Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology-RN > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

How are obstructive and restrictive diseases different?

How are they managed?

A

Obstructive diseases respond to medications that open the airway.

Restrictive diseases require removal of outer forces that prevent lung expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

8 causes of dyspnea and note the differences in medication management

A

Heart failure

Asthma

Pneumonia

Clot

Farmers lung

Abd distention

Anemia

Fever

Pain

Metabolic acidosis

Copd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Side effects of spiriva and related precautions

A

Anticholinergic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Side effects of advair and related precautions

A

Adrenergic effects and thrush due to steroid immune suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Side effects of albuterol and related precautions

A

Adrenergic effects ( tachycardia? HTN, tremors, nervousness )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a duoneb and how is it different from combivent

A

They are the same. Combo of albuterol and ipratropium

One is an inhaler and one is a neb tx

Neb is more powerful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can inhalers be given to people who are having allergic reactions ?

A

Yes but they won’t suppress acute immune flares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are albuterol and salmetrerol different

A

Salmeterol- is a maintenance Rx

Albuterol is a rescue Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are tiatrooium and ipatropium different

A

Tiatrooium (spariva) is maintenance RX

Ipratropium is more rapid acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are fluticasone and Atrovent different ?

A

Flovent - Immune suppressor

Atrovent - ipratropium is a bronchodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Risks of aminophylline toxicity ?

A

Seizures and arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal aminophylline toxicity

A

10-20mcg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Difference between robitussin and guaifensin

A

Guaifensin is the generic name for robitussin

Mucinex and gerituss preparations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 ways that neurological disturbances can affect respiration

A

Pressure on the brain stem, dropping rate and depth of respiration’s, impairing respiratory muscles and ability to cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is carafate ?

What type of compound

A

A coating medication that protects the stomach from acid erosion

Aluminum compound

Adheres to gastric lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How and when is carafate given?

A

It is going to before eating and apart from other medications, especially reflux meds and antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How Are carafate and antacids different from H2 blockers and Proton pump inhibitors?

A

H2 blockers and PPis reduce acid production

Carafate protects the stomach from acid erosion

Antacids neutralize acid and can be taken after the meal of heartburn occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is hyperacidity treated in renal patients ??

A

With calcium carbonate, PPIs and H2 blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What antiacids should renal patients avoid ??

A

Magnesium and aluminum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Should reflux medications be given with food or on a empty stomach?

A

1/2 hour before meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What meds should not be given with antacids?

A

Tetracyclines, quinolones, PPIs , Carafate, H2 blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What’s meds should NOT be taken on an empty stomach?

A

Prednisone, NSAIDS, Lytes and griseofulvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the difference between Reglan and Zofran ?

A

Reglan has direct acting cholinergic effects and blocks dopamine in the CNS

Zofran acts on the CNS by blocking 5HT3 (serotonin) receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why might a systemic reaction occur after giving prn Compazine?

A

It is a phenothiazine (neuroleptic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If lomotil is part noneuphiric opiates and part atropine, what might be the side effects?

A

Anticholinergic effects: constipation, urine retention, tachycardia and pupil dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How is irritable bowel syndrome treated?

A

With anticholinergic

and perhaps benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How are colonic infections treated?

A

Hydration and probiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Should people with Cdiff be treated with steroids to suppress inflammation?

A

No!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What causes Cdiff and how is it treated ?

A

Loss of normal flora due to immune suppression or antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What nursing precautions should be taken when caring for patients with C-Diff

A

Contact precautions

Do not rely on hand sanitizers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which medications cause constipation

A

Opiates, anti-cholinergics, trazodone, tramadol, psychotropics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What situations cause constipation?

A

Immobility , trauma, hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Name 5 meds that promote bowel motility

A

Miralax or Metamucil , colace, senna, milk of magnesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the protocol for constipation ?

A

Miralax or Metamucil , colace, senna, milk of magnesia in that order , then Suppositories, then enemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the risks of too many laxatives?

A

Dependency, dehydration, electrolyte depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Three problems associated with nitroglycerin

A

Headache, hypertension, fall risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Three problems associated with calcium channel blocker’s

A

Edema, constipation, orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

problems associated with beta blockers

A

Hypotension, Bradycardia , wheezing , and hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ace inhibitor problems

A

Cough and hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Lanoxin problems

A

Bradycardia, arrhythmias of toxic (level 2.2, green halo vision, gi upset)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Problems that can occur with critical drip rates for shock?

A

Peripheral and renal ischemia and injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Problems that may occur with atropine ?

A

Tachycardia, dry mouth , constipation, urine retention, blurred vision, dilated pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Problems that may occur with statins

A

Muscle break down (rhabdomyolisis) with grapefruit juice , risk of liver injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Problems that may occur with ventricular arrhythmias?

A

Backward contractions don’t perfusion , systemic hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Supraventricular arrythmias- problems that may occur

A

drop in cardiac output due to lack of ventricular fill time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Problems let me be associated with atrial Fibrillation

A

Clot formation, drop in cardiac output due to loss of atrial kick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Problem is it may be associated with Bradycardia

A

syncope (falls), drop in cardiac output (poor perfusion) due to c.o=HRxSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What to know when giving or teaching patients about Coumadin

A

Watch INR

Report black tarry stools, bruising , pink urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What to know when giving or teaching patients about lanoxin

A

Hold of apical pulse below 60

Report visual disturbances

Report GI upset

Report Less than -Level 2.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What to know when giving or teaching patients about atropine

A

Don’t feed after giving patient

Watch for urine retention (catch PRN)

Keep lights low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What to know when giving or teaching patients about beta blockers

A

Check pulse and BP before giving, watch glucose and lung sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What to know when giving or teaching patients about nitroglycerin

A

Check BP before giving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What to know when giving or teaching patients about lasix

A

Watch potassium, take potassium unless also taking ace inhibitor, Sparta or potassium sparing diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What to know when giving or teaching patients about Potassium

A

Don’t crush

Give with food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

3 types of meds that reduce risk of plaque development in veins

A

Anti-hypertensives

Statins

Anti-platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Name three measures for chest pain

A

Lay down or sit

Check BP

Offer nitro and ASA

Call 911 is nitro doesn’t resolve it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Name Rx meds to reduce MI risk

A

Anti-anginals

Anti-hypertensives

Statins

Antiplatelets

Anticoagulants

58
Q

What is the cause of pulmonary edema and what can be done to prevent it

A

Back pressure of fluids into the lungs when the left ventricle can’t keep up with everything coming into it

59
Q

What does the following lab tell us? Troponin ?

A

Myocardial injury

60
Q

What does the following lab tell us? BNP

A

Heart failure (atrial stretch)

61
Q

What does the following lab tell us? EKG

A

Where damage or ischemia is occurring (what part of the heart)

62
Q

What does the following lab tell us? Echocardiogram

A

Structural damage (heart walk stasis, septal defect or valve damage)

63
Q

What OTC meds should renal patients be counseled not to take?

A

ASA

MOM

Fleets

Gaviscon

64
Q

When do Renal patients need to go on dialysis?

A

BUN: 70

Creatine: 7

Potassium greater than 5.5

Metabolic acidosis

65
Q

At what point should fluids be restricted in renal patient

A

If creatine above 5

66
Q

Who should be on a no added salt diet

A

Renal patient ?

Consider salt substitute but not is retaining potassium

67
Q

What is the difference between LDL and HDL

A

LDLs turn to plaque

HDLs do not

68
Q

How are spironoactone, lasix and dyazide different ?

