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Psych 210 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

HISTORIOGRAPHY

A

Techniques and principles of conducting historical research.

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2
Q

ZEITGEIST

A

Prevailing intellectual climate.

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3
Q

PERSONALISTIC THEORY

A

Historical change is due to great persons.

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4
Q

NATURALISTIC THEORY

A

Historical change is due to Zeitgeist

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5
Q

MECHANISM

A

Living things are best understood in terms of machines.

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6
Q

DETERMINISM

A

All acts are caused.

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7
Q

REDUCTIONISM

A

Events on one level are explained in terms of events on another level.

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8
Q

EMPIRICISM

A

All knowledge is due to experience.

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9
Q

RENE DESCARTES

A

Father of modern philosophy; solution to mind-body problem was interactive dualism.

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10
Q

INNATE

A

Ideas not derived from sensory experience; proposed by Rene Descartes.

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11
Q

POSITIVISM

A

Scientific inquiry is restricted to observable facts; proposed by Auguste Comte.

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12
Q

MATERIALISM

A

Only physical things truly exist.

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13
Q

JOHN LOCKE

A

British empiricist; argued all ideas come from experience.

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14
Q

ASSOCIATIONISM

A

Complex ideas arise from linking simple ideas.

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15
Q

PRIMARY

A

Qualities of objects that exist independent of perception; proposed by John Locke.

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16
Q

SECONDARY

A

Qualities of objects that exist dependent on perception; proposed by John Locke

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17
Q

GEORGE BERKELEY

A

British empiricist; early proponent of mentalism.

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18
Q

MENTALISM

A

Perception is the only reality.

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19
Q

DAVID HUME

A

British empiricist; known as the ultimate sceptic.

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20
Q

RESEMBLANCE

A

Similarity strengthens association between ideas; proposed by David Hume.

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21
Q

CONTIGUITY

A

Proximity in time or space strengthens association between ideas; proposed by David Hume.

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22
Q

DAVID HARTLEY

A

British empiricist; began the search for biological correlates of mental events.

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23
Q

REPETITION

A

Frequent pairings strengthen association between two ideas; proposed by David Hartley.

24
Q

JAMES MILL

A

British empiricist; his work represents the culmination of associationism.

25
Q

JOHN STUART MILL

A

British empiricist; unlike father he argued mind is active in asssociation of ideas.

26
Q

MENTAL CHEMISTRY

A

Simple ideas combine to form complex ideas with emergent properties; proposed by John Stuart Mill

27
Q

SPECIFIC NERVE ENERGY

A

Each sensory nerve produces its own specific sensation; first proposed by Johannes Muller.

28
Q

CLINICAL METHOD

A

Posthumous examination of brain structures to determine cause of a behavioral disorder; developed by Paul Broca.

29
Q

EXTIRPATION

A

Destroy part of brain and observe resultant behavior change; first used by Marshall Hall and Pierre Flourens.

30
Q

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

A

Apply weak current to brain part and observe resultant behavior change; first used by Gustav Fritsch and
Eduard Hitzig.

31
Q

PHRENOLOGY

A

Shape of one’s skull reveals one’s personality; discipline founded by Franz Gall.

32
Q

HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ

A

Great scientist of 19th century; his study of human senses advanced experimental approach to psychological issues.

33
Q

ERNST WEBER

A

First to demonstrate systematic relations between physical events and mental events.

34
Q

TWO-POINT THRESHOLD

A

Smallest spatial distance at which two points of touch on body produce two distinct sensations.

35
Q

JND

A

Psychological unit designating smallest change in level of a stimulus that can be detected.

36
Q

GUSTAV FECHNER

A

Founder of psychophysics.

37
Q

ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD

A

Smallest level of a stimulus that can be detected.

38
Q

DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD

A

Smallest change in level of a stimulus that can be detected.

39
Q

PSYCHOPHYSICS

A

Scientific study of relations between physical events and mental events.

40
Q

WILHELM WUNDT

A

Founder of psychology as independent science; associated with University of Leipzig.

41
Q

VOLUNTARISM

A

School of Wilhelm Wundt based on notion of apperception.

42
Q

INTROSPECTION

A

Reflection on one’s subjective experience.

43
Q

APPERCEPTION

A

An active process by which the mind organizes elements of experience to create a wholeness of experience.

44
Q

HERMANN EBBINGHAUS

A

First to conduct experimental research on learning and memory.

45
Q

FRANZ BRENTANO

A

Founder of act psychology

46
Q

ACT PSYCHOLOGY

A

School that focuses on mental activity rather than mental content.

47
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY

A

Method of introspection that focuses on intact meaningful experience.

48
Q

OSWALD KULPE

A

Studied higher mental processes via systematic experimental introspection; founded the Wurzburg school.

49
Q

SYSTEMATIC EXPERIMENTAL

A

Method of introspection that uses retrospection about mental experience of performing a task.

50
Q

IMAGELESS THOUGHT

A

A mental action with no particular referent; proposed by Oswald Kulpe.

51
Q

STRUCTURALISM

A

School concerned with analyzing consciousness into its component parts.

52
Q

EDWARD TITCHENER

A

Founder of structuralism; associated with Cornell University.

53
Q

MARGARET WASHBURN

A

Student of Edward Titchener; first woman to earn doctorate in psychology.

54
Q

STIMULUS ERROR

A

Confusing object itself with one’s immediate experience of it.

55
Q

Titchener’s mental elements

A

Sensations, images, affective states.

56
Q

Titchener’s characteristics of mental elements

A

Quality, intensity, duration, clearness.

Psych 210 (2 decks)

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