equal RESPONSIBILITY to mediate god’s presence to the world

120
Q

Hierarchy in the ministry

A

original leadership and govt was of the apostles–appointed by christ.
Bishops, priests (presbyters), deacons

121
Q

Means of Grace classic definition

A

an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace (book of common prayer)

122
Q

Grace

A

something received as a gift. cannot be earned. “UNMERITED FAVOR”.
also Divine enablement of the believer. God’s SPIRITUAL AID for him to do what he wants in and through us.

123
Q

Many means of grace require ______

A

a community (the church)

124
Q

Grace is something god must do, but there are ways of ______________ upon god’s grace.

A

waiting upon (not manipulation)

125
Q

Church serves as an _________ of divine grace

A

instrument

126
Q

ultimate means of grace is _______

A

christ

127
Q

God is not bound by any means of grace, but he has promised……

A

to meet us in these ways

128
Q

All worship involves the use of _______

A

symbols… even words are symbols

129
Q

sacraments

A

a subset to means of grace… the most obvious symbols. symbols that are DONE as well as SAID.

130
Q

Sacrament (classic definition)

A

an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace given unto us, ordained by christ himsl\elf, as a means whereby we receive the same,” book of cp

131
Q

3 involvements of sacraments

A
  • proper substance
  • action
  • words (to interpret action and substance)
132
Q

God can work the spiritual through ________

A

the material

133
Q

Augstine’s 2 requirements of Sacraments

A

Signum – Sign. must go back to christ himself (one he commanded)
Res – reality pointed to (signified by sign). the res must be CHRIST and all of his benefits.

134
Q

“sacraments are visible words”~

A

St. Augustine. sacraments involve both substance and word. God at work through created order.

135
Q

2 things sacraments do (operative symbols)

A

SIGNIFY TRUTH

serve as CHANNELS of God’s Grace (means by which we experience his grace).

136
Q

Apart from _____, the sacraments do not have meaning

A

faith.

137
Q

EX OPERE OPERATO

A

“out of the working, it works.” idea that sacraments DO serve as a means of grace apart from faith.. Dismissed by Luther.

138
Q

Sacrament of initiation

A

incorporation into the church. even though it happens with infants, CONFIRMATION is later required.

139
Q

NT view of Baptism,

A

baptism was a symbol of self-identification with christ, and incorporation into the church.

140
Q

NT formula for baptism

A

“Be baptized in the name of the father, the son, and the holy spirit.”

141
Q

“In the Name” significance

A

Placed under authority of. person yields power up to the authority of God.

142
Q

essentials of baptism (2)

A

water (substance and action)

the triune name of god (word during action.)

143
Q

5 theological points of significance of Baptism

A

1) participation in christ’s death and resurrection (buried into death in baptism, reemerge with new life. identify with christ)
2) conversion, pardoning and cleansing
(a symbolic cleansing of the heart. receiving of new ethics from spirit of god)
3) gift of the holy spirit (not the only way HS comes, but closely associated)
4) incorporation into the body of christ (a sign or seal of our common discipleship established by christ. a bond of unity)
5) sign of the kingdom (baptism initiates the reality of new life; the kingdom is both now and not yet).

144
Q

Baptism as Union with Christ

A

1st identification with christ and a symbolic preaching of christ’s death and resurrection (burial, reemerge with new life). Taking of up one’s cross and following christ.

145
Q

3 Modes of Baptism

A

Immersion
affusion
aspersion

146
Q

immersion

A

person is emerged completely.

147
Q

affusion

A

stand in the water and it is poured on you

148
Q

aspersion

A

sprinkling of water on person being baptized.

149
Q

in early church, baptism was a ______ part washing.

A

3

150
Q

NT view of baptism

A

being baptized by water and spirit is the operative symbol of conversion to god.

151
Q

paedo-baptism

A

infant baptism. supporters believe that a spiritual change occurs. others believe the baptized are just welcomed into the community of faith.

152
Q

OT support for paedo baptism

A

8 year old males were circumcised on the 8th day.

153
Q

Believers Baptism

A

baptism for those who are believing for themselves. Willful decision.

154
Q

Interpretation of infant baptism involving “potential”

A

a certain grace potential is allotted, but to be attained the infant must confirm at an age of accountability. (confirmation) Grace in promise that must be owned.

155
Q

both baptism traditions require _________.

A

faith… it’s just a question of whose faith.

156
Q

Faith By Proxy

A

when it is the community/parents that have the faith in the baptism (for an infant, usually).

157
Q

3 positions on infant baptism

A

1 baptismal regeneration
2 covenant community membership
3 infant baptism is unjustified

158
Q

“baptismal regeneration” position on infant baptism

A

it takes the guilt from original sin. Position of RC church and Anglican church.

159
Q

“Covenant Community Membership” position on infant baptism

A

infant is incorporated into this faithful community… Calvin and Zwingli; Protestants.

160
Q

Infant Baptism is Unjustified (position)

A

radical reformationists= anabaptists…. they are saying that one must be baptized again as an adult because no grace is conveyed in infant baptism.

161
Q

Eucharist

A

“to be thankful”. another word for Lord’s Supper. Jesus Gave Thanks when he broke bread.

162
Q

Lord’s Supper is an ongoing identification with ___________.

A

christ’s death and resurrection.

163
Q

BEM

A

Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry

164
Q

Theological Significance of Lord’s Supper

A

1) Proclamation and celebration of saving presence of God in Christ
2) Memorial of Death of Christ
3) Participation in the body and blood of Jesus
4) Represents and effects the union of Christians
5) Kingdom Meal (foretaste of marriage supper of the lamb)

165
Q

Lord’s supper is Christian’s _______….

A

counterpart to the Jewish feast “passover”.

166
Q

The Lord’s supper makes present….

A

the effects of the death and resurrection of Jesus (in our present life).

167
Q

3 dimensions of lord supper (Wesley)

A

Past- memorial. atonement remembered.
Present - means. effects of atonement are made available in present.
future - pledge of the coming day of the lord. foretaste of eschatological feast.

168
Q

Maranatha

A

biblical term, aramaic. “Oh Lord, COME!” often used in eschatological references.

169
Q

maranatha in context of lord’s supper

A

“make yourself known to us now, in part, in context of this meal.”

170
Q

Doctrine of Real Presence

A

Affirmation of actual presence of Christ in the elements. It is a question of how:
transubstantiation
consubstantiation
spiritual presence

171
Q

Christ is ubiquitous, or ______.

A

omnipresent.

172
Q

transubstantiation (roman catholic)

A

change in substance. Came from Aristotle’s accidents and substance view.
There is a change of substance–a transformation of the properties’ elements into the body and blood christ.

173
Q

Consubstantiation (protestant reformation)

A

body and blood of christ are present WITH the the bread and wine, but there is not some magical transformation. but a bodily presence is still maintained.

174
Q

Spiritual Presence (of christ at lord’s supper)

A

calvin and zwingli maintained real presence– but a spiritual one.

175
Q

Aristotle’s “accidents”

A

outward properties of something.

176
Q

Aristotle’s “substance”

A

spiritual essence of something.

177
Q

Roman Catholic Implications of Transubstantiation as a mode of real presence

A
  1. elevation of priest - he must be duly ordained.
  2. repitition of christ’s sacrifice (he dies at every mass)
  3. Ex opere operato - grace is conveyed automatically
178
Q

Protestant Reformation Implications (ARGUMENTS AGAINST) transubstantiation doctrine

A
  1. priesthood of all believers
  2. christ’s sacrifice is unrepeatable. he died once and for all.
  3. faith is necessary for the conveyance of grace.

Christian Theo (3 decks)

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