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Physics > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is temperature?

A

Average kinetic energy

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2
Q

What are the three temperature scales?

A

Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin

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3
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

When matter stops moving, thus cannot exist. It is at 0K

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4
Q

Energy that transfers from one object to another due to a difference in temperature is _________.

A

Heat

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5
Q

If heat stops flowing between two objects, they are in _______________.

A

Thermal equilibrium

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6
Q

What is a calorie, and how does it relate to a joule?

A

A calorie is the energy it takes to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. One calorie equals 4.184 joules

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7
Q

Explain the difference between a calorie and a Calorie

A

There are 1,000 calories in one Calorie

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8
Q

Q=mcΔT

A 
Q= energy (J)
M= mass (g)
C= specific heat (c or J)
ΔT= change in temperature
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9
Q

What is the specific heat of water?

A

4.184 Joules

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10
Q

Thermal expansion

A

In general, when an object is heated, it expands

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11
Q

If heat is flowing from one thing to another, they are in __________________.

A

Thermal contact

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12
Q

Conduction

A

Molecule to molecule contact

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13
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat through fluids

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14
Q

Radiation

A

Through EM waves, radiant energy travels in propagating waves of differing wavelengths

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15
Q

Conductor

A

Readily transfer heat

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16
Q

Insulator

A

Not good at transferring heat

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17
Q

What law states the rate of cooling is proportional to temperature difference?

A

Newton’s Law of Cooling

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18
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid to gas

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19
Q

Deposition/ condensation

A

Gas to liquid

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20
Q

Is evaporation a warming or cooling process

A

Cooling

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21
Q

Is condensation a warming or cooling process

A

Warming

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22
Q

What does humidity measure?

A

Air and water vapor quantities

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23
Q

Q=mL

A 
Q= energy
M= mass
L= latent heat
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24
Q

What temperature scale is always used for thermodynamics?

A

Kelvin

25
Q

Heat added = increase in internal energy + _________________

A

External work

26
Q

What does the second law of thermodynamics state?

A

Heat will never, of itself, flow from a cold object to a hot object

27
Q

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

A

When heat is added to a system, it will transform into an equal amount of other energies

28
Q

Adiabatic

A

compression or expansion of a gas without heat entering or leaving a system

29
Q

Is anything ever truly adiabatic?

A

No

30
Q

Carnot efficiency

A

(Thot - Tcold)/ Thot

31
Q

Entropy

A

The degree of disorder

32
Q

Can entropy be reversed?

A

Yes, but work must be put into it

33
Q

Vibration

A

A “wiggle” in time

34
Q

Wave

A

A “wiggle” in time and space

35
Q

A transverse wave looks like a _____ curve as seen in trigonometry.

A

Sine

36
Q

What is the unit for frequency?

A

Hertz

37
Q

Transverse waves

A
  • EM waves

- Motion is perpendicular to the wave motion

38
Q

Longitudinal waves

A
  • Sound waves

- Motion is parallel to the wave motion

39
Q

Standing wave

A

A transverse wave goes back and forth creating nodes

40
Q

Nodes

A

A part of a transverse wave that does not move up and down

41
Q

What are two types of interferences in waves?

A

Constructive and destructive

42
Q

Doppler Effect

A

An apparent change in frequency due to motion

43
Q

What is the difference between a bow wave and a shock wave?

A

A bow wave is 2 dimensional while a shock wave is 3 dimensional

44
Q

How does a sonic boom occur?

A

An object has a faster velocity than sound waves

45
Q

Sound needs a ______ to travel

A

Medium

46
Q

All sound is due to the ________ of an object

A

Vibrations

47
Q

Compression

A

A pulse of closely packed air

48
Q

Rarefraction

A

A pulse of low pressure air

49
Q

Under what circumstances does the speed of sound change?

A

The phase of the medium and the temperature

50
Q

Pitch

A

Our subjective interpretation of frequency

51
Q

Loudness is proportional to the ____________ of a sound wave

A

amplitude squared

52
Q

Forced Vibration

A

movement of a vibration from one object to another

53
Q

What is the range of frequencies that humans can hear?

A

20-20,000 Hz

54
Q

What are frequencies less than 20 Hz called?

A

Infrasonic

55
Q

What are frequencies more than 20,000 Hz called?

A

Ultrasonic

56
Q

An object tends to vibrate uniquely due to what?

A

Natural frequency which is due to its physical properties

57
Q

Resonance

A

When forced vibrations equals the natural frequency of an object, the amplitude of the wave increase dramatically

58
Q

Beats

A

A periodic variation in the loudness of sound

Physics (3 decks)

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