A

Potassium sparing vs potassium wasting vs combo RX

69
Q

Report bilat muscle aches in legs

A

Statins

70
Q

Avoid grapefruit when taking this

A

Statin

71
Q

Hold if pulse is below 60

A

Digoxin

72
Q

What meds have no antidote if bleeding

A

Ibans

73
Q

This med gives you a headache

A

Nitro

74
Q

Hold if level is above 2 or if see yellow halo vision

A

Digoxin

75
Q

Do not give with lithium Or NSAIDS

A

Diuretics

76
Q

Expect constipation and edema with this med

A

Calcium channel blockers

77
Q

Warn against taking with viagra

A

Nitro

78
Q

When to give statins

A

At HS

79
Q

How to give nitro

A

Every 5 minutes

Only when sitting

80
Q

Antidote to herparin

A

Protamine sulfate

81
Q

What not to give at HS

A

Diuretics

Prils

82
Q

When to give protamine sulfate

A

If PTT is too high

83
Q

Pril side effect

A

Cough

84
Q

Cdiff prevention

A

Take probiotics

Flagyl

Vancomycin

Metronidazole

Rifaximin

85
Q

IBS tx

A

Increase chloride and bicarbonate output to stimulate peristalsis

Linzess

86
Q

What is used to prevent diarrhea

A

Non euphoric opiates

Such as Imodium

Paragoric

Lomotil

87
Q

Dopamine blockers used for nausea control

A

Reglan

Conpazine (risk of depression and movements )

88
Q

Serotonin blockers to reduce nausea

A

Zofran

Lotronex

89
Q

Opiate adjuvants for nausea control

A

Phenergan
(Promethazine)

Vistaril
(Hydroxyzine)

90
Q

Bronchodilator/rescue meds with adrenergic effects

Side effects

A

Albuterol

Anxiousness and tremors

Drops potassium

91
Q

Calcium/tums (antacid) cause what side effect

A

Constipation

92
Q

Acid suppressors

Meds and what do they lead to

A

PPIs (prazoles)

Tidines (H2 blockers)

Diarrhea

93
Q

Lining protective (meds)

Compound type

A

sucralfate -carafate

Adheres to gastric lining

Aluminum compound

94
Q

Bronchodilator/rescue meds with adrenergic and anticholinergic effects

A

Combination of and albuterol

Combivent vs duoneb

Use one or the other (never both)

95
Q

Bronchodilator/rescue meds with anticholinergic effects

A

Ipratropium

Increases heart rate

Bad for glaucoma

Increased UTI risk

96
Q

Maintenance anticholinergic (dry) agents for resp

A

Spiriva

Once a day

Causes constipation

Worsens glaucoma —

Increased UTI

Do not use with BPH—

97
Q

Maintenance adrenergic agents for resp

How often to take

A

Salmeterol (sevent)

Twice a day

Never for rescue

98
Q

Maintenance anticholinergic and adrenic combo agents for resp

What to watch for ??

A

Advir (erol,asone, nide)

Breo

Symbicort

Watch for thrush!

99
Q

How to treat thrush

A

Mycostatin

100
Q

Steroid maintenance drugs

What to do after inhaling

A

Fluticasone

Beclonethasone

Rinse after inhaling

101
Q

What to watch for with anti-inflammatory resp steroids

A

Increased glucose

Decrease potassium

Take with food

Hydrocort

Medrol

102
Q

Non steroid agents to prevent inflammation

A

Antihistamines

Claritin

Benedryl (dine)

103
Q

Cough agent suppressors

Best for COPD

A

Codiene

Dextromethophan

104
Q

Expectorant cough agent

A

Robitussin / tussin/ mucinex

105
Q

Mucolytic cough agent also used to treat Tylenol overdose and cystic fibrosis

A

Acetylcystiene (mucomyst)

