Final

Question 1

What are 4 things from the environment that need to be controlled?

Answer 1

Dust, Odor, Flies, and Water Quality

Question 2

What are the 5 ways to control environmental factors?

Answer 2

1) Removal of manure regularly
2) sprinkler systems
3) runoff holding ponds
4) compost manure
5) parasitic wasp- biological control

Question 3

What is the largest environmental factor?

Answer 3

Water Quality

Question 4

What must feedlots follow, regarding water quality?

Answer 4

Confined Animal Feeding Operation part of the Clean Water Act. Regulated by the EPA

Question 5

What 3 things go into calculating the break even cost of feeder cattle?

Answer 5

Price of Feeder Cattle
Cost of Gain
Sale Price of Fed Cattle

Question 6

How are the break even prices of cattle applied?

Answer 6

Calculated on an individual lot of cattle as a unit

Question 7

What is the Breakeven Price Per CWT of Live Weight formula for feeder cattle?

Answer 7

(cost of feeder cattle + feed cost + non-feed cost)/ estimated final weight of fed cattle

Question 8

What is the Breakeven Price for cost/lb of carcass formula?

Answer 8

(cost of weaned calf + yearling stocker cost + feedlot cost) / carcass weight

Question 9

What are the 3 factors that change of the profitability of a pen of cattle?

Answer 9

Poor health management
Poor rates of gain
Carcass discounts

Question 10

What are there high levels of when health management is poor? (3)

Answer 10

Morbidity
Mortality
Realizers (chronically sick and perform poorly)

Question 11

What are the discussed carcass discounts? (3)

Answer 11

Dark cutters
Poor Quality Grades
YG 4 and 5

Question 12

What two factors go into calculating the cost of feeder cattle?

Answer 12

Feed

Yardage (overhead)

Question 13

Factors that influence cost of gain? (2)

Answer 13

Feed and non-feed cost/lb of gain

Breakeven Cost

Question 14

Factors affecting feed cost per pound of gain? (3)

Answer 14

Ration costs
Purchase cost of feeder animal
Daily gains (feed efficiency) (expect 6:1)

Question 15

7 ways to improve feed efficiency?

Answer 15

Energy density of food
Processing grains (steamflaking and reconstituting)
Feeding growth additives and growth stimulants
Feed cattle to proper composition of gain
Control stressors
Select for genetic ability to gain rapidly
Sex of feedlot cattle

Question 16

What are the factors that affect non-feed costs? (4)

Answer 16

Gaining ability
health
yardage
interest rates

Question 17

What are the two factors that influence revenue?

Answer 17

sale price of market steers and heifers

sales (live basis vs carcass)

Question 18

Why are implants and additives used?

Answer 18

to improve rate of gain and efficiency

Question 19

How many time can they be given to an animal?

Answer 19

1-3 times based on the animal

Question 20

What is the trade off for aggressive implants?

Answer 20

increase in pounds for a lower quality grade

Question 21

When do aggressive implants work best?

Answer 21

when the Choice- Select spread is small

Question 22

What is the objective of a vaccination program?

Answer 22

prevention, not treatment

Question 23

What are three things a good herd health program should have?

Answer 23

Vaccination or immunization schedule
Internal and External Parasite program
Emergency procedures in case of disease outbreak

Question 24

What can be gained from reading the label on a vaccination?

Answer 24

dosage, timing, route of administration, warnings. withdrawal, storage, disposal, expiration date

Question 25

How should vaccines be stored while working?

Answer 25

cool and away from the sun

Question 26

What are two things to remember when using a MLV (modified live vaccine)?

Answer 26

do not mix too much at one time

don’t use disinfectants to clean

Question 27

How often should syringes be exchanged?

Answer 27

every 7-10 animals

Question 28

Where should the animal be injected unless specified otherwise?

Answer 28

In the neck

Question 29

How much should be given per injection, and how far apart should injection sites be?

Answer 29

no more than 10 mL

4 inches or a hands width apart

Question 30

When should young calves get their first round of vaccinations?

Answer 30

3-4 months

Question 31

What respiratory diseases are commonly vaccinated for?

Answer 31

IBR, PI3, BRSV
Pasturella
Haemophilus somnus

Question 32

What are other diseases calves are vaccinated for at 3-4 months?

Answer 32

Leptospirosis

clostridial diseases

Question 33

When should a booster be given to calves?

Answer 33

3-4 weeks before weaning

Question 34

What should be covered with the booster round of vaccines?

Answer 34

Respiratory diseases
BVD
Vibriosis and Brucellosis
Treatment for internal and external parasites

Question 35

Beef cattle need nutrients to support what?

Answer 35

Maintenance, reproduction, lactation, and growth

Question 36

Nutrient needs for beef cattle vary by what?

Answer 36

Age, class, stage of production, performance level, and weight

Question 37

What factors influence dry matter intake?

Answer 37

weight, condition, stage of production, milk production level, environmental conditions, forage quality, and amount and type or forage or feed offered

Question 38

What affects forage intake capacity?

Answer 38

stage of production and forage type and maturity

Question 39

Average quality forage has how much total digestible nutrients?

Answer 39

52-59%

Question 40

How much dry matter intake should cattle get from forage?

Answer 40

2. 2%

2. 5% if lactating