Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology-RN > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

S/s of hypoglycemia

A 
Anxious
Sweating 
Shaking 
Fast heart
Hunger
Dizzy 
Irritable
Headache 
weak 
impaired vision 
Fatigue 
Irritated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes hypoglycemia

A 
Too little food
Too much insulin 
Diabetes 
Medicine 
Too much exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Onset of hypoglycemia?

A

Sudden,

May progress to insulin shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal blood sugar level ?

What is hypoglycemia level?

A

Normal range: 70-115mg

Blood sugar below 70 is hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What to do to manage S/s of low blood sugar?

A

Drink a cup of orange juice, milk, hard candy

Test glucose with blood monitor

If symptoms don’t go away then call doctor

After 30 min when symptoms go away, eat a light snack such as (half a peanut butter sandwich and half glass of milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyperglycemia s/s

A 
Increased urination 
Dry skin 
Thirsty
Nausea 
Drowsy
Blurred vision 
Hunger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What to do for s/s of high bs?

A

Test blood sugar

If over 250 for several tests , call your doctor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of hyperglycemia

A

Too much food

Too little insulin

Illness

Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Onset of hyperglycemia

A

Gradual, may progress to diabetic coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyperglycemia is considered what number?

Acceptable range #

A

Above 200

115-200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the antidote to insulin?

A

Glucagon- IV or orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Risk of taking fluoroquinolones (floxoxacin) cipro

And what helps restore normal flora while taking these?

A

Sunburn

Tendon rupture/ achilies

Don’t take with minerals/milk/dairy (ca, mg, zn) due to lower of effectiveness

-probiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to avoid super infections?

A

Avoid using 4th generation meds unless needed

Take full med course of antibiotics

Don’t take z pack back to back

Take yogurt or probiotics to restore normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What meds/antibiotics should not be taken with yogurt, iron, minerals (calcium, iron, zinc) , dairy?

Why?

A

Those taking tetracyclines, fluroquinolones, Zithromax, or lactose intolerance

Med becomes inactivated by them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to limit the risk of renal injury?

A

Check peak and trough (lowest level of drug before you give the next dose) levels

Peak: 1 hour after hanging IVPB

Trough: 0.5 hour before next dose

Watch BUN and creative levels

24 hour urine collection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nitrofurantoin (antimicrobial) administration precaution

A

Take with food to prevent nausea

Take with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What antibiotic to take on empty stomach

A

Penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

All antibiotics should be taken with what?

Why?

A

Water

Protection of kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What antibiotics are harder on kidneys and very important to drink lots of water with?

A

Quinolones

Sulfas

Penicillins

Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can happen if given vancomycin too quickly?

How to administer?

A

High BP and Lots of pain when given IM Or IV (some others do too )

Give over 1 hour if given IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rocephin can be mixed with what before administering ? (Need approval)

What to do before administering liquid suspensions and why?

A

Mix with lidocaine

Shake Liquid suspension, overdosing will occur if you do not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What to know with pregnant women or nursing mothers and antibiotics

A

Many can cross placenta or breast milk but infants can’t metabolize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which antibiotics can counteract birth control

Use secondary bc

A

Penicillins
Tetracyclines
Rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which antibiotics increase bleeding time

What medication would be reduced at this time if patient were taking?

What else should not be taken with med? Why?

