TEST #3 Flashcards
when did Buddhism come to China
~1st c. CE
exegetical schools
traditions of practice, focused on exegesis (interpretation of religious texts)
Bodhidharma
28th patriarch, 1st in China
only record of him in text about temples
6 texts attributed to him
four practices from bodhidharma
- non-retribution of enmity
- be unmoved by circumstance
- absence of craving
- accordance w dharma
Hui-ko
2nd patriarch of China
found Bodhidharma meditating in cave for 9 years and cut off his arm to give it to him
“my mind is not pacified”
Seng-tsan
3rd patriarch, maybe fake
Tao-shin
4th patriarch, teacher of Hung-Jen
Hung-Jen
5th patriarch
student of Tao-shin
lived in the east mountain- 1st Chan monestary
Shen-hsui
6th patriarch
exiled over debate between monks and emperor
but relationship w Empress Wu
Empress Wu
claimed she was bodhisattva and brought Shen-hsui back to teach her and be her priest
Pu-chi
7th patriarch
Shen-hui
claimed that Shen-hsui was not the 6th and that Pu-chi was not the 7th
said Hui-neng was the 6th and that he was the disciple and the 7th
2 claims of Shen-hui
- said bowl and robe of teacher was symbol of transmitted dharma
- introduced idea of sudden enlightenment
sudden enlightenment according to Shen-hui
perfect practice passed in lineage would enable you to become buddha when you hear the true teaching
sudden enlightenment followed by gradual practice
the perfect practice
highest level of practice for highest level bodhisattvas, leads to immediate enlightenment
the golden age of ch’an
9th and 10th century
3rd period of Chan in China
people fabricated connections to Hui-neng to confirm their value and made new conception of sudden enlightenment
shock chan
sudden enlightenment and sudden practice
collected sayings literature
written in 10th c about the 9th
stories of teachers doing sudden practices (Rinzai)
live words
main form of literature during the period
rhetorical purity
in order to present oneself as a zen teachers, practice sudden enlightenment exclusively
Rinzai school
emerged in 10th
Linchi school
5 houses of Chan
only 2 still exist
Rinzai and Soto/Tsao-tung
Rinzai in 12th century
known for meditation technique = koans/kung-an
koans
difficult zen riddle
1700 exist
breakthrough koan
the first one you solve, get glimpse of enlightenment
Joshu’s Mu
monk asked if fog has a Buddha’s nature, and Joshu says “mu”
sesshin meditation
20+ hours
can last 7 days
7 day meditation retreat
sanzen/dokusan
meeting or interview with zen teacher
3 essentials of koan practice
- great faith (in zen teachings, that you can be enlight.)
- great doubt
- great determination
kensho
pre-liminary glance at enlightenment
satori
complete enlightenment, stays for life
hakuin
formalized and compiled koan system
zazen
searching for satori through unifying body and mind
manifestation of enlightenment
longer deeper breathing
controlled mind
tsampa
Tibetan grain
Lhasa
Tibetan capital city
Yarlung Dynasty
feudal
3 religious kings responsbile for bringing Buddhism to Tibet
Songstem Gampo
avalokiteshava
great bodhisattva of compassion
couldve attained Buddhahood, stayed in samsara out of compassion
Trisong Detsem
became Buddhist
wanted to establish Buddhism in Tibet
brought 2 Buddhist masters to Tibet: Shantarakshita and Padmasamakha
Padmasamkha
master of Tantric Buddhism
Relpachen
taxed people heavily
ngadar
old period, first half of the dark period
chidar
newer period, second half of dark period
Nyingma school
old traditional
based on texts translated during ngadar
sarma school
new
eg. Kadampa, Sakya, Kagyu, Geluk, Ngadar
tulku system
great bodhisattvas have power to choose where theyre reborn
eg. Karmapa left instructions on where he’d be reborn
he was the first recognized Tulku
lasted 50 years
tulku
reincarnated lama
different schools have different ways of recognizing or confirming tulku
godan khan
successor of Genghis Khan of mongolian empire
calls Sakya Pandita (head of Sakya school) and makes deal to let him continue rule in tibet in exchange for being his priest
tsong khapa
originally a sakya, then estavblished geluk school
had disciple genden druba
genden druba
essentially the 1st Dalai Lama
reincarnated as Genden Gyatso
Genden Gyatso
2nd Dalai
reincarnation of genden druba
sonam gyatso
1st dalai lama but considered 3rd because reincarnation
got attention of altan khan, who started a patron-priest relationship with sonam gyatso
gave him the title dalai (ocean of wisdom)
5th dalai lama
The Great Fifth
first to rule Tibet after uniting Tibetan with uniting Tibet with Mongolian help of Gushru Khan
claimed to be reincarnation of Avalokiteshava
built potala palace
potala palace
name of mountain where avalokiteshava lived
built by 5th dalai lama
13th DL
pushed for modernization
was able to take over leadership of tibet till 1933
retang
ruled as regency
14th DL
escaped to India with his followers and established a government in exile
advocates non violent resistance
self immolation
setting self on fire
protest chinese rule
current karmapa
17th
part of kagyu school
current dalai
14th
part of geluk school
vajyrayana
Tibetan path to Buddhism
attain Buddhahood in this life
use desire
deity yoga
form of meditation focused primarily on specific supernatural beings
step 1: abhisheka/empowerment
abhisheka
empowerment or initiation
need guru
ritual with steps
yoga tantra
“path of the result”
preliminary vision, then envision Buddha, envision him dissolving, his essence going into you through crown of your head- you become buddha
mantra
piece of text that has inherent power
eg. Atharvaveda- “om mami padme hum”
mandala
circular or square design that you use to visualize
Buddha palace from above
practice ability to visualize at will
highest yoga tantra
bring winds to one’s central channel
2 phases: generation and completion
generation phase
develop familiarity with the mind of clear light and manipulate the winds in body to unlock this mind
completion phase
do sexual yoga in order to cause the mind of clear light to dawn in a powerful way and use the familiarity generated in the generation phase to be able to recognize it
pneumatic body
channels of air in body
chakras
where side channels cross over the central
drops in the channel
red= blood
white=semen
moments you get tathagatagharba
- death
- orgasm
- dreams
- sneezing
- meditation
body land prostrations
to accumulate merit and cleanse
could take 8 days
Dzogchen
the great perfection, form of Vajrayana
system of thought, developed within Nyingma
says universe has beginning
terma
hidden teaching
way for nyigma to unfold new teachings
terton
someone that discovers terma
said to be incarnation of one of the 25 disciples of padmasambhava
dzogchen story of the universe
- mind fo clear light in heart and covered by delusion and anger
- winds of knowledge begin to stir and seal breaks, 5-coloured light emerges
- 5-coloured light forms into complex energy
- appearance of subject and object manifest
- recognition or failure
- if recognition- rainbow coloured body
youthful vase body
“the ground”
contains 5-coloured light or rainbow light
vase because it holds the light
recognition
object and subject recognize as the same, attain Buddhahood ASAP
deep realization that objects are your own nature
result: Primordial Buddha
Primordial buddha
Samantabhadra
failure to recognize
mind doesnt recognize object as its own nature
result: panic, change or hardening of the object
tangka/than
painting on cotton or silk
tara
incarnation of avalokiteshava
female Buddha
born from Ava’s tears
wrathful Buddha
demonic
our false belief of self
karmapa
wear black hats
hair of dacanees
