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Beef Cattle Science > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of a Yearling-Stocker operation?

A

To feed and manage cattle growth prior to going to a feedlot.

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2
Q

What type of cattle are in a yearling-stocker operation?

A

Steers and heifers after weaning

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3
Q

Profitability of a yearling-stocker operatoin depends on the cost and availability of? (3)

A

Grass or forage
calves or yearlings
health management

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4
Q

Tops states for yearling-stocker? (3)

A

Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma

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5
Q

Yearling-stocker calves usually weigh less than ___ lbs

A

500

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6
Q

Either the cattle change hands several times, or who can retain ownership?

A

Cow-calf producers can retain ownership

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7
Q

How are USDA muscling scores organized?

A

1-4 with 1 being the heaviest muscled and 4 being uncommon

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8
Q

How are frame scores characterized?

A

Large (6 or greater)= steers >1,250 and heifers >1,150
Medium (4-5)= steers 1100-1250 and heifers 1100-1150
Small (<3)= steers <1100 and heifers < 1000

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9
Q

What is the point of USDA feeder cattle grades?

A

Predict feedlot weight gain and harvest weight endpoint (thriftiness)

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10
Q

You want to buy___ and sell ____

A

Buy low and sell high

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11
Q

How do you want the calves to be when you purchase them? (4)

A

moderate condition
healthy
light for age
moderate or better muscle and frame

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12
Q

Are the prices of calves usually steady?

A

No, they are seasonal

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13
Q

Three ways to pay for leasing a pasture?

A

Per acre
$/lb of gain
fixed ratio per head

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14
Q

Considerations when renting land? (3)

A

Cost of land ownership
Demand for use of the land
productivity of the land

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15
Q

Responsibilities when leasing the land? (2)

A

Checking cattle

Maintaining fences and water

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16
Q

What are some cattle stressors to keep in mind? (7)

A 
Weaning
Sorting and Co-mingling
Transportation 
Handling
Processing and Vaccinations
Weather
Dietary Changes
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17
Q

What cattle are high risk?

A

Freshly weaning and light weight

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18
Q

What is the best way to prevent getting high risk cattle?

A

Know the origin of the cattle and the practices used on them

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19
Q

What part of the feeding period is most crucial for profit?

A

The beginning

20
Q

Least risk is on cattle that are? (5)

A

1) weaned 30-45 days before shipping
2) castrated within 90 days of age
3) polled or dehorned prior to 90 days of age
4) free of internal and external parasites
5) vaccinated

21
Q

What is the greatest health problem, and how is it caused?

A

Respiratory issues- stress, virus, pathogenic bacteria

22
Q

When receiving cattle, you need to give them? (2)

A

Hay and water

23
Q

How should the roughage be when receiving cattle?

A

High quality hay with a starter ration

24
Q

What is an ideal rate of gain?

A

1.5 or higher

25
Q

What are two commonly used types of growth stimulants?

A

Ear Implants

Ionophores

26
Q

What are the three main goals of preconditioning?

A

1) weaning at least 45 days before sale
2) training to feed from a bunk and drink from a water trough
3) Castration, dehorning, and vaccinations

27
Q

What are the pros of preconditioning? (3)

A

Develop a reputation for marketing healthy cattle
Add value to home-raised calves
Increase income thorugh retained ownership

28
Q

What are the cons of preconditioning? (2)

A

Requires more labor

Up front expense of keeping the cattle

29
Q

Three ways to target markets?

A

Advertise your management
Relationship with buyers
Organize feeder calf markets

30
Q

What can be tricky with organizing a feeder calf market?

A

requirements are different among programs

31
Q

What are fed cattle?

A

cattle that are fed concentrates for several months prior to slaughter in confinment

32
Q

What is a feedlot?

A

Confinement areas located where major portions of grains are produced

33
Q

What re the top 5 states for feedlots?

A

Colorado, Nebraska, Texas, Kansas, and Iowa

34
Q

What are the 2 types of cattle feeding operations that were discussed in class?

A

Commercial and Farmer Feeder

35
Q

What is a commercial feeding operation? (4)

A

1) over 1,000 head of cattle
2) may own cattle
3) custom feeding or custom feedlots have the cattle owned by someone else and feed on a contractual basis
4) combination of both

36
Q

What is a benefit of retaining ownership of cattle through the feedlot stage?

A

If you retain ownership, you better know how they will perform

37
Q

What is a Farmer Feeder lot?

A

less than 1,000 head

38
Q

What type of dairy cows are predominantly in feed lots?

A

Holsteins

39
Q

What makes dairy cattle valuable in a feed lot?

A

Uniform carcasses with great marbling (usually prime) and have high cutability

40
Q

What is the drawback to dairy cattle in a feedlot?

A

Feed for long periods ( around 365 days)

41
Q

Estimated Cost formula?

A

(purchase weight x current price) = $ paid

42
Q

Estimated Sale Value formula?

A

(sale weight x sale price) = projected sale value

43
Q

Estimated gain formula?

A

Sale weight - purchase weight

44
Q

Total Cost of Gain formula?

A

(sale weight - purchase weight) = total gain x $value

45
Q

Break Even Price on Gain formula?

A

(projected sale value - $ paid) / (estimated gain)

46
Q

Estimated Purchase Cost formula?

A

(purchase weight x price per pound) = $ paid

47
Q

Necessary Selling Price formula?

A

($ paid + cost of gain) / sale weight

Beef Cattle Science (2 decks)

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