Test 3

Question 1

Three premises of Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 1

Meaning, Language, Thought

Question 2

Meaning

Answer 2

premise 1, act towards things based on the meanings they ascribe to them

Question 3

Language

Answer 3

Premise 2, meaning is derived from social interaction (symbols)

Question 4

Thought

Answer 4

Premise 3, meanings are modified through interpretive process, based on language

Question 5

Meads Self

Answer 5

I is unsocialized self while Me is socialized self

Question 6

Meads 3 stages of role taking

Answer 6

Imitation, Play (acting as other would), Game (many roles at once)

Question 7

Social Roles

Answer 7

Social positions defined by behavior, learned from significant others

Question 8

Role taking

Answer 8

Taking perspective of others

Question 9

Symbols

Answer 9

Arbitrary, conventional, meaningful, significant

Question 10

Typified

Answer 10

Categorize the unfamiliar.

Question 11

Idealized

Answer 11

Assume that if changed places, each would experience same reality

Question 12

Wilson Reading

Answer 12

wolf controversy driven by
1. differential access to social power
2. conflicting ideas about private prop.
3. Divergent beliefs about nature
Extra: Wolves are symbolic

Question 13

Amenity Development

Krannich and Petrzelka 2004

Answer 13

1970-1996, areas with high Amenