Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RadSci222 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the CR centered for a PA chest projection on an adult?

A

T-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which body habitus most often requires a landscape alignment of the image receptor (IR)?

A

Hypersthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Situation: A patient enters the ER with a pleural effusion in the right lung. He is weak but can stand. Which positions of the chest would you perform for this patient?

A

An erect PA and right lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A radiograph of a PA chest demonstrates significant asymmetry of the SC joints. The right SC joint is much farther from the mid sternum as compared to the left. Which specific positioning error is present:

A

Left side rotation or LAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A radiograph of a lateral chest demonstrate the posterior ribs are not superimposed. There is a separation of 1” (2.5 cm). What type of positioning error is present? Should this projection be repeated?

A

There is rotation of the patient. Yes, the projection should be repeated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Situation: A patient comes to the ER with severe rib injuries on the right thorax. The ER physician suspects a pneumothorax. The patient comes from an extended care facility and hasn’t stood up for two years. Which position would best demonstrate the pneumothorax?

A

Left lateral decubitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A radiograph demonstrates an oblique projection of the chest. It demonstrates that the right thorax is elongated and the left thorax is foreshorten. List both positions that would produce this radiographic appearance.

A

RPO and LAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a possible mass under the left clavicle. The PA and left lateral projections are inconclusive. The patient has equilibrium issues and gets dizzy when leaning backwards. What projection could you perform that would demonstrate this possible mass?

A

AP semi-axial with a 15 to 20 degree cephalic CR angle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Situation: This patient may have inhaled a marble in the airway. Which projections would be performed to determine if the foreign body is in the airway or esophagus?

A

PA and left lateral erect positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where would you center the CR for an AP portable chest projection?

A

3-4 inches below jugular notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following structures is not within the mediastinum?

  1. heart
  2. thymus
  3. great vessels
  4. thyroid
A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following pathologies of the chest is when free air enters the pleural space and prevents normal expansion of lung?

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Situation: A patient enters the ER due to chest trauma. She is a 36 y/o ambulatory female. The erect PA and Left lateral are taken. The PA reveals a small possible pneumothorax near the right apex. But the physician is unsure. What additional projections can be taken to rule-out a small pneumothorax?

A

Inspiration and expiration PA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Situation: A patient enters the ER with a know history of situs inversus. A pre-operative chest exam is order. The patient can stand and is ambulatory. Which positioning routine would be ideal for this patient?

A

PA and right lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the upper, rounded region of the chest?

A

Apices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name of the structure that prevents aspiration of food and fluids into the larynx?

A

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the structures found in the mediastinum

A

Heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, great vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which structure of the respiratory system is common to both air and food?

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which bony structure is palpated and located at C7

A

Vetebra prominens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following structures is located most inferior?

Apices
Hilum
Carina
Costophrenic angle

A

Costophrenic angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List the two layers of the pleura

A

parietal and pulmonary (visceral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List three of the great vessels of the chest

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, Aorta, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which vertebral level does the xiphoid process (tip) correspond?

A

T9-10, 9th or 10th thoracic vertebral level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which side is elongated for LPO, RPO, LAO and RAO

A

LPO - Left
RAO - left
RPO - Right
LAO- Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When there is possible fluid in the lungs, the affected side is _____, when there is free air the affected side is ______

A

down, up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is TB

A

Airborne disease from bacteria Myobacterium Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How can you tell on a radiography that a patient has TB

A

You can see an enlarged hilar region on the lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Who is affected by primary and secondary TB?

A

primary - children

secondary - adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is atelectasis

A

lung collapse as a result of obstruction of bronchi or puncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

True or false - Atelectasis is life threatening

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How do you distinguish between atelectasis and pneumothorax

A

atalectasis - mediostinal is pushed toward the collapsed lung
Pneumothorax - mediostinal is pushed away from the collapsed lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the key indicators consistent of diagnosis for atelectasis ?

A

radiodense region of collapsed lungs, mediostinal shift towards the collapsed lung, elevation of the diaphragm on the side of the collapsed lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

If a patient can stand what position would you use for diagnose an atelectasis ?

