Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 210 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

NEOBEHAVIORISM

A

Schools of behaviorism after John Watson; common denominator is operationism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

OPERATIONISM

A

Doctrine that all theoretical terms in science should be operationally defined; promoted by physicist Percy
Bridgman.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

A

The equating of the meaning of a theoretical term with the procedure used to measure it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EDWARD TOLMAN

A

Founder of purposive behaviorism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PURPOSIVE BEHAVIORISM

A

System that focuses on goal-directed nature of behavior; forerunner to cognitive psychology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

INTERVENING VARIABLE

A

Operationally defined theoretical term useful in explaining behavior; introduced into behaviorism by Edward Tolman.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

COGNITIVE MAP

A

Mental representation of set of relations that guides behavior; proposed by Edward Tolman.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CLARK HULL

A

Dominated American psychology from 1940s to 1960s; proposed complex learning theory based on
hypothetico-deductive method.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HYPOTHETICO-DEDUCTIVE

A

Establish postulates and then deduce conclusions that can be experimentally tested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

REINFORCEMENT (Hull)

A

Strength of association between stimulus and response increases when occurrence is followed by drive
reduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HABIT STRENGTH

A

Strength of association between stimulus and response; intervening variable proposed by Clark Hull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BF SKINNER

A

Uncontested champion of behaviorism from 1950s to 1980s; advocated a functional analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

A

Study of systematic relations between environmental events and behavioral events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

OPERANT CONDITIONING

A

Frequency of a behavior changes when it produces a consequence; studied by BF Skinner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

REINFORCEMENT (Skinner)

A

Frequency of a behavior increases when it produces a consequence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE

A

Specification of how a reinforcing event is dependent on a behavior; studied by BF Skinner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

WALDEN TWO

A

Famous novel written by BF Skinner describing utopian society based on application of behavioral principles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY

A

School based on belief that whole is different than sum of its parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PHI PHENOMENON

A

Illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession; studied by Max Wertheimer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MAX WERTHEIMER

A

Co-founder of Gestalt Psychology; wrote seminal paper about phi phenomenon marking start of school.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

KURT KOFFKA

A

Co-founder of Gestalt Psychology; wrote paper leading to misconception in America that school was about
perception only.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

WOLFGANG KOHLER

A

Co-founder of Gestalt Psychology; famous for research on insightful learning in chimpanzees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PERCEPTUAL CONSTANCY

A

Perception of whole remains intact despite fluctuating sensory information from it; key concept in Gestalt
Psychology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

INSIGHTFUL LEARNING

A

Sudden ability to solve problem after perceiving relations among its parts; studied by Wolfgang Kohler.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ISOMORPHISM

A

Conscious experience is like a map of the underlying brain experience; key concept in Gestalt Psychology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PSYCHOANALYSIS

A

School that emphasizes unconscious motivation; subject matter is psychopathology; primary method is clinical observation.

27
Q

FRANZ MESMER

A

His use of magnetic therapy induced trances in patients.

28
Q

MARTIN CHARCOT and PIERRE JANET

A

Their pioneering treatment of hysteria with hypnosis shifted psychiatry from physical to mental viewpoint.

29
Q

CATHARSIS

A

Conscious expression of repressed ideas brings emotional release.

30
Q

SIGMUND FREUD

A

Founder of psychoanalysis

31
Q

JOSEF BREUER

A

His case report on Anna O played critical role in development of psychoanalysis.

32
Q

TRANSFERENCE

A

Patient develops feelings for therapist similar to feelings for significant other; first reported by Josef Breuer.

33
Q

FREE ASSOCIATION

A

Psychotherapeutic technique in which patient says whatever comes to mind; developed by Sigmund Freud.

34
Q

SEDUCTION THEORY

A

Cause of all neuroses is sexual abuse during childhood; proposed and later discarded by Sigmund Freud.

35
Q

REPRESSION

A

Unacceptable ideas are forced from conscious level and left to operate at unconscious level; key concept in
psychoanalysis.

36
Q

LIBIDO

A

Collective psychic energy associated with life instinct; proposed by Sigmund Freud.

37
Q

ID

A

Instinctual aspect of personality operating at unconscious level; proposed by Sigmund Freud.

38
Q

EGO

A

Rational aspect of personality responsible for controlling id; proposed by Sigmund Freud.

39
Q

SUPEREGO

A

Moral aspect of personality derived from internalizing values of others; proposed by Sigmund Freud.

40
Q

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

A

Ways that ego alters reality at unconscious level to reduce anxiety; proposed by Sigmund Freud.

41
Q

OEDIPUS COMPLEX

A

Boys unconsciously desire to sexually possess mother and destroy father; proposed by Sigmund Freud.

42
Q

ANNA FREUD

A

Psychoanalyst who developed ego psychology; pioneer in child analysis.

43
Q

EGO PSYCHOLOGY

A

School that expanded psychoanalysis to accept independence of ego from id.

44
Q

CARL JUNG

A

Founder of analytical psychology.

45
Q

ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY

A

School descended from psychoanalysis; emphasizes the collective unconscious and self-actualization.

46
Q

PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS

A

Reservoir of material at surface level of unconscious that can be easily recalled; proposed by Carl Jung.

47
Q

COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

A

Reservoir of material at deepest level of unconscious that contains archetypes; proposed by Carl Jung.

48
Q

ARCHETYPES

A

Emotional responses to significant life events that are inherited and reside in collective unconscious; proposed
by Carl Jung.

49
Q

ALFRED ADLER

A

Founder of individual psychology.

50
Q

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

A

School descended from psychoanalysis; emphasizes how compensatory mechanisms affect personal growth.

51
Q

SOCIAL INTEREST

A

Concern for others and society; Alfred Adler believes essential for healthy personality.

52
Q

INFERIORITY COMPLEX

A

Pathological condition resulting from inability to compensate for feelings of inferiority; proposed by Alfred
Adler.

53
Q

KAREN HORNEY

A

Psychoanalyst who stressed cultural factors as determinants personality.

54
Q

BASIC ANXIETY

A

Feelings of despair caused by parent frustrating basic needs of child; proposed by Karen Horney.

55
Q

HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY

A

School concerned with uniqueness and basic goodness of humans; started in 1960s.

56
Q

ABRAHAM MASLOW

A

Spiritual father of humanistic psychology.

57
Q

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

A

Realization of one’s full potential; key concept in humanistic psychology.

58
Q

CARL ROGERS

A

Humanistic psychologist who developed person-centered psychotherapy.

59
Q

UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD

A

Mother gives love to child without preconditions; Carl Rogers claims essential to healthy personality.

60
Q

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

A

School concerned with mental processes of knowing.

61
Q

JEAN PIAGET

A

Anticipator of cognitive psychology; viewed child development in cognitive stages.

62
Q

GEORGE MILLER

A

Pioneer in cognitive psychology; established The Center for Cognitive Studies in 1960.

63
Q

ULRIC NEISSER

A

Pioneer in cognitive psychology; wrote landmark book called Cognitive Psychology in 1967.

Psych 210 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions