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Nutrition For Diet And Exercise > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ergogenic aid?

A

Ergogenic aids are any external influences that can be determined to enhance performance in high-intensity exercises.

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2
Q

Medications can have negative effect on nutrition status without directly causing any type of drug interactions with food or nutrients. Be able to provide at least 2 examples of medication side effects that can diminish dietary intake.

A

Altered taste/smell
Decreased production of saliva/dry mouth
Diarrhea or constipation
Nausea or vomiting
Bloating or cramping
Sedation, drowsiness, confusion
Increased appetite, leading to overeating

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3
Q

Be able to provide 2 different examples of drugs (class of drug is ok too) and their interaction with nutrients. I.e., what do these drugs do to nutrient absorption, etc?

A

Iron absorption increases with vitamin C consumption

Folate absorption decreases with alcohol consumption

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4
Q

• Tetracycline (antibiotic) and Calicum….. what about the two?

A

Ca in foods binds to the drug and forms an insoluble compound (rendering it uneffective)

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5
Q

• Is caffeine an effective ergogenic aid? What are the physiological effects of caffeine?

A

Caffeine IS an ergogenic aid.

Stiumulates the release of epinephrine (adrenaline) from the adrenal glands

increased force of muscle contraction

stimulates the central nervous system

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6
Q

Are there health problems associated with use of ephedra? If so, what?

A

Associated adverse health effects
Adverse psychiatric effects
Psychosis and hallucinations
Severe depression, suicidal ideation
Seizures
Heart arrhythmias and cardiac arrest
Sudden death
Caffeine magnifies these effects

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7
Q

Is sodium bicarbonate an effective ergogenic aid? If so, what are the benefits? What type of athlete would it most likely benefit? Are there any issues with consuming sodium bicarbonate?

A

Yes, sodium bicarbonate is an effective ergogenic aid.

Sodium bicarbonate supplementation delays the build-up of lactic acid
Numerous support for an ergogenic effect on exercise tasks dependent on the lactic acid system
400 to 800-meter runs KNOW FOR EXAM
5-kilometer bicycle races

it may cause GI distress (diarrhea) if taken over the recommended amount
Excessive doses could lead to alkalosis, with symptoms of irritability; possible muscle spasms

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8
Q

What supplement has the most research supporting its potential to help increase mm mass and weight gain during a resistance-training program?

A

Anabolic/androgenic steroids (AAS)

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9
Q

Be able to compare and contrast the effects of testosterone and AAS versus DHEA and androstenedione, as ergogenic aids for the development of mm mass and strength. Are there health risks with either? If so, what are they?

A

AAS works to increase muscle mass and strength, DHEA doesn’t.

Numerous health risks involved with AAS, including masculinization in women and femininization in men.

DHEA may impair lipid metabolism (decrease HDL, increase LDL), increased estrogen levels, possible link with prostate cancer

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10
Q

How are exercise and body temperature associated?

A

Central neural fatigue caused by increase in brain temperature
Cardiovascular strain caused by changes in blood circulation
Muscle metabolism changes caused by increased muscle temperature
Dehydration caused by excessive sweat losses

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11
Q

What can you tell me about the intestinal absorption of water?

A

glucose helps water to be absorbed, as does adequate sodium in the intestines

Consuming highly concentrated sugary drinks doens’t allow water to be absorbed–dumping syndrome

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12
Q

What hormone helps in the conservation of body water?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (vasopressin, ADH)

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13
Q

Should salt or potassium supplements be taken? If so, when? Why?

A

No. Increased salt may be recommended during acclimatization to exercise in the heat. Excess potassium is not recommended and dangerous.

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14
Q

What changes happen following acclimatization to exercise in heat?

A

once exercise is stopped, the risk of developing exertional heat stroke is reduced because exercise-induced metabolic heat production decreases and heat dissipation to the environment increases.

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15
Q

What are the guidelines that will reduce one’s chance of suffering a heat injury?

A

Early recognition, rapid cooling, drink plenty of fluids, watch electrolytes

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16
Q

What condition is caused by excessive loss of sweat during exercise in the heat? Why is it of concern?

A

Dehydration, quickly leads to fatigue

17
Q

What’s the best way to replenish lost of electrolytes through sweat on a day-to-day basis?

A

Normal diet will help maintain electrolyte levels
Adding salt to meals may help when sweat losses are high

18
Q

Three factors that contribute to heat injuries are??

A

Exhaustion, hyperthermia, dehydration

19
Q

What is the most potentially dangerous heat illness?

A

Heat stroke

20
Q

What is normal blood glucose? What BG level is diagnostic of DM?

A

a. Normal is less than 100mg/dl. Diagnostic would be >126mg/dl

21
Q
  1. Diabetics are prone to infections due to what circumstances?
A

a. Impaired circulation, accelerated atherosclerosis

22
Q
  1. Type 2 diabetes is associated with what? What’s the difference between Type 1 and Type 2? KNOW!!
A

a. Obesity, lifestyle
b. Beta cells in pancreas are destroyed in type 1, in type 2, it’s about insulin insensitivity

23
Q
  1. Risk factors for Type 2 DM. Which ones are controllable?
A

a. Obesity, family history

24
Q
  1. What are some recommendations for reducing the risk of developing DM?
A

a. Exercise regularly, watch sugar intake, eat high fiber foods, eat low GI foods to increase insulin sensitivity

25
Q
  1. DM describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by what?
A

Lack of insulin

26
Q
  1. What is hypoglycemia? What is it frequently caused by?
A

a. Low blood sugar
b. Excessive insulin, prolonged exercise, skipped meals, alcohol without food, inappropriate management

27
Q
  1. Are diabetics at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? If so, why?
A

a. Yes, because they have small blood vessels, increased chance for atherosclerosis

28
Q
  1. What is the MOST important goal for both medical and nutrition therapy for diabetes?
A

a. Maintain desireable BG levels, manage weight, EXERCISE

29
Q
  1. What are the recommendations regarding CHO in the diabetic diet?
A

High fiber, whole grain

Nutrition For Diet And Exercise (3 decks)

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