Test 3

Question 1

What happens in physical growth in early childhood?

Answer 1

children become stronger, cartilage turns to bone, immune system

Question 2

During early childhood, children grow __________ per year.

Answer 2

2-3 inches

Question 3

What happens during early childhood to brain growth and development?

Answer 3

rapid growth in frontal areas: organization, language and associative thinking

Question 4

difference between night terror and nightmare?

Answer 4

you don’t remember night terrors like you do nightmares, and with night terrors you act as if you’re awake

Question 5

what is enuresis?

Answer 5

bedwetting

Question 6

examples of gross motor skills

Answer 6

jumping, running, and arm and leg motions

Question 7

examples of fine motor skills

Answer 7

tying shoes, coloring, any hand-eye coordination

Question 8

left handedness as it applies to:
age:
gender:
genetics:
environment:

Answer 8

3
male
genes
school

Question 9

where do most deaths from injuries occur, especially among preschool aged children, in the US?

Answer 9

accidents in the home

Question 10

where are children required by law to sit in car seat?

Answer 10

all over America

Question 11

during early childhood, children enter the second stage cognitive development that Piaget called the _____________ stage.

Answer 11

preoperational

Question 12

the proportional stage of cognitive development marks a major qualitative leap in thinking because it ushers in the ability to engage in ______ thought.

Answer 12

symbolic

Question 13

gannon and cole ride their bikes around the driveway making sounds of a moving train. they tell their parents that they are train conductors. what kind of play are they engaging in?

Answer 13

pretend play

Question 14

renee pours out a glass of milk for her doll telling her mother that her doll is very thirsty. this act best illustrates the Piagetian concept of : _________.

Answer 14

animism

Question 15

in Piaget’s terminology, to think simultaneously about several aspects of a situation is to _________.

Answer 15

decenter

Question 16

while reading aloud one day, callie pointed to a word in her book and asked dad what the word meant. callie did not realize that she needs to turn the book so her father can see the word. this is an example of:

Answer 16

egocentrism

Question 17

tim does not understand that transforming the shape of a liquid does not change the amount of liquid. which limit of pre operational thought is illustrated here?

Answer 17

conservation

Question 18

________________ is the awareness and understanding of the mental processes of others.

Answer 18

theory of mind

Question 19

_________ is the process by which information is prepared for long term storage and later retrieval.

Answer 19

encoding

Question 20

retention of information in memory for future use is known as ____________.

Answer 20

storage

Question 21

Karen’s mother asked her if she knew where her father had kept the gardening tools after the two of them gardened together on Sunday. This question from her mother is likely to initiate a process called _______ in Karen’s memory.

Answer 21

retrieval

Question 22

what memory system is defined as a temporary storehouse for incoming sensory information that decays rapidly?

Answer 22

sensory memory

Question 23

information being encoded or retrieved is kept in a short-term storehouse which is referred to as ______________.

Answer 23

working memory

Question 24

molly, a five-year-old, was taken to the circus 6 months ago by her family. she still remembers meeting the clowns and watching the trapezium show at the circus. what type of childhood memory would store such a memory?

Answer 24

episodic memory

Question 25

vygotsky’s term for the difference between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with help is known as the zone of ___________.

Answer 25

proximal development

Question 26

vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development describes _____________ as a temporary support system to help a child master a task.

Answer 26

scaffolding

Question 27

when 5 year old Josh used the word accumulate in a sentence only a day after hearing his father say it he exhibiting _________.

Answer 27

fast mapping

Question 28

talking aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate with others is called _____________.

Answer 28

private speech

Question 29

compared to kindergartens in the past, describe contemporary kindergartens in the US.

Answer 29

they are more structured like first grade

Question 30

self-_______ is defined as our total picture of our abilities and traits that determines how we feels about ourselves and who we think we are.

Answer 30

concept

Question 31

at age 4, children’s self-descriptions are likely to be unrealistically ________.

Answer 31

positive

Question 32

leo thinks he is the smartest student in his class. his judgement of his self-worth is called his self-_______.

Answer 32

esteem

Question 33

emotion _____________ essentially includes both minimizing certain emotions and maximizing others.

Answer 33

regulation

Question 34

________ emotions are directed toward the self and include guilt, shame, and pride. they are one’s self/actions to social standards.

Answer 34

social

Question 35

thomas is quick to remind his sister that he can go hunting with his dad because he is a boy. a child’s awareness of being male or female is termed as gender ________.

Answer 35

identity

Question 36

5 year old shawn is playing with his sister, Cheryl’s doll. she tells him to put it down because “boys don’t play with dolls” this is an example of gender ____________.

Answer 36

stereotypes

Question 37

according to the cognitive developmental theory, gender _________ is the realization that one’s sex will never change.

Answer 37

constancy

Question 38

rolling a ball is an example of _________ play.

Answer 38

functional

Question 39

what is constructive play?

Answer 39

second level of play involves use of objects or materials; example would be legos or log cabin building thing

Question 40

why is dramatic play important during the preschool years?

Answer 40

it helps develop imagination and creativeness

Question 41

Antonio and Anton want to play soccer but they need to find more people who want to play with them. Soccer is considered what kind of play?

Answer 41

formal game with rules

Question 42

examples of external rewards include _________. examples of internal rewards include _____________.

Answer 42

trophies

satisfaction from within

Question 43

what form of discipline involves ignoring child when he is acting inappropriately and for a short time after?

Answer 43

withdrawal of love

Question 44

describe permissive parenting style:

Answer 44

self expression and self regulation

Question 45

describe authoritative parenting style:

Answer 45

child has a voice; blending of warmth and respect for a child’s individuality with an effort to install social values; ideal parenting style

Question 46

describe authoritarian parenting style:

Answer 46

rules; emphasizes control and obedience

Question 47

aggressive behavior used as a means of achieving a goal is known as _________ aggression.

Answer 47

instrumental

Question 48

research suggests that boys tend to use greater ___________ aggression, while girls tend to use more _____________ aggression.

Answer 48

overt (direct)

relational (indirect or social)