Test 3! Flashcards
Who wrote BOR
James Madison
3-12 Amendments of the constitution
Bill of Rights
State governments and BOR
Some states don’t respect human rights, and have their own BOR
Benjamin Gitlow
gave out communist pamphlets in NY, but NY didn’t have freedom of speech. Appellate court used incorporation doctrine to say that speech is a liberty
Incorporation Doctrine
Taking a right previously stated (speech, religion, eat) and incorporating it into the 14th amendment (everyone has life liberty and property)
Exclusionary rule
If police obtain evidence without a warrant, it can’t be used in court (Matt vs. Ohio- police broke into her house looking for drugs, but arrested her for obscene photos)
Gideon vs. Wainright
Arrested for breaking into a pool hall. couldt afford a lawyer so he represented himself and went to jail. found out that a lot of other people could not afford a lawyer. Appealed and court said they have the right to a lawyer in any case, not just capital (Powell vs. Alabama said a lawyer for capital cases)
Miranda vs Arizona
Police didn’t tell people they could have a lawyer and to be silent so they let everyone convicted after 1964 to have another trial bc people were put in jail from their own confession. Anyone arrested now has to be read their Miranda Rights.
Escabido vs. Illinois
incorporated the 5th and 6th amendment into the 14th
Roe vs Wade
state governments can’t outlaw abortions in the 1st trimester, says its a violation of privacy
“your freedom to swing your fist stops where my nose begins”
Freedoms/ rights are limited
Civil Liberties vs Civil Rights
Liberties: liberties that we have
Rights: opportunity to enjoy liberties
Ingal vs Vitale
Separation of church and state- declared a law about saying a nondenominational prayer in school
Women as property
Ga 1st state to give property rights to married women
Women voting
Men didn’t think any women would want to vote, so they started making laws keeping them from voting.
Wyoming allowed women to vote, led to Congress making the 19th Amendment allowing women suffrage
Equal Pay Act-1963
Men and women doing the same job can’t pay women less for doing the same job
Civil Rights Act-1964
Gave blacks equal pay
Amendment to Civil Rights Act -1967
Made employers practice equal opportunity to women and blacks
Affirmative Action
its not sufficient for employers to wait for minorities to apply for job. they must go out of their way to try and hire them
Civil rights for black people
cultural issue not solved when blacks got rights
Black Codes
Laws made to limit blacks
Overt Law
blatantly states a law or rule
Covert Law
sneakily keeps a group of people from doing something ex: black codes, requiring a literacy test to vote
Blacks in politics
Democratic party kept blacks from their primaries bc they didn’t allow them to join the private parties
Smith vs Allright
Political parties are public not private/ can’t have all white primaries. Cant excommunicate people from political parties
Plessy vs. Ferguson
separation of races on busses, opinion said that separate but equal policy was not a violation of the 14th amendment. “equal” part was almost never true. Segregation remained the policy until 1954
brown vs Board of edu of Topika Kansas
Little girl had to go to a black school 21 blocks away, declared separate but equal unconstitutional
President Eisenhower
Fought for segregation and sometimes sent in troops to aid
Voting Rights Act
we know about the tricks, and we keep passing laws to get rid of the tricks, but they keep thinking of new tricks, so with this law we declare that any law trying to keep black people from voting is illegal. Also called out states that do this, and said if a state wants to change their voting laws, they must submit them to the US Dep. Of Justice or US District court in Washington, DC. Also says if voter turn out in any ethnic group is limited, federal govt will send in voter registrars, to register people being discouraged from voting, to make sure that they can vote on election day. Cured a lot of problems that black people had bc now politicians cared about them.
Socialization
the process of learning and accepting society’s norms, traditions and values.
Political Socialization
Acceptance of democratic institutions in offices is similarly perpetuated. Reasons americans obey laws: morally. and people know where it comes from
Political Culture
“a set of attitudes, beliefs and values that are widely shared and that permit the members of that polity to ‘order and interpret political institutions and processes, and their own relationships with such institutions and processes’
disputes solved peacefully thru voting and litigation.
Decisions and outcomes are respected
Ex of political socialization
Director of IRS says our income tax system is a voluntary system by there is an amazingly high rate of compliance, making it possible to administer bc if we didn’t comply the IRS would come to a halt. Its also voluntary because we vote in the politicians that make the policies
Ideologies
belief system about what the government should be and do
Liberal Consensus
Americans believe in having liberties. when the people came here from Europe, they were serfs and lived in feudalism but didn’t when they came here. People in the lower class have the opportunity to move up
Public Opinon
Some composite profile of individual beliefs and attitudes.
To get public opinion, people use surveys. When people do surveys, they have to draw a sample w sufficient size so sample proportion is close to the actual population proportion.
Sample has to be random
Sample Error: not getting within 3 % points
Ask loaded questions bc they don’t wanna say no and skews their view point
Political Parties
Constitution says nothing about political parties, however the concept at the point of the constitution was discussed.
Burke said that the world can not get along without political parties anymore. They are needed to convert principles into practice.
George Washington did not like the idea of political party; he said they will divide us. It is no good way to make policies we should just use our judgement and not factionalize.
The framers decided all factions were bad from Shay’s Rebellion.
In Federalist 10, James Madison, it says anyone who cares has to proceed with factions
-Make one national system and let them flourish
Origin of the First political party
Hamilton wanted a centralized economic system (federalist)
Jefferson wanted everyone to have a piece of land (democratic republicans)
Era of Good feeling
For 20 years democratic republican party was the only party around
Why did we have parties if Washington didn’t want them?
- The constitution created a vacuum and something has to fill it.
- The people wanted a vote.
- The filling of the gap was political parties.
Linkage Function of political parties
political parties are a link between the government and the people. The political party would listen to members and listen to what they want and then express it to the government. Help people identify and articulate their interests, convert unorganized demands into government policies
Recruitment of Personnel for the government
Recruit people to serve in the government (ex: spoils system), recruit people to run for office.
Liaison Function
Refers to a need that members of a political party have for help in dealing with government agencies, police, or just not having food, and political party leaders would receive requests from people that need help and get resources for people that need it. When immigrants were coming from Europe, these people flooded the cities and people needed things. Leaders would receive requests and make sure the people were taken care of. These immigrants became lifelong members because of the help they received.
Why has the US had a 2 party system for basically all of history
Proportional and geographical representation
What do we lose bc only having 2 parties?
You have to compromise bc people win by being in big group
Caucus
a meeting where all members of party in that community are invited to come and discuss whatever issue is on the table and vote
Muckrakers
people who dig up things about people in politics
“The Machine”
local party runners
How have Tv’s effected political parties
because it allowed candidates to take their case directly to the people and go around the leaders. Party party organization doesn’t run campaign anymore, it’s every man for themselves.
liason
political parties would help people get what need; ex: food or help out of trouble. Congress took it away from them.
Rober LeFollette
Progressive movement, everything that goes bad in this country is the fault of corrupt political parties
Why do we have elections?
so people have a say in government
Who do we elect?
Legislators, executive officials, and in some states judges
Democracy
government by the people/ruled by the many
many=all men and women
Who enjoys the right of suffrage?
citizens, residents, people registered, literate, mentally and morally fit, people who pay taxes, people of a certain age
Who did the framers of the constitution keep from voting?
black people, women, indentured servants, people of some religious groups, and people under the age of 21
What the Thomas Paine denounce in Common Sense?
Constricting voting rights to property oweners
Jacksonian era-1830
Common man was celebrated as the backbone of society by 1850, states got rid of land owning requirements
What happened to southern states if they did not allow black people to vote?
They lost seats in congress
15th Amendment
Gave voting rights to black people, enforced through military occupation in some southern states
Carpetbagger government
Northern politicians that moved south to take part in government
24th Amendment
1964- banned poll tax
Voting rights act of 1965
Got rid of all laws restricting certain people from voting
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
Voting Rights Act of 1970
lowered the voting age for national elections to 18
26th Amendment
Made voting age in national and local elections 18
What does the government do if there is a city or state where less than 50% of the eligible voters vote?
They investigate for a scandal and go to the place to register voters
What amendments have to do with suffrage?
14th 15th 19th 23rd 24th 26th
How were candidates originally picked?
by party bosses aka “King makers” picked them
Implications of primary elections
break down of party bosses
candidates form their own personal parties during campaign
period of time in which campaigns run is a lot longer
2 stages for fulfilling office
nomination(each party has a candidate, important bc it filters election) and election
4 types of nomination
primaries, caucus, convention, and political party committee
Closed primaries
only people registered for that party can vote
What does a campaign need?
People to go door to door, stuff envelopes ect and money
Political Action Committees (PAC) receive donations from people and put on their own adds.
Media advisors to run the media campaign, runs tv ads, internet ads and print ads. Know how to make them attention getting and write slogans. Find out whats on the mind of the public and design adds according to whats on their minds. Key to winning elections.
