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Psychology 361 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Split brain experiments

A

“Split brain” occurs when the connection from the left and right hemisphere (the Corpus Callosum) is cut and the two hemispheres are unable to communicate.

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2
Q

Commissurotomy

A

Procedure of severing corpus callosum in split brain patients

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3
Q

Results of split brain

A

EX: If the word “spoon” was on the left side of a patient’s visual field, and the word “apple” was on the right side of their visual field, they would be able to say “apple”, but not “spoon” because the language processing center of their brain is on the left, and what they see with their right eye goes to your left side of the brain

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4
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A

The connection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

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5
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A 
Speech: nonfluent 
Comprehension: intact
Repetition: impaired
Naming: poor 
R and W: impaired 
Paraphasia: rare 
Aware of disorder 
damage to left inferior, posterior frontal
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6
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A 
Speech: fluent (talk fast and don’t make sense)
Comprehension: impaired 
Repetition: impaired
Naming: poor 
R and W: impaired 
unaware of disorder 
Paraphasia: common/ mixed
damage to left posterior/superior temporal
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7
Q

Paraphasia

A

Production of unintended syllables, words, or phrases during effort to speak (table to cup)

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8
Q

Phonemic paraphasia

A

syllables are produced in wrong order or words are distorted with unintended sounds (pipe to pike)

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9
Q

anosagnosia

A

unaware of ones deficit

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10
Q

neologisms

A

Make up words, could be words that dont exist

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11
Q

Conduction aphasia

A 
Speech: fluent (umm, whats it called)
Comprehension: intact
Repetition: impaired
Naming: poor 
R and W: good/ impaired 
Paraphasia: common-literal 
damage to acruate fasciculus (connection), and left parietal region
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12
Q

Semantic paraphasia

A

when an unintended word is inadvertently used in place of another (ex: patient says “my mother” instead of “my wife”)

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13
Q

ventral processing stream

A

“What is it?” recognition

V1 (Striate/Primary Visual Cortex), V4, inferior temporal cortex

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14
Q

dorsal processing stream

A

“Where is it?” location

V5 (MT)- motion , Parietal cortex

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15
Q

where are faces processed?

A

fusiform gyrus

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16
Q

What is prosopagnosia?

A

cant recognize faces or read facial expression.

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17
Q

Is there some evidence that patients with prosopagnosia recognize faces on an unconscious level?

A

There is some evidence that on an unconscious level they can recognize people. When hooked up to a heart rate monitor you can see an increase in heart rate when they see someone they know as well as an increase in breathing

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18
Q

scotoma

A

blindspot in visual field, typically seen in patients who have had a stroke

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19
Q

Hemianopia

A

condition where one whole side of the visual field is blinded, an entire side of the visual field is blinded because there is bilateral damage (damage above and below the calcarine fissure)

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20
Q

calcarine fissure

A

seperates upper and lower occipital hemisphere

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21
Q

Quadrantanopia

A

low vision or blindness in one quarter of the visual field (type of hemianopia; damage occurs in the optic tract to visual cortex

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22
Q

What is the role of V4 in vision?

A

color vision

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23
Q

Achromatopsia

A

Damage to V4
loss of color vision, usually after a stroke
some colors dull, some turn black and white

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24
Q

astereoagnosia

A

AKA tactile agnosia.
It is having difficulty identifying an object through the sense of touch.
EX: say a water bottle is on a desk, when you pick up the bottle with your hand, you cant identify it as a water bottle. But when you are not touching it and just looking at it you can identify it as a water bottle.

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25
Q

What is visual agnosia?

A

the inability to recognize visual objects, once you touch it you know

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26
Q

Who was the first person to use the term “agnosia” to describe the neuropsychological disorder

A

Freud

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27
Q

Apperceptive agnosia

A

cannot perceive the object in front of them at all
so they cant copy it,
but they can draw it from memory
cannot recognize objects at irregular angles
damage to posterior occipital lobe

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28
Q

Associative agnosia

A

cannot associate the object with their past memories of it so they cant draw from memory,
but they can copy whats in front of them
damage to anterior occipital lobe

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29
Q

category-specific visual agnosia

A

Patients can identify living objects, but not non-living objects and vice versa

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30
Q

Neglect

A

condition where one fails to notice items on one side of space

31
Q

Which side of the brain is usually damaged in neglect cases?

A

Right parietal lobe is damaged in neglect cases

32
Q

What kind of impairment do you see in patients with neglect?

A

Neglect patients only attend to items on their right side of space. For example, if they were given a plate of fries, they would only eat the fries on the right side, not knowing there are fries on the left side as well, However, once you bring to their attention the left side, they now see that there are fries on that side.

33
Q

How is neglect different from a hemianopia?