A

Cephalosporins such as keflex

Coumadin

Alcohol - can cause GI symptoms, HTN, flushing, tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What antibiotic med is inactivated by alcohol
Flagyl
26
What med permanently darken children’s teeth and is contraindicated in children or nursing mothers
Tetracyclines
27
Antibiotics that turn urine brown or orange but not harmful Which one also can turn tears/ secretions orange ? Why would a UA be done?
Flagyl Vancomycin Rifampin Rifampin Do see if kidneys were damaged if color does not go away after taking
28
How often does one take TB antibiotics What harm can be done to body?
9 plus months Can cause renal or hepatic damage
29
Which antibiotic should not wear contacts while taking?
Rifampin
30
What should people watch when taking antibiotics with Coumadin
INR levels
31
People often develop allergies to what antibiotics? What can allergies turn into?
Zosyn, penicillin , cephaloporin Anaphylaxis shock, bronchospasm, Steven Johnson’s syndrome
32
What to do if rashes or hives appear when taking antibiotics
Stop med STAT Report to provider Epinephrine and steroids are given (doctors order first) Antihistamines May control hives (Benadryl)
33
Only antibiotic that does not prolong bleeding time
Amycins
34
What to assess before and after giving an antibiotic?
Skin
35
What to know about cephalosporins ? What can cause side effects?
No alcohol ** It May cause High Bp and Emesis (Disulfiram reaction) High risk allergy Eat yogurt
36
What to know about vancomycin ? What labs to watch ? How to give?
Nerve deafness risk Watch BUN , creative, peak, trough (hard on renal)* Give via central line (hard on veins)- slowly due to risk of low bp *
37
What to know about bactrim (sulfa) Side effects?
Sunburn risk * Drink lots of water * or may get Chrystal’s in urine* Risk of high K *and low platelet
38
Macrolides? (Zmax, Biaxin) Include risk of what?
Risk of arrhythmias
39
Tamiflu (oseltamivir) What it’s for and what it can cause ??
Antiviral to limit influenza s/s Recommended in pregnant women if have flu Get flu shot if pregnant Can cause hallucinations and psychosis *
40
Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) Side effects?
Hair loss, mouth sores , nausea, fatigue, wary metapause, infection, bleeds Can be cardio/lung toxic, hepatoxic Can darken nails bladder erosion and bleeding** Drink a lot of water and take in AM
41
Tetracyclines Side effects? What to use with drug? What not to use ?
Permanently darkens teeth ** Don’t give to kids Teeth darkness is Reversible in doxycycline Use back up BC** Sunburn risk ** No minerals with drug **
42
Penicillins Side effects? What to use with drug?
High risk allergy (mold related) Epi pen and IV steroids for anaphylaxis ** Alternate BC ** Dye free benedryl **
43
Aminoglycosides What to watch for?
Nerve deafness ** risk and renal failure Report tinnitus ** Watch BUN, creatine , peak , trough **
44
Macrodantin (nitrofurantoin) Take what with med?
Take with milk ** May turn urine brown Use for Staph UTIs
45
Flagyl (metronidazole)
Fights anaerobes and Protozoa (stds) Don’t take with alcohol -inactivates ** disulfiram reaction Don’t breastfeed Can turn urine brown
46
INH isoniazid Take How long for what? Take with what to prevent neuropathy ?
Safe in OB Take with B6 (pyridoxine) to prevent neuropathy ** Expect 9 month minimum course ** Less than 1% sustain liver harms
47
Permethrin Used for what and how to use ? For how long ?
1% shampoo for lice Avoid eyes and ears Repeat in 7-10 days for lice** One time use -5% lotion for scabies leave on for 8-12 hours ** Wrap area - 1time application Sea tea tree **and lavender
48
Adriamycin (doxyrubacin) Side effects?
Hair loss, mouth sores, nausea, fatigue, early menopause, infection, bleeds Can be hard on heart, ** and hepatotoxic (liver), kidneys Darkens nails Turns urine red **
49
Methotrexate Class? Take with what?
Class X Use BC Slows cells Low WBC, platelets, RBC Take folic acid ** because it interferes with folic acid in body** Risk of liver and renal harm Take once a week
50
Steroids (decadron, solucortef and solumedrol Risks ?
Immune suppressor (infection risk) Report fever , low WBC, infection** Risk of hyperacidity and bleeding **- take with food Weight gain High K if suddenly stop drug And low K during therapy risk *(Addison’s) - High if sudden withdrawal of med Hypertension and hyperglycemia risk** Risk of fractures Avoid long term Depression risk Sodium and water retention risk (cushings)* 2 day half life
51
ACTH hormone Adrenocortitroohic hormone How it makes cortisol?
Stimulates adrenals to make cortisol ** Response will be uncertain
52
Synthroid/levothroxine S/s
T4 Essential for metabolism Cold, constipated , and nervous is overdose -highTSH ** Febrile, diarrhea, nervous- low tsh ** PTU ( propythiouracil) is the antidote
