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Physics > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a theory

A

A scientific law that can be adapted

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2
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity

A

Speed does not have a direction but velocity does have a direction

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3
Q

What is the scientific method

A

The process to find out if something is true

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4
Q

Instantaneous speed

A

Your speed at any given moment

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5
Q

Average speed

A

Your average speed over a period of time

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6
Q

Acceleration

A

Change in velocity over time

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7
Q

Newton’s first law

A

Inertia (things with mass are stubborn)

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8
Q

Newton’s second law

A

F=ma

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9
Q

Newton’s third law

A

Every action causes an equal but opposite reward

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10
Q

What causes acceleration?

A

Force

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11
Q

How many atoms atoms are in one thimble of water

A

10^23

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12
Q

Brownian motion

A

Atoms are constantly moving

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13
Q

An elastic collision ___________

A

Bounces

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14
Q

An inelastic collision

A

Does not bounce (sticks)

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15
Q

Machines

A

Devices to multiply forces or change in direction of forces

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16
Q

Lever

A

Spreads work over a longer distance

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17
Q

Element

A

A specific type of atom

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18
Q

Molecules

A

Combined elements

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19
Q

Compounds

A

Combinations of atoms in a fixed portion

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20
Q

Crystalline

A

Formed with crystals, so it is a geometric shape

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21
Q

Elasticity

A

Extent to which object can change shape and go back to its original form

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22
Q

Elastic limit

A

The extent to where an object cannot go back to its original form

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23
Q

What does Hooke’s law state

A

The amount of compression of an object is proportional to the force

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24
Q

A liquid exerts ___________ on all sides of the container it’s in

A

Pressure

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25
Q

T/F you can you compress liquids

A

False

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26
Q

Total pressure

A

Liquid pressure + air pressure

27
Q

Archimedes principal

A

When an object is immersed in water, the object is “buoyed up” by a force equal to the displaced water

28
Q

Pascal’s principal

A

Changing the pressure at one point in a liquid affects all of the liquid

29
Q

What measures air pressure

A

Barometer

30
Q

Bernoulli’s principal

A

For a fluid, if the speed goes up, the pressure goes down

31
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

When there is no temperature difference between to objects

32
Q

Newton’s law of cooling

A

The rate of temperature change is proportional of how big the temperature difference is

33
Q

Conduction

A

Molecule to molecule contact

34
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat through fluids

35
Q

Radiation

A

Through electric magnetic waves, radiant energy travels in propagating waves of different wavelengths

36
Q

Saturation

A

At a certain temperature, there is a maximum amount of water that can be in the air

37
Q

Humidity

A

Measures air and water vapor quantities

38
Q

Equilibrium

A

When evaporation and condensation happen at the same rate

39
Q

2cd law of thermodynamics

A

Heat will never, of itself, flow from a cold object to a hot object

40
Q

T/F there be an adiabatic system

A

False

41
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

When heat is added to a system, it will transform into an equal amount of other energies

42
Q

Entropy

A

Degree of disorder

43
Q

What frequency can humans hear

A

20-20,000 Hz

44
Q

Rarefaction

A

A pulse of low pressure air

45
Q

Compression

A

A pulse of closely packed air

46
Q

What does sound need to travel through

A

A medium

47
Q

Forced vibration

A

Movement of a vibration from one object to another

48
Q

Natural frequency

A

The preferred frequency of an object due to its physical properties

49
Q

Resonance

A

When a forced vibration equals the natural frequency, the amplitude increase dramatically

50
Q

Particle theory

A

Light seems to travel in a straight line

51
Q

Diffraction

A

Light hits something and it splits into different wavelengths

52
Q

Sound is vibrating __________ but light is vibrating _______________

A

Matter, electrical charges

53
Q

Ray

A

A beam of light

54
Q

Shadow

A

Where rays cannot reach

55
Q

Umbra

A

A total shadow

56
Q

Penumbra

A

Partial shadow

57
Q

Additive primary colors

A

Red, green, and blue

58
Q

Subtractive primary colors

A

Red, yellow, and blue

59
Q

Diffuse Reflection

A

Light reflected in many directions due to rough surfaces

60
Q

Acoustics

A

Study of reflective properties of sound

61
Q

What does charging by friction require

A

Two surfaces but no conductor

62
Q

What does charging by contact require

A

A conductor

63
Q

Magnetic domain

A

Area of alignment with electrons in a magnetic field

Physics (3 decks)

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