A

Neglect is different from hemianopia because neglect is an attention problem and hemianopia is a visual problem
**Neglect is in relation to bodys midline, hemianopia is in relation to the heads midline

34
Q

standardized neuropsychological tests often used to assess construction abilities in patients with right hemisphere damage

A

The Rey- Osterrieth: this is the one that looks like a spaceship. If the person draws small details first then they are impaired
The Block Test: have to organize the blocks to match a picture. Right hemisphere damage means that they will make global spatial error and the blocks wont even be in a square. Left hemisphere damage means that all the blocks will make the square on the global scale, however some of the finer detail like direction of the block, will show error

35
Q

spatial-based neglect

A

patients neglect left side of the world
EX: baseball ballroom
Freehand suitcase
Only see ballroom and suitcase

36
Q

object-based neglect

A

patient focuses attention on an object but neglects left side of each object
EX: baseball ballroom
Freehand suitcase
Only see ball, room, hand, case

37
Q

15- What three symptoms do you see in patients with Balint’s syndrome?

A

Optic ataxia- identifying where things are and trying to move them, often called miss and reach
Ocular apraxia- inability to voluntarily shift ones eyes from one thing to another
Simultagnosia- they only see one thing in the world at a time, like a still frame

38
Q

Somatophrenia

A

the denial or loathing of ones own body part

39
Q

Supernumery

A

limbs or digits: feels like they have an extra limb

40
Q

What is blindsight and how are patients with cortical blindness able to show blindsight?

A

Cortical blindness occurs when a person has bilateral damage to V1 and the person is functionally blind but damage is bypassed by superior colliculus. However, the people demonstrate a phenomenon called blindsight, where the person is able to “sense” an object in motion but cannot “see” it

41
Q

Microsomatotagnosia

A

ones own body part seems much smaller, commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia and some migraine patients too

42
Q

Macrosomatotagnosia

A

ones own body part seems much bigger, commonly seen in patients with epilepsy when they are about to have a siezure

43
Q

What is the role of V5 (MT) in vision

A

motion vision, helps us to see things move in a smooth manner.

44
Q

akinetopsia

A

Damage to V5

instead of seeing things in a smooth manner, you see it in a jerky motion

45
Q

Damage to which region of the brain would most likely impair performance on the clock drawing test?

A

right parietal lobe

46
Q

how long does each REM period last?

A

20 minutes

47
Q

How long is a person typically asleep before the first period of REM sleep?

A

90 minutes

48
Q

Which stage of sleep comes immediately before the first period of REM sleep each night?

A

Stage before first REM- emergent stage 1

49
Q

awake waves

A

alpha and beta

50
Q

stage 1 waves

A

dozing off, theta

51
Q

stage 2 waves

A

sleep spindle, k complex

52
Q

stage 3 waves

A

some delta activity

53
Q

stage 4 waves

A

deep sleep, delta waves

54
Q

REM waves

A

theta and beta, looks like awake

55
Q

what is stage 1 initial

A

first time you go to stage 1 in the night

56
Q

Is it worse to lose REM or deep sleep?

A

REM

57
Q

What are some causes of insomnia?

A

insomnia is most often a result of multiple extraneous variables, 20% of individuals

58
Q

Review the role of norepinephrine and the locus coeruleus in the hypothetical sleep-wake model.

A

Locus coeruleus releases norepinephrine, which keeps you awake

59
Q

What does ACH do?

A

makes you paralyzed

60
Q

what is narcolepsy

A

people go right into REM sleep out of no where,
asleep for 2-30 min,
will wake up and pick up where they left off
hypocretin - neuron released in the hypothalamus causes narcolepsy

61
Q

what is cataplexy

A

can happen outside of narcolepsy but most common with people who have it.
Go into muscle atonia but do not go to sleep,
seconds to a minute.
Triggered by high emotional states

62
Q

What are some potential functions of dreaming?

A

Consolidation (important info),
forgetting (unnecessary info),
restore chemical balance.
We filter out unnecessary info.

63
Q

somnambulism stage

A

sleep walking, occurs outside of REM, earlier stages

64
Q

sleep talking stage

A

non REM, non dream sleep

65
Q

REM sleep behavioral disorder

A

can get out of bed when in REM (not paralyzed)

66
Q

hypersomnia

A

sleep alot, depression, normally related to something else

67
Q

sleep apnea

A

miss breaths when you sleep

68
Q

sleep paralysis

A

wake up and paralyzed

69
Q

hypnogogic hallucinations

A

like dreaming when youre falling asleep

70
Q

nocturnal enureisis

A

kids who wet the bed because of lack of muscle control

71
Q

night terror stage **

A

normally in kids, not during REM, not dreaming, feeling emotions, stages 3 and 4, 50% of kids

72
Q

klienleven syndrome

A

“sleeping beauty syndrome”
usually teenagers
sleep for days or weeks at a time

73
Q

Which of the following sleep disorders is most likely to result from dysfunction in the pons?

A

REM sleep behavior disorder

Psychology 361 (4 decks)

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