53
Desmopressin (ADH)
Causes we capture a free water from Renal tubules if blood is too concentrated Retain free water - give if at risk for dehydration * Hyponatrenia (low sodium) and cerebral edema **(brain) can occur is too much is given
54
Neupogen (filgrastim)
Causes rapid regeneration at WBCs after chemo (puts wbc back) Can cause bone and spleen pain/rupture risk * (bad bleed)
55
Benedryl / diphenhydramine
Used for rash (use dye free) Causes Somnolence (tired/sleepiness) ** Do not drink alcohol* Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth/urine retention, high pulse)* Zyrtec and Claritin do not cause drowsiness
56
Aspirin
Class C High acid and bleeding risk (increases INR)** Gastric erosion risk - take with food)** Hard on kidneys ** Hyperventilation/acidosis Nerve deafness risk** 2k mg in elderly dose limit Baby aspirin Keeps platelets slippery Do not give to children due to Reye’s syndrome **
57
PTH parathyroid hormone
Drives calcium up ** by activating D3 in the kidney to create absorption and renal recapture of calcium Effects take place in renal failure
58
Calcitonin
Produced by the thyroid Drives calcium down **into bone Lowers calcium levels Counterbalances parathyroid hormone
59
Florinef (fludrocortisone)
Fake aldosterone causes retention of sodium and low K fluid retention ** May cause edema, hypertension, and congested heart failure may follow Given to people with adrenal insufficiency to correct their high K and low sodium levels (addisons)
60
Insulin log (rapid acting) (novalog, apidra, humalog) When does it start working? When does it peak ? What might happen if given too soon before breakfast ? If given at breakfast ? Can be mixed with?
Starts working 15 minutes and peaks in one hour Might cause reaction before or during breakfast Cause reaction before lunch NpH if not already premixed
61
Short acting insulin/regular (humalin R, Novalin R) Starts working when? If given at breakfast, when would reaction occur
30 minutes Peaks in 2-3 hours Before lunch
62
What does metformin do? Is it safe? What effects can occur
Helps insulin receptors work properly It is safe in OB Lowers liver release of glucose Decrease of intestinal absorption of glucose GI side effects Stop med in renal failure Can harm kidneys ** Don’t give the day of or 2 days after contrast **
63
Wellchol (colesevelam)
Lowers lipids Must dilute to prevent constipation GI obstruction and dysphagia risk Take with meals *minimum of 4 oz of juice
64
Glucagon What it does ? Which route is best?
Causes rapid release of glucose via glycogen breakdown Subq, IM, or IV IV is best
65
Insulin lantus /long acting Peak ?
No peak - 24 hour release Reacts in middle of night due to lack of food while it works
66
Insulin NPH/intermediate acting (humalin) When does it peak
Starts working in 1-2 hours Peaks : 8-10 hours
67
Glipizide (glutatrol)
Sulfaonureas are risky in sulfa allergy ** Tells pancreases to make more insulin regardless of BS 1st dose with caution- has resulted in 450 deaths ** due to hypersensitivity ** can cause hypoglycemia
68
Incretin mimetics do what? Glutides (byetta, victoza, trulicity*) Route ? Why?
Stimulate insulin after meals Sub q - less risk of low bs The rest are oral
69
SGL2 inhibitors do what? (Flozins) Watch for? Risks?
Lock glucose in the urine Watch for low BS, UTI, yeast infections * Risk of dehydration* - push fluids!
70
Of allergic to penicillin one may be allergic to what as well?
Cephalosporins
71
When to hold florinef?
Potassium is low
72
Is cushings reversible ? Puffiness
Yes
73
What to never take with steroids
NSAIDs
74
Chemotherapy : What to do during episode of anemia
Space activities with rest
75
Chemotherapy When platelet counts are low limit what?
Risk of bleeding
76
Chemotherapy How to eat?
Small frequent meals and drink protein shakes when not hungry
77
Chemotherapy What to do when one has continuous loose stools
Limit fiber and raw veggies
78
Chemotherapy How to fight fatigue
Drink plenty of water , exercise, and naps
79
Chemotherapy What to report STAT?
S/s of infection
80
Chemotherapy How to prevent hair loss?
Cold caps
81
Chemotherapy What to do when memory fails
Ask for help
82
Chemotherapy What types of food to avoid What to eat?
Acidic Spicy Alkaline foods Alcohol To eat: broth, soda, clear liquids / jello popsicles if nauseated When nausea goes away eat: chicken, pasta, rice, potatoes, toast, crackers, hot cereal, bananas, canned fruit, yogurt
83
Chemotherapy Rinse mouth with what
Rinse mouth with 1 cup warm water and 1/8 tsp salt and 1/4 tsp soda
84
How to avoid edema
Avoid salt and elevate feet
85
What to track and report to provider
Pain triggers and sensory changes

Pharmacology-RN (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions