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RadSci222 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How many total bones are found in the adult hand and wrist?

A

27

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2
Q

What is the third bone in the proximal row of the carpals?

A

Triquetrum

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3
Q

What is the largest of the carpal bones?

A

Capitate

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4
Q

Which carpal bone forms an aspect of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint?

A

Trapezium

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5
Q

Which of the carpal bones is most commonly fractured?

A

Scaphoid

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6
Q

What is the 3rd bone on the distal row of the carpal bones?

A

capitate

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7
Q

What is the joint classification and type of movement (if it applies) of the 3rd PIP joint.?

A

Diarthrodial with ginglymus movement

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8
Q

What is the joint classification and type of movement (if it applies) of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Diarthrodial with ellipsoidal movement

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9
Q

Which joint possesses saddle type of movement? Please be specific.

A

1st carpometacarpal joint

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10
Q

What is the joint classification and type of movement for the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Diarthrodial-pivot

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11
Q

Which of the following structures contains the trochlea?

A

Distal humerus

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12
Q

Which of the following is located most inferior?

Ulna head

Radial head

Radial tuberosity

Coronoid process

A

Ulna head

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13
Q

Which of the following structures is located on the proximal ulna?

Trochlea

Capitellum

Coronoid process

Head of ulna

A

Coronoid process

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14
Q

What is the term for the lateral articulating surface of the distal humerus?

A

Capitulum

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15
Q

What is the large fossa on the posterior, distal humerus termed?

A

Olecranon fossa

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16
Q

Which specific aspect of the forearm/elbow contains the ulnar notch?

A

Distal radius

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17
Q

What is the name of the small depression located on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus?

A

Coronoid fossa

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18
Q

Which specific region of the following bones contains the olecranon fossa?

A

Distal humerus

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19
Q

Which specific region of the following bones contains the trochlear notch?

A

Proximal ulna

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20
Q

Which joints of the forearm permits pivot movement of it?

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joint

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21
Q

what 4 fractures involve the wrist or forearm.

A

Chauffeur’s
Smith
Barton’s
Colles’

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22
Q

Situation: A patient comes into radiology with a suspected Barton’s fracture. Which positioning routine would be recommended to best demonstrate this possible fracture?

A

Wrist or forearm series

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23
Q

Situation: A patient radiographed earlier had a Boxer’s fracture. A small plaster cast is placed on his hand and wrist. A complete hand series was performed using 64 kV at 2.5 mAs, 40” SID, table-top, He returns to radiology for a post-reduction hand series. Part One: Which specific region of the hand is injured with a Boxer’s fracture? Part Two: What type of positioning routine would be performed on this patient? Part Three: Would you alter your original exposure factors? If yes, what would you change?

A

Part One: Head of the 5th metacarpal. Part Two: Post-reduction series is a two projection study, PA and lateral. Part Three: Increase kVp 5 to 7 kVp. The exposure factors would be 69 to 71 kV, 2.5 mAs, 40” SID and table-top.

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24
Q

Situation: A patient enters the ER with a wrist injury. The routine wrist projections demonstrates an elevated scaphoid stripe but no fractures are detected. Which follow-up position would be indicated with this finding?

A

An ulnar deviation projection

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25
Q

Which one the following technical considerations does not apply to radiography of the hand and wrist?

High speed screens

Small focal spot

40-44” SID

Table-top procedure

A

High speed screens

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26
Q

Situation: A three-projection study of the thumb has been performed. The radiologist believes there is a Bennett’s fracture present. The 25 y/o male is the star short-stop on a local baseball team and jammed it on a hard-hit ball. The AP thumb projection is inconclusive in demonstrating the base of the 1st metacarpal. What projection would be indicated for this region and diagnose a possible Bennett’s fracture?

A

Modified Robert’s projection

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27
Q

Which of the following injuries often results in an avulsion fracture involving the PIP or DIP joint?

A

Tendon tear

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28
Q

Identify the second carpal of the distal row

A

Trapezoid

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29
Q

Where would you center the CR for an AP projection of the thumb?

A

1st MCP joint

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30
Q

Which one of the following fractures are described as a fracture of the radial articular surface due to hyper-extension of the hand/wrist?

A

Barton’s fracture

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31
Q

What specific positioning routine would be performed on a study of the 4th digit. Please be specific on the type of lateral projection performed?

A

PA, PA oblique, and lateromedial projection

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32
Q

Another term for a dislocation is

A

Luxation

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33
Q

What is the chief advantage of an AP projection of the wrist over a PA?

A

Better delineation and less distortion of the intercarpal joints

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34
Q

Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a injured elbow. He is holding it at a 90 degree flexion. When positioning it, he tells you he can’t extend it beyond 90 degrees. The doctor needs a complete, four projection study. What is your positioning routine?

A

AP, partially flexed AP-2 projections, lateral, and Coyle method for both radial head and coronoid process.

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35
Q

Situation: A child comes to radiology with a Colles’ fracture. He is in a splint that was placed on by the ER. She will only move it slightly. Part one: What is your positioning routine for this child? Part two: Do you remove the splint?

A

AP and horizontal beam lateral of the forearm. Leave the splint on because the emergency room placed it on the arm.

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36
Q

Which positioning landmarks are palpated for an AP elbow projection?

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles

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37
Q

What postion is being performed with the elbow in a 90 degree angle flexion, a 45 degree CR angle and it is directed away from the patient’s shoulder?

