Test #2 Flashcards
4 fold community
- bhisku
- bhikshuni
- upasakas
- upasikas
5 precepts
- killing
- stealing
- improper sexuality
- lying
- alcohol
who follows just the 5 precepts?
upasakas or upasikas
bhikshu
monks
bhikshuni
nuns
two types of monks
- novices= shramanera
2. fully ordained
10 precepts
first 5 of 5
- eating after noon
- dancing, singing, music, shows
- wearing garlands, perfumes, cosmetics
- lying on high or luxurious beds
- handling gold or silver
*followed by shramaneras
what do the fully ordained monks follow?
10 precepts + pratimoksha
can go back to lay person if desired
can’t eat meat if
it was seen
it was heard
it was suspected
3 refuges
in order to become buddhist, take refuge in the following:
- Buddha
- Dharma
- Sangha
pratimoksha
list of rules governing monastics
227 rules for monks
250 rules for nuns
parajika
follow these parts of the pratimiksha or get kicked out:
- no having sex
- no killing a human
- no falsely claiming religious attainments
- no stealing
found in the vinaya
sangha
monastic community of bhikshus and bhikshunis
other less important pratimoksha rules
what robes to wear, how big your hut can be, procedural rules about who can be ordained
nagas
cant be ordained
bhikshunis (nuns)
follow the 8 heavy rules
8 heavy rules
rules in addition to the pratimoksha and precepts that subordinate nuns to monks
to ordain nuns
need to have nuns present, none can currently be ordained
died out in 11th century
10 precept nuns
women that still want to be nuns that devote their lives to religious practices, follow the 10 precepts even though they cant be ordinated
great schism
the split of buddhism into two original schools: mahasanghika and sthavira
mahasanghika
“Great Sangha”
“Great Assembly”
Sthavira
“Elders”
nikayas
schools of Buddhism
18
tripitika
texts of Buddhism, the “3 baskets”
- sutrapitika
- vinayapitika
- abhisharmapitikia
was passed down orally, written down in 1st or 2nd century BCE
sutrapitika
sutras
dialogues between people and the buddha
~9000 exist
longest is 50p
vinayapitika
vinaya
rules and the stories of how these rules formed
abhidharmapitika
abhidharma
buddha philosophy
anada
Buddha’s disciple with an amazing memory, second in the lineage of patriachs (?)
repeated the Buddha’s teachings to the monks
Theravada
school of Buddhism
in Sri Lanka, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand/Siam
said to preserve the Sthavira school
Mahayana Buddhism
“the great vehicle”
one of 2/3 currently-existant branches of Buddhism
main aspects of Mahayana
- sense of limitations /incompleteness in early Buddhism
2. important of the bodhisattva
bodhisattva
person destined to become a Buddha in a future life
train by learning everything about everything
Dipamkana Buddha
predicted a braham would be the next Budda and gave him prediction
Jataka story
stories of the Buddha’s life as a bodhisattva
2 criteria to be a bodhisattva
- make a vow to be a Bod in Buddha’s presence
2. have the Buddha’s prediction
UNO
PM of Burma post WWII
claimed to be vowed to be a bohisattva
as PM, evaluated Buddhist texts, made Buddhism the state religion and outlawed killing cattle
earned merit for his actions
act of truth
determines if someones a Bodhisattva
Mahayana sutras
1st c BCE
expanded teachings- new worlds, philosophies, stories of bodhisattva
the secret teachings previously revealed to bodhisattvas, oriented toward them
EVERYONE WHOP BELIEVES IN THESE TEXTS IS A BODHISATTVA
two theories of the start of mahayana
- compassion/lay-origin
2. hard core ascetic/forest
the wrong question
why would people willingly undertake the long hard path of the bodhisattva?
compassion/lay-origin
people wanted to become bodhisattva to help others
motivated in selflessness, for the well-being of others
hardcore ascetic/forest theory
wanted to gain the highest honour is Buddhism
largest sum of merit would come from being a bodhisattva/Buddha so it was worth it for that reason
bodhisattva path
10 stages: 1. first thought of attaining buddhahood 2-7 8. prediction and vow 9-10
but, why was the original question the wrong one?
