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Anthropology 1220 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

World view

A

An encompassing picture of reality created by members of a society

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2
Q

Metaphor

A

A form of thought and language that asserts a meaningful link between two expressions from different somatic domains

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3
Q

Metaphorical subject

A

The first part of the metaphor, which indicates the domain of experience that needs to be clarified

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4
Q

Metaphorical predicate

A

The second part of a metaphor, which suggests the familiar domain of experience that may clarify the metaphorical subject

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5
Q

Metaphorical entailments

A

All the attributes of a metaphorical predicate that relate it to the metaphorical subject

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6
Q

Metonymy

A

The culturally defined relationships of the parts of a semantic domain to the domain as a whole and of the whole to its parts

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7
Q

Key metaphors

A

Symbolic representations that are widely understood within a culture and central to that cultures world view

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8
Q

Societal metaphor

A

A key metaphor who’s predicate lies in the social order

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9
Q

Organic metaphor

A

A key metaphor who’s predicate lies in the image of a living body

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10
Q

Technological metaphor

A

A key metaphor who’s predicate lies in objects made by human beings

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11
Q

Religion

A

Ideas and practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses

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12
Q

Priest

A

A religious practitioner skilled in the practice of religious rituals, which he or she carries out for the benefit of the group

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13
Q

Transculturation

A

Cultural change resulting from contact between different cultures

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14
Q

Witchcraft

A

The practice of magic, whether intentional or not

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15
Q

Oracles

A

Invisible forces to which people address questions and whose responses they believe to be truthful

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16
Q

Magic

A

A set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible or invisible world for specific purposes

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17
Q

Syncretism

A

The synthesis of old religious practices (or an old way of life) with new religious practices (or a new way of life) introduced from outside, often by force

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18
Q

Revitalization

A

A conscious, deliberate, and organized attempt by some members of a society to create a more satisfying culture in a time of crisis

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19
Q

Nativism

A

An attempt to return to traditional customs

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20
Q

Secularism

A

The separation of religion and state

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21
Q

Social organization

A

The patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members

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22
Q

Power

A

Transformative capacity; the ability to transform a given situation

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23
Q

Social power

A

The ability to transform a situation that affects and entire social group

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24
Q

Political power

A

Social power held by a group that is in a position to affect the lives of many people

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25
Q

Commensality

A

The sharing of food - can be important and ritualized

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26
Q

Political anthropology

A

The study of social and political power in human society

27
Q

Free agency

A

The freedom of self-contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge one another for dominance

28
Q

Domination

A

Coercive rule

29
Q

Hegemony

A

A system of leadership in which rulers persuade subordinates to accept the ideology of the dominant group by offering mutual accommodations that nevertheless preserve the rulers privileged positions

30
Q

Structural power

A

Power that organizes social settings and controls the allocation of social labour

31
Q

3 levels of political power

A
  1. Visible : the defined aspects of political power
  2. Hidden: when a group with social power discretely influences decisions made on the visible level
  3. Invisible: embedded in cultural norms. Shapes beliefs making some issues, and intests invisible (worst of 3)
32
Q

Governmentality

A

The art of governing appropriate to promoting the welfare of populations within a state

33
Q

Biopower

A

Power held by a modern government over the bodies of its individual citizens and over the body of all its citizens

34
Q

Resistance

A

The power to refuse being forced against ones will to conform to someone else’s wishes

35
Q

Consensus

A

An agreement to which all parties collectively give their assent

36
Q

Persuasion

A

Power based on verbal argument

37
Q

Anomie

A

A pervasive sense of rootlessness and normlessness

38
Q

Alienation

A

The deep separation that individuals experience between their innermost sense of identity and the labour they are forced to perform to survive

39
Q

Essentially negotiable concepts

A

Culturally recognized concepts that evoke a wide range of meanings and WHOS relevance in any particular context must be negotiated

40
Q

Modernization theory

A

A theory that argues the social change occurring in non western societies under colonial rule was a necessary and inevitable prelude to higher levels of social development reached by the more modern nations

41
Q

Dependancy theory

A

Theory that argues the success of independent capitalist nations has required the failure of dependant colonies or nations

42
Q

World system theory

A

Theory that argues capitalism incorporates various regions and people’s into a world system who’s parts are linked economically but not politically

43
Q

Core

A

In world system theory -

The nations specializing in banking, finance, and skilled industrial production

44
Q

Periphery

A

In world system theory-

Those exploited farmer colonies that supply the core with inexpensive foods, goods, raw materials.

45
Q

Semi peripheral

A

In a world system theory-
States that have payed peripheral roles in the past but that now has sufficient industrial capacities and other resources

46
Q

Neoliberalism

A

A political perspective that promotes individual freedom, open markets, and free trade while opposing strong state involvement in personal and economic affairs

47
Q

Visual anthropology

A

The anthropological contribution to visual culture of ethnographic photography, film, and digital media representations of cultural data

48
Q

Stateless people

A

Non citizens even tho they are residents of (or even born in) formal state systems

49
Q

Diaspora

A

Migrant population with a shared identity who live in a variety of different locales around the world; a form of transborder identity that does not focus on nation building

50
Q

Long distance nationalists

A

Members of a diaspora who begin to organize in support of nationalist struggles in their homeland or to agitate for a state of their own

51
Q

Transborder state

A

A state in which it is claimed that those people who left the country and their descendants remain part of their ancestral state even if they are citizens of another state

52
Q

Transborder citizenry

A

A group made up of citizens of a country who continue to live in the homeland plus the people who have emigrated from the country and their descendants, regardless of their current citizenship

53
Q

Legal citizenship

A

The rights and obligations of citizenship granted by the laws of state

54
Q

Substantive citizenship

A

The actions people take, regardless of legal citizenship status, to assert their membership in a state and to bring about political change ms that will improve their lives

55
Q

Transnational nation states

A

Nation states in which the relationships between citizens and their states extend to wherever the citizens reside

56
Q

Flexible citizenship

A

Strategies employed by individuals who regularly move across state boundaries in order to circumvent and benefit from different nation state regimes

57
Q

Post national ethos

A

An attitude toward the world in which people submit to the regulations of the capitalist market while trying to evade the regulations of nation states

58
Q

Human rights

A

A set of rights that should be accorded to all human beings everywhere in the world

59
Q

Multiculturalism

A

A situation in which people of various cultural backgrounds live in close proximity to one another

60
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

The idea that some cultures dominate other cultures and that cultural domination by one culture leads inevitably to the destruction of subordinated cultures and their replacement by the culture of those in power

61
Q

Indigenization

A

The process of bringing something foreign under the control of local people or of adopting something foreign to serve local purposes

62
Q

Cultural hybridization

A

Cultural mixing that produces a new cultural form

63
Q

Cosmopolitanism

A

Being at ease in more than one cultural setting

64
Q

coloniality

A

identified and described as the present legacy of colonialism in the societies of today; manifest as the social descrimination of eurocentrism, yet also from the outlived formal colonialism integrated in succeeding social orders.

Anthropology 1220 (3 decks)

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