A

Coyle method for coronoid process

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38
Q

How many projections do you do for a foreign body

A

2

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39
Q

What is the primary growth center

A

diaphysis

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40
Q

what is the secondary growth center

A

epiphysis

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41
Q

What classification are carpal bones

A

diarthrodial - plane

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42
Q

what classification are phlanges and the elbow

A

diarthrodial - ginglymus

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43
Q

What classification is the radioulnar joint

A

diarthrodial - Pivot (

44
Q

what classification is the DIP and PIP

A

diarthrodial - ginglymus

45
Q

what classification is the MCP

A

diarthrodial - ellipsoidal

46
Q

what classification is the IP

A

diarthrodial - ginglymus

47
Q

what classification is the CMC

A

diarthrodial - plane

48
Q

what classification is the 1st CMC joint

A

diarthrodial - saddle

49
Q

what classification is the radiocarpal joint

A

ellipsoidal

50
Q

what is the name of the hook on the hamate?

A

haumlar process

51
Q

Name the carpal bones in order from proximal row to distal row

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triqieum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

52
Q

what joint classification of joint does the trapezium joint form with the first metacarpal?

A

saddle

53
Q

what is the name of the very end of the distal phalynx

A

tuft

54
Q

how much do you increase kVp with a fiberglass cast?

A

3-4

55
Q

how much do you increase kVp with a small plaster cast?

A

5-7

56
Q

how much do you increase kVp with a large plaster cast?

A

8-10

57
Q

What lateral do you use to see the individual phalanges

A

fan lateral

58
Q

what lateral do you use to see a foreign body

A

extension lateral

59
Q

what lateral do you use if the patient keeps complaining of hand pain

A

flexion lateral

60
Q

When you see an avulsion what other complication is likely to have occurred

A

tendon tear

61
Q

where is the CR aligned in a oblique projection

A

radiostilar process

62
Q

How can you isolate the pisiform in a lateral projection of the wrist

A

rotate 10 degrees posterior

63
Q

what projection can be done to replace the ulnar deviation

A

stetchers method

64
Q

what angulation is used during the stetchers method? is the angulation of the CR or the body part?

A

20 degrees of the body part, the CR is perpendicular

65
Q

What position has the fingers pulled back

A

gaynard hart method

66
Q

if the pisisform is superimposed over the hamate process what did you forget to do during positioning in the gaybard hart method

A

rotation of the hand towards the thumb (radially) 10 degrees

67
Q

What is the name of the projection that is used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

A

norgarr method or ball catchers

68
Q

why do you not do a PA projection for a forearm study

A

the proximal radius will cross over the ulna

69
Q

what rotation separates the ulna and radius

A

lateral

70
Q

what rotation superimposes the ulna and radius

A

medial

71
Q

what amount should the radius superimpose the ulna on an AP projection

A

1/3-1/2

72
Q

if the radial head is not sharp in the medial rotation the problem is what?

A

the arm is under obliqued

73
Q

what projection can be done if the patient is unable to straighten their arm from an AP of the elbow

A

partial flexion AP

74
Q

what projection can you do to replace the obliques of a elbow

A

coyle method

75
Q

what degree of angulation do you do for the CR for coyles method

A

45 degrees

76
Q

Coyles methode: CR is angled proximal what anatomy will be demonstrated

A

radial head

77
Q

coyles method: CR is angled distal what anatomy will be demonstrated

A

coronoid process

78
Q

what is the problem is the capitulum superimposed the radial head

A

flexion

79
Q

what is another name for an acute flexion projection

A

jones method

80
Q

determine if the part is on the ulna or radius or humerus

  1. trochlear notch
  2. radial notch
  3. olecronon fossa
  4. trochlea
  5. coronoid tubercle
  6. coronoid process
  7. olecranon process
  8. cornoid fossa
A
  1. u
  2. u
  3. h
  4. h
  5. u
  6. u
  7. u
  8. h
81
Q

which joint permits the forearm to rotate during pronation

A

proximal radioulnar joint

82
Q

the articular portion of the medial aspect of the distal humerus is called the

A

trochlea

83
Q

the similar structure found on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus is called the

A

capitulum

84
Q

the deep depression located on the posterior aspect of the distal humerus is the

A

olecranon fossa

85
Q

what is one of the most used projections to identify if there has been a fracture of the scaphoid bone

A

ulnar deviation

86
Q

the two main fat stripes around the wrist are

A

scaphoid and pronator

87
Q

where is the pronator fat pad located?

A

palm side of wrist

88
Q

where is the scaphoid fat pad located?

A

to the left of the scaphoid bone

89
Q

which routine projections best demonstrate the scaphoid fat pad

A

PA and oblique wrist

90
Q

which routine projection best demonstrates the pronator fat stripe

A

lateral wrist

91
Q

where is the CR centered for a PA oblique of the second digit

A

PIP

92
Q

what fracture happens to the finger that commonly results in avulsions

A

mallet

93
Q

fracture of the distal end of the 5th metacarpal

A

boxers

94
Q

what series would you perform for a boxers fracture

A

hand or digit series

95
Q

what series would you perform for a mallet fracture

A

digit

96
Q

Linear fracture along the base of the 1st metacarpal

A

Bennetts

97
Q

what series would you perform for a bennetts fracture

A

thumb

98
Q

is the base of the 1st metacarpal is unable to be seen during a thumb series, and a bennets fracture is suspected what additional projection could you perform

A

modified roberts

99
Q

how much angulation of the tube is done on a modified roberts projections

A

10-15 degrees

100
Q

Fracture of the distal radius with a free floating fragment posterior

A

colles

101
Q

fracture of the distal radius with a free floating fragment anterior

A

smiths

102
Q

distal radius styloid fracture

A

chauffers

103
Q

fracture of the articulating surface of the radius due to hyperextension. Generally a result of the scaphoid slamming into the wrist

A

bartons

104
Q

what series is done for a bartons fracture

A

wrist

105
Q

a routine wrist shows a possible scaphoid fracture what 2 projections can be done

A

ulnar deviation, or stetchers

RadSci222 (5 decks)

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