- headstart
- shortcuts
it is not a hard path to buddhahood due to these things
headstart
text-based
if you read Mahayana texts, you start at the 8th step of 10 on the bodhisattva path
shortcuts
- anumodana
- text-based shortcuts
- pure-land practices
anumodana
rejoicing
shortcut of the bodhisattva path
make good karma by rejoicing at the good deeds of others
i.e. picture all the merit of all the Buddhas in the world
Tushita heaven
aim to make enough merit to get reborn here, and then born as Buddha in the next
text-based shortcuts
memorize Mahayana texts, listen to them being read, pay for its production
generates a lot of karma
pure-land practices
different worlds with buddhas in them
specifically special worlds
sukhavati
pure land, “land of pleasure”
Buddha there is named Amitabha/Amitayus
Amitabha
“unlimited splendour”
Amitayus
“unlimited life”
Amitabha/Amitayus
vowed his land would be full of luxury
no sun in the world because he would radiate enough light
2 ways to make rapid progress to Buddhahood there
- magical power if born there to travel to other Buddha lands and get merit
- you can hear any sutra you want to hear
how do you get born there?
call amitayus 10 times
memorize text
follow the precepts
2 things mahayana sutras cover?
- idea of bodhisattva
2. Buddha’s secret teachings, oriented toward bodhisattva
dharmabhanakas
revealers of the texts, special mahayana preachers
claimed to be the bodhisattvas that died after the buddha told them the secret teachings
Chinese mahayana monks follow
Dharmaguptika tradition
Tibetan mahayana monks follow
Mulasarvastivada tradition
Mahayana is in which countries:
China, East Asia, Tibet
Theravada is in which countries:
Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma/Myanmar
shastras
analytic texts- raising q’s and answering them
other Buddhist sects wrote shastras but newer to Mahayana, followed sutras
attempt to create precise, systemic doctrines
nagarjuna
“the second Buddha”
composed the first shastras
created the school MADHYAMAKA (the middle school)
referred to as the “refutation of all views”
middle way
recognizing the dharmas are truly existant but items like tables/chairs conventionally exist
Dravyasat
“ultimately/truly existant”
eg. dharmas
Samvrtisat
“conventionally existant”
only exists as matter of thing people agree on
eg. table, chairs, people etc.
emptiness
shunyata
becomes samvrtisat with our mind
directly recognizing empitness, can put an end to delusion
samvrtisat in madhyamaka
tables, chairs, people + DHARMAS
2 truths of the middle way
- ultimate
2. convention
svabhava
idea that Dharmas have own existance
denied by Madhyamaka- said we cannot understand reality with our minds
yogacara
school?
mind only, everything is just mind
say something is empty and therefore must be empty of something
believe we perceive the same things with different minds because we have the same karma
in emptiness there is ONLY mind
tathagatagarbha
3rd to 4th century
influential in Zen and Tibetan buddhism
mind of clear lit
tathagata
term used to refer to the Buddha
“the thus come on”
garbha
embryo or womb
Zen/Chan buddhism
form of Chinese Buddhism
DT Suzuki
most influential scholar of Buddhism
came to the World Parliament of Religions
came with Zen Master Soyen Shaku
wrote “Essays in Zen Buddhism”, 3 volumes
lead in getting people to see Buddhism as religion of enlightenment/mediation/looking inward instead of rational system of morality
said zen represents the true essence of Buddhism, and true origin
Dhyana
meditation in Sanskrit
original name of zen
main elements of zen
- meditation
- enlightenment= psychological change, change how we see the world. comes from meditation, enlightened persons would have personal powers
lineage of patriarchs
direct lineage of teachers in zen that goes back to the time of buddha
buddha appointed successor in secret- MAHAKASHYAPA
MAHAKASHYAPA
smiled when Buddha picked up flower, everyone else was confused
so Buddha transmitted hum the Dharma
the lineage: numbered
- Mahakashyapa
- anada
…… - bodhidharma (1st patriach in china)
lineage in china
- bodhidharma
- hu-ko
… - hui-heng= transferred Dharma to many
2 claims to defend that religion wasn’t irrelevant
- religion is/was the sphere or ethics
- religion could give a unique experience
i. e. contemplative prayer to obtain profound religious experience in Christianity