A

PA and an affected side lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

If a patient cannot stand what position would you use for diagnose an atelectasis ?

A

decubitus with affected side up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is a pneumothorax?

A

air or gas in the pleural cavity, which can cause full or partial lung collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what are the most common reasons for a pneumothorax

A

COPD or trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Patient has a suspected pneumothorax, patients pain is on the right side, the patient can stand, what position would you radiograph?

A

PA and right lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Patient has a suspected pneumothorax, patients pain is on the right side, the patient cannot stand, what position would you radiograph?

A

Left lateral decubitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

With a patient with COPD what is the shape of the diaphragm ?

A

diaphragm is flattened

41
Q

what does pleural thickening indicate in asbestosis

A

Early stages of the disease

42
Q

what is pulmonary adenocarcinoma

A

malignant cancer cells in mucus producing glands of the lungs.

43
Q

What is the most common lung cancer for non smokers

A

pulmonary adenocarcinoma

44
Q

what percentage of lung cancers are pulmonary adenocarcinoma ?

A

40%

45
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

Genetic disease that produces thick/stick mucus that blocks air

46
Q

what is epiglottitis

A

bacterial or viral inflammation of the epiglottis, which swells and blocks airways

47
Q

What famous person died of epiglottitis

A

George Washington

48
Q

what position is performed to diagnose epiglottitis

A

AP and horizontal beam lateral of C-spine

49
Q

what is pleural effusion

A

Excess fluid build up in the lungs

50
Q

what positions are performed for a pleural effusion of a patient who can stand?

A

PA and affected side lateral

51
Q

what positions are performed for a pleural effusion of a patient who cannot stand?

A

decubitus with affected side down

52
Q

What is RDS?

A

Respiratory distress syndrome (AKA hyaline membrane disease)

53
Q

What is the result of RDS

A

Lungs are not able to produce surfactant in premie babies

54
Q

What position is performed for RDS

A

AP supine

55
Q

What drug is given to neonates to treat RDS and improve lung tissue elasticity

A

surfactant (replacement therapy)

56
Q

what is the current term for Hyline membrane disease

A

RDS

57
Q

a partial or complete collapse of a lung is called?

A

atelectasis

58
Q

the patient is diagnosed with a complete atelectasis of the left lower lobe. the patient cannot stand. which alternative would you perform beyond the routine chest projection

A

Right lateral decubitus

59
Q

cystic fibrosis is what type of disease

A

genetic

60
Q

what is the radiographic sign for epiglottitis

A

the thumb sign

61
Q

Patient comes in with dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. Pain is on the right side. What are some possible positions you could do to see the gases correctly?

A

PA, right lateral, or left lateral decubitus

62
Q

If a patient had right atelectasis, what die would you do a decubitus on?

A

Left

63
Q

What is a partial or complete collapse of the lung called?

A

atelectasis

64
Q

Patient diagnosed with a complete atelectasis of the left lower lobe and cant stand. What position would you do ?

A

Left lateral decubitus

65
Q

What views are used to compare for a pneumothorax?

A

inspiration/expiration

66
Q

When a foreign body has blocked an airway, which way will the mediastinal are shift?

A

toward the blockage

67
Q

What is the anatomical name:

  1. Breastbone
  2. adams apple
  3. shoulder blade
  4. voice box
  5. collarbone
A
  1. Sternum
  2. Thyroid cartilage
  3. Scapula
  4. Larynx
  5. Clavicle
68
Q

The 7th cervicle vertebrae is known as?

A

vertebra prominens

69
Q

a notch, or depression, located on the superior portion of the sternum is called the?

A

jugular notch

70
Q

The trachea bifurcates and forms the

A

Right and left bronchi

71
Q

a specific prominence, or ridge, found at the point where the internal distal trachea divides into the right and left bronchi is called the?

A

Carina

72
Q

The are of each lung where the bronchi and blood vessels enter and leave is called the?

A

Hilum

73
Q

The structures within the lung in which oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange occurs are called

A

alveoli

74
Q

Which of the following is not an aspect of the pleura

  1. parietal pleura
  2. pleural cavity
  3. hilar pleura
  4. pulmonary pleura
A

hilar pleura

75
Q

The condition in which blood fills the potential space between the layers of pleura is called ?

A

hemothorax

76
Q

the extreme, outermost lower corner of each lung is called the

A

costophrenic angles

77
Q

which structure is not found in the mediastinum

  1. thymus gland
  2. heart and great vessels
  3. epiglottis
  4. trachea
A

epiglottis

78
Q

a narrow thorax that is shallow from the front to back but very long in the vertical dimension is characteristic of

A

Asthenic

79
Q

what is the best kV and SID level for an adult chest

A

125 kV and 72”

80
Q

What kV is recommended for a young pediatric patient

A

70-85

81
Q

which of the following is not a valid reason to perform a chest projection with the patient in the erect position

  1. to reduce patient dose
  2. to demonstrate air and fluid levels
  3. to allow the diaphragm to move down farther
  4. to prevent hyperemia of pulmonary vessels
A

to reduce patient dose

82
Q

why are the shoulders pressed downward and toward the IR for a PA projection of the chest

A

to reduce patient chest rotation

83
Q

why are the shoulders rolled forward during a PA chest projection

A

to remove scapulae from the lung fields

84
Q

Where is the central ray placed for an AP supine projection of the chest?

A

3-4” below the jugular notch

85
Q

what is the medical name for shortness of breath

A

dyspnea

86
Q

a condition in which all or a portion of the lung is collapsed.

A

atelectasis

87
Q

a condition in which excessive fluid builds in the lungs as a result of obstruction of the pulmonary circulation is termed

A

pulmonary edema

88
Q

a sudden blockage of an artery in the lung is called

A

pulmonary emboli

89
Q

manual analog exposure factors for a patient with a large pneumothorax should

A

be reduced

90
Q

a PA chest shows that the left sternoclavicular joint is superimposed over the spine. What positioning error has occurred

A

LAO rotation

91
Q

A PA chest demonstrates 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm. Is this an acceptable degree of inspiration

A

yes

92
Q

a PA and lateral chest study has been completed. The PA projection shows the right costophrenic angle was collimated off, but both angles are included on the lateral projection. Would you repeat?

A

yes

93
Q

a lateral chest radiograph demonstrates the soft tissue of the upper limbs is superimposed over the apices of the lungs. How can this situation be prevented?

A

raise upper limbs higher

94
Q

a lateral chest shows that the posterior ribs and costophrenic angles are separated by approximately 1/2 inch should the image be repeated?

A

no

95
Q

A radiography of an AP lordotic projection shows that the clavicles are projected within the apices. The clinical instructor informs the student that the study is unacceptable, but during the repeat exposure the patient complains of being too unsteady to lean backward, what other options are available if the student want to complete the study?

A

AP semi- axial projection with a 15-20 degree cephalic angle

96
Q

an ambulatory patient with a clinical history of advanced emphysema enters the emergency room. The patient is having difficulty breathing and is receiving oxygen. The physician has ordered a PA and lateral chest study. Should the technologist alter the typical exposure factors for this patient.

A

yes. Decrease the exposure factors

97
Q

a patient enters the ER with an injury to the chest. The ER physician suspects a pneumothorax may be present in the right lung. the patient is unable to stand or sit erect. Which specific position or projection can be performed to conform the presence of the pneumothorax

A

left lateral decubitus

98
Q

a PA and lateral chest study show s suspicious mass located near the heart in the right lung. The radiologist would like a radiograph of the patient in an anterior oblique position to delineate the mass from the heart. Which position should the tech use ?

A

LAO (60 degrees)

99
Q

a patient with a history o f pulmonary edema comes to the radiology department and is unable to stand. The physician suspects fluid in the left lung. Which projection should be used to confirm this diagnosis

A

Left lateral decubitus

RadSci222 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions