Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 153 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

From slides Protists and Algae to Angiosperms.

1
Q

When was the Diversification of early eukaryotes?

A

During the Proterozoic time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Single-celled microscopic organisms. Eukaryotes that are not animals, fungi, plants. Most diverse of all eukaryotes.

A

Protists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the origin of Eukaryotes?

A

Cells contain membrane-bound organelles. Theory of Endosymbiosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Theory of Endosymbiosis?

A

Simple prokaryotic cell gave rise to more complex eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts formerly small prokaryotes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Host cell. cell lives within another cell

A

Endosymbiont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the the ancestors of mitochondria?

A

aerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the ancestors of chloroplasts?

A

photosynthetic prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Closest prokaryotic relatives of mitochondria

A

alpha proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Closest prokaryotic relatives of chloroplasts

A

cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Consists of Animals, fungi, plants, & variety of microorganisms.
Presence of nuclei.
Presence of cytoskeleton.

A

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Contain DNA in discrete chromosomes. Within membrane-bound compartment.

A

Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complex array of proteins.
Provides structural framework.
Tubulin and actin and other proteins.
Facilitate movement and create skeletal architecture of cell.

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Based on Ultrastructural characteristics.

• Utrastuctural identity refers to the appearance of a variety of features.

A

Protista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
lack mitochondria.
nuclear genomes have mitochondrial gene.
lost mitochondria.
multiple flagella.
two separate nuclei.
simple cytoskeleton.
no plastids.
A

Diplomonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_________________ is a specific Diplomonad. It is a parasite that infects humane intestine, which causes abdominal cramps and severe diarrhea. You can get it by drinking contaminated water.

A

Giardia lamblia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clade emerging from molecular systematic studies.

Unites dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates.

A

Aveolates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Organisms characterized by small membrane-bound cavities under cell surfaces are ________

A

Aveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

include about 3000 described species.

found in freshwater and saltwater.

important members of marine
phytoplankton.

aquatic free-floating, microscopic, photosynthetic organisms.

most are unicellular biflagellates.

A

Dinoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

about half lack photosynthetic apparatus.

ingest solid food particles or absorb dissolved organic compounds.

A

Dinoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

parasites of animals
some cause serious human diseases.
parasites disseminate.

A

Apicomplexa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

parasites disseminate tiny infectious cells called ____________.

A

sporozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

causes malaria.

A

Plasmodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

____________enters liver and then later penetrate red blood cells where they divide.

causes person to have chills and fever.

A

Plasmodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What kinds of interactions structure communities?

A

Predation (obvious part of an ecosystem).

Competition (animals compete with each other).

Symbioses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
most live as solitary cells in fresh water. highly variable and among most complex of cells.
Ciliophora (ciliates)
26
Ciliate Genetics: two types of nuclei are...
large macronucleus. several tiny micronuclei.
27
ciliates generally reproduce by _____ ______ during which macronucleus elongates and splits.
Binary Fission
28
___________ involved in sexual processes that generate genetic variation
Micronuclei
29
__________ is the shuffling of genes
Conjugation
30
reproductive cells with two different kinds of flagellae (smooth whiplash flagellum and tinsel flagellum). unicellular and multicellular forms. diatoms and brown algae.
Stramenopiles
31
unicellular or colonial organisms. | important components of phytoplankton.
Diatoms
32
Ecosystem energy budget begins with _______ __________.
Primary Production
33
produce chlorophylls a and c, as well as carotenoids.
Diatoms
34
almost entirely marine. conspicuous seaweeds of temperate, boreal, and polar waters. Found in cooler regions of the world. Also multicellular.
Brown Algae
35
microscopic forms to world’s tallest marine organisms
Kelp
36
The bottom part of Brown Algae is called the ________.
Holdfast
37
It's common life cycle is alternation of generations. | Has multicellular haploid and diploid phases.
Brown Algae
38
about 600 species. most live in marine and tropical waters (e.g. coral reefs). in addition to chlorophyl a, have phycobilins. live in dark waters.
Rhodophytes (Red algae)
39
most are filamentous. no motile cells at any stage. exceptionally complex life cycles.
Rhodophytes (Red algae)
40
Chlorophyte/streptophyte (charophyceans) is a major split within _____________.
Viridophytes
41
most of traditional “green algae” are __________.
chlorophytes
42
These are Amoebas. They are unicellular. pseudopodia allow them to move and feed. Most are free-living.
Rhizopoda
43
important branches in tree of life
Plants
44
``` autotrophic eukaryotic organisms. capable of converting light energy into chemical energy. contain chloroplasts (can’t include cyanobacteria because they are prokaryote). ```
Plants
45
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
46
What are the five major early plant lineages?
Members that are photosynthetic due to primary endosymbiosis. Members that are photosynthetic due to secondary endosymbiosis. Autotrophic eukaryotes. “Protists”.
47
Viridophytes are _____ ______
Green Plants
48
most live in fresh water. | some live symbiotically within other eukaryotes.
Chlorophytes
49
__________________________ - cells adhere in a gelatinous matrix to form mulitcellular colonies
Colonial Chlorphyceae
50
________ _______ believed to be derived from unicellular ancestors.
volvocine colonies
51
lineage leading to land plants.
Streptophytes (Charophyceans)
52
most important from standpoint of evolution of land plant life cycle – they retain egg and sometimes zygote on body of haploid plant.
Charophyceans (Charales)
53
resting embryo stage early in life of sporophyte
Embryophytes
54
What are the mulitcellular reproductive structures of Embryophytes?
Antheridia (produce sperm) Archegonia (produce eggs) Sporangia (produce spores)
55
Three major lineages are: Mosses, hornworts, liverworts. | Not monophyletic, but are paraphyletic.
Bryophytes
56
In mosses: Upright, leafy gametophyte -- ______________
Dominant phase
57
In Mosses: Haploid spores produced by ___________
Meiosis
58
Spore germinates, forms __________, which also produces one or more gametophytes.
Protonema
59
In mosses: Female gametophyte
archegonia
60
n mosses: Male gametophyte
antheridia
61
BONUS QUESTION ON TEST!!!! | Describe the Moss Life Cycle!
1. Haploid spores produced by meiosis. 2. Released from sporangium 3. Spore germinates, forms protonema 4. Protonema produces one or more gametophytes. 5. Female gametophyte -- archegonia -- egg 6. Male gametophyte -- antheridia -- sperm 7. Flagellated sperm swim to egg 8. Fusion produces zygote 9. Mitotic divisions -- zygote develops into 10. embryo -- develops into mature sporophyte
62
What where the first land plants?
Tracheophytes
63
small microphyllous leaves -- simple leaves -- with single vascular strand
Lycophytes
64
main advance differentiation between main axis and side branches leaves derived from flattened lateral branch system
Euphyllophytes
65
most familiar group -- includes group of ferns with distinctive and derived reproductive structure
Polypodiales
66
``` Builds up over years forming wood thick-walled cells resistant to decay secondary phloem does not build up phloem cells alive to be functional ```
Secondary xylem

Biology 153 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions