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BUDDHISM > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 fold community

A
  1. bhisku
  2. bhikshuni
  3. upasakas
  4. upasikas
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2
Q

5 precepts

A
  1. killing
  2. stealing
  3. improper sexuality
  4. lying
  5. alcohol
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3
Q

who follows just the 5 precepts?

A

upasakas or upasikas

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4
Q

bhikshu

A

monks

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5
Q

bhikshuni

A

nuns

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6
Q

two types of monks

A
  1. novices= shramanera

2. fully ordained

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7
Q

10 precepts

A

first 5 of 5

  1. eating after noon
  2. dancing, singing, music, shows
  3. wearing garlands, perfumes, cosmetics
  4. lying on high or luxurious beds
  5. handling gold or silver

*followed by shramaneras

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8
Q

what do the fully ordained monks follow?

A

10 precepts + pratimoksha

can go back to lay person if desired

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9
Q

can’t eat meat if

A

it was seen
it was heard
it was suspected

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10
Q

3 refuges

A

in order to become buddhist, take refuge in the following:

  1. Buddha
  2. Dharma
  3. Sangha
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11
Q

pratimoksha

A

list of rules governing monastics

227 rules for monks
250 rules for nuns

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12
Q

parajika

A

follow these parts of the pratimiksha or get kicked out:

  1. no having sex
  2. no killing a human
  3. no falsely claiming religious attainments
  4. no stealing

found in the vinaya

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13
Q

sangha

A

monastic community of bhikshus and bhikshunis

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14
Q

other less important pratimoksha rules

A

what robes to wear, how big your hut can be, procedural rules about who can be ordained

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15
Q

nagas

A

cant be ordained

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16
Q

bhikshunis (nuns)

A

follow the 8 heavy rules

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17
Q

8 heavy rules

A

rules in addition to the pratimoksha and precepts that subordinate nuns to monks

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18
Q

to ordain nuns

A

need to have nuns present, none can currently be ordained

died out in 11th century

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19
Q

10 precept nuns

A

women that still want to be nuns that devote their lives to religious practices, follow the 10 precepts even though they cant be ordinated

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20
Q

great schism

A

the split of buddhism into two original schools: mahasanghika and sthavira

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21
Q

mahasanghika

A

“Great Sangha”

“Great Assembly”

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22
Q

Sthavira

A

“Elders”

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23
Q

nikayas

A

schools of Buddhism

18

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24
Q

tripitika

A

texts of Buddhism, the “3 baskets”

  1. sutrapitika
  2. vinayapitika
  3. abhisharmapitikia

was passed down orally, written down in 1st or 2nd century BCE

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25
Q

sutrapitika

A

sutras
dialogues between people and the buddha
~9000 exist
longest is 50p

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26
Q

vinayapitika

A

vinaya

rules and the stories of how these rules formed

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27
Q

abhidharmapitika

A

abhidharma

buddha philosophy

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28
Q

anada

A

Buddha’s disciple with an amazing memory, second in the lineage of patriachs (?)
repeated the Buddha’s teachings to the monks

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29
Q

Theravada

A

school of Buddhism
in Sri Lanka, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand/Siam

said to preserve the Sthavira school

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30
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

“the great vehicle”

one of 2/3 currently-existant branches of Buddhism

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31
Q

main aspects of Mahayana

A
  1. sense of limitations /incompleteness in early Buddhism

2. important of the bodhisattva

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32
Q

bodhisattva

A

person destined to become a Buddha in a future life

train by learning everything about everything

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33
Q

Dipamkana Buddha

A

predicted a braham would be the next Budda and gave him prediction

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34
Q

Jataka story

A

stories of the Buddha’s life as a bodhisattva

35
Q

2 criteria to be a bodhisattva

A
  1. make a vow to be a Bod in Buddha’s presence

2. have the Buddha’s prediction

36
Q

UNO

A

PM of Burma post WWII
claimed to be vowed to be a bohisattva

as PM, evaluated Buddhist texts, made Buddhism the state religion and outlawed killing cattle
earned merit for his actions

37
Q

act of truth

A

determines if someones a Bodhisattva

38
Q

Mahayana sutras

A

1st c BCE
expanded teachings- new worlds, philosophies, stories of bodhisattva

the secret teachings previously revealed to bodhisattvas, oriented toward them
EVERYONE WHOP BELIEVES IN THESE TEXTS IS A BODHISATTVA

39
Q

two theories of the start of mahayana

A
  1. compassion/lay-origin

2. hard core ascetic/forest

40
Q

the wrong question

A

why would people willingly undertake the long hard path of the bodhisattva?

41
Q

compassion/lay-origin

A

people wanted to become bodhisattva to help others

motivated in selflessness, for the well-being of others

42
Q

hardcore ascetic/forest theory

A

wanted to gain the highest honour is Buddhism

largest sum of merit would come from being a bodhisattva/Buddha so it was worth it for that reason

43
Q

bodhisattva path

A 
10 stages:
1. first thought of attaining buddhahood
2-7
8. prediction and vow
9-10
44
Q

but, why was the original question the wrong one?

A
  1. headstart
  2. shortcuts

it is not a hard path to buddhahood due to these things

45
Q

headstart

A

text-based

if you read Mahayana texts, you start at the 8th step of 10 on the bodhisattva path

46
Q

shortcuts

A
  1. anumodana
  2. text-based shortcuts
  3. pure-land practices
47
Q

anumodana

A

rejoicing
shortcut of the bodhisattva path

make good karma by rejoicing at the good deeds of others

i.e. picture all the merit of all the Buddhas in the world

48
Q

Tushita heaven

A

aim to make enough merit to get reborn here, and then born as Buddha in the next

49
Q

text-based shortcuts

A

memorize Mahayana texts, listen to them being read, pay for its production

generates a lot of karma

50
Q

pure-land practices

A

different worlds with buddhas in them

specifically special worlds

51
Q

sukhavati

A

pure land, “land of pleasure”

Buddha there is named Amitabha/Amitayus

52
Q

Amitabha

A

“unlimited splendour”

53
Q

Amitayus

A

“unlimited life”

54
Q

Amitabha/Amitayus

A

vowed his land would be full of luxury

no sun in the world because he would radiate enough light

55
Q

2 ways to make rapid progress to Buddhahood there

A
  1. magical power if born there to travel to other Buddha lands and get merit
  2. you can hear any sutra you want to hear
56
Q

how do you get born there?

A

call amitayus 10 times
memorize text
follow the precepts

57
Q

2 things mahayana sutras cover?

A
  1. idea of bodhisattva

2. Buddha’s secret teachings, oriented toward bodhisattva

58
Q

dharmabhanakas

A

revealers of the texts, special mahayana preachers

claimed to be the bodhisattvas that died after the buddha told them the secret teachings

59
Q

Chinese mahayana monks follow

A

Dharmaguptika tradition

60
Q

Tibetan mahayana monks follow

A

Mulasarvastivada tradition

61
Q

Mahayana is in which countries:

A

China, East Asia, Tibet

62
Q

Theravada is in which countries:

A

Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma/Myanmar

63
Q

shastras

A

analytic texts- raising q’s and answering them
other Buddhist sects wrote shastras but newer to Mahayana, followed sutras

attempt to create precise, systemic doctrines

64
Q

nagarjuna

A

“the second Buddha”
composed the first shastras

created the school MADHYAMAKA (the middle school)
referred to as the “refutation of all views”

65
Q

middle way

A

recognizing the dharmas are truly existant but items like tables/chairs conventionally exist

66
Q

Dravyasat

A

“ultimately/truly existant”

eg. dharmas

67
Q

Samvrtisat

A

“conventionally existant”
only exists as matter of thing people agree on

eg. table, chairs, people etc.

68
Q

emptiness

A

shunyata
becomes samvrtisat with our mind

directly recognizing empitness, can put an end to delusion

69
Q

samvrtisat in madhyamaka

A

tables, chairs, people + DHARMAS

70
Q

2 truths of the middle way

A
  1. ultimate

2. convention

71
Q

svabhava

A

idea that Dharmas have own existance

denied by Madhyamaka- said we cannot understand reality with our minds

72
Q

yogacara

A

school?

mind only, everything is just mind
say something is empty and therefore must be empty of something

believe we perceive the same things with different minds because we have the same karma

in emptiness there is ONLY mind

73
Q

tathagatagarbha

A

3rd to 4th century

influential in Zen and Tibetan buddhism
mind of clear lit

74
Q

tathagata

A

term used to refer to the Buddha

“the thus come on”

75
Q

garbha

A

embryo or womb

76
Q

Zen/Chan buddhism

A

form of Chinese Buddhism

77
Q

DT Suzuki

A

most influential scholar of Buddhism
came to the World Parliament of Religions

came with Zen Master Soyen Shaku

wrote “Essays in Zen Buddhism”, 3 volumes
lead in getting people to see Buddhism as religion of enlightenment/mediation/looking inward instead of rational system of morality

said zen represents the true essence of Buddhism, and true origin

78
Q

Dhyana

A

meditation in Sanskrit

original name of zen

79
Q

main elements of zen

A
  1. meditation
  2. enlightenment= psychological change, change how we see the world. comes from meditation, enlightened persons would have personal powers
80
Q

lineage of patriarchs

A

direct lineage of teachers in zen that goes back to the time of buddha
buddha appointed successor in secret- MAHAKASHYAPA

81
Q

MAHAKASHYAPA

A

smiled when Buddha picked up flower, everyone else was confused
so Buddha transmitted hum the Dharma

82
Q

the lineage: numbered

A
  1. Mahakashyapa
  2. anada
    ……
  3. bodhidharma (1st patriach in china)
83
Q

lineage in china

A
  1. bodhidharma
  2. hu-ko
    …
  3. hui-heng= transferred Dharma to many
84
Q

2 claims to defend that religion wasn’t irrelevant

A
  1. religion is/was the sphere or ethics
  2. religion could give a unique experience
    i. e. contemplative prayer to obtain profound religious experience in Christianity

BUDDHISM (2 decks)

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