106
Q

Digoxin does not decrease what

A

Blood pressure

107
Q

Atropine side effects with eyes

A

Dialated eyes

Dim lights

108
Q

Normal PTT

A

60-80

109
Q

INR normal lab

A

2-3

110
Q

Platelet normal lab

A

150,000-450,000

111
Q

What meds increase Coumadin levels

A

Antibiotics and steroids

112
Q

Anitidote for Coumadin

Stay away from what

A

Vitamin k or green leafy veggies

Herbals

113
Q

Stay away from what with statins

A

Grapefruit

114
Q

Treatment with pulmonary embolism

A

Oxygen

115
Q

Lung sound with farmers lung

A

Crackles

116
Q

Statins (cholesterol)

Zocor , Crestor , Lipitor , mevacor

What labs to watch

A

Liver enzymes

117
Q

When to hold antiplatelet meds (plavix , ticlid, baby ASA, persantin)

Don’t give with what

A

Hold if PLatelets are low below 150k.

Anticoagulants besides baby ASA

118
Q

How long does it take for anticoagulants to come into full effect

A

A week

119
Q

What enhances effects of Coumadin

A

Antibiotics , alcohol, herbs , garlic, cranberry

120
Q

Alternative meds to no Coumadin

No labs

Report bruising

A

Pradaxa

Xarelto

Eliquis

121
Q

Heparin works how fast

How to give?
how not to give why?
Diet?

A

Quickly

No diet restrictions

Given subQ when stable

Never give IM!!! Hematoma will occur

122
Q

This dissolves clots so it can cause bleeding

Effect lasts how long

A

TPA

2-3 hours

123
Q

Beta blockers (vasodialator)

Used for

Side effects

When to hold

A

Arrhythmias

Hold if pulse below 60 or if systolic below 100
Unless doctor says otherwise

Olols

Mask hypoglycemia

Cause wheezing

124
Q

What to do before giving calcium channel blockers (vasodilator)

A

Check pulse and BP

Hold if either is low

125
Q

Vasolating Anti arrhythmics do what

Side effects

What not to take with

A

Block sodium and potassium and calcium

Constipation and edema

No grapefruit

126
Q

Anti arrhythmic rhythm rx that does not drop BP

What does it do?

When to hold

Target level?

Side effect of toxicity

What indicates toxicity

A

Digoxin
(Slows and strengthens pulse)

Hold if HR is below 60

0.8-1.8

Toxicity green halos

Electrolyte increase or decrease may indicate toxicity along with rhythm

127
Q

Atropine is what type
Of med

What to know

A

Anticholinergic

Increased HR

Don’t feed after giving

watch for Bladder distension

Dialate pupils

Dim lights

128
Q

Anti hypertensive diuretics

A

Loop and thiazides

Potassium sparing

Dyazide

129
Q

Loop and thiazides
(lasix, HCTZ)
Do what?

How to give

What to eat with

A

Reduces edema/fluids, decreases HTN

Give in AM

Give with food

Dissolve in water, never crush

Never push IV

Encourage bananas , oranges (replace potassium) that is lost with fluid

130
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic (antihypertensive)

Aldactone , angiotension, prils, Sartans

May cause what ?

Dietary restrictions ?

A

Arrythmias if potassium is greater than 5

No salt substitutes

131
Q

When will a patient be NPO

A

Epigastric pain, acute pancreatitis, bloody vomit , gag reflux diminished

132
Q

What med will heal the stomach over time

A

PPIs

133
Q

When to take protonix and how many times a day

A

30 min before meals up to 4 x a day

134
Q

Phenergan EPS causes

A

Distonia

135
Q

When to take montelulaskt why?

A

Evening

Can prevent asthma while asleep

136
Q

What antacid is safest for renal failure

A

Tums because aluminum and magnesium are bad for renal failure

137
Q

Calcium lab

A

8-10

138
Q

Normal potassium

A

3.5-5

139
Q

Sodium levels

A

135-145

140
Q

Magnesium levels

A

1.5-2.5

141
Q

PTT LEVELS

A

25-35 seconds?

142
Q

Digoxin

A

0.5-2

Pharmacology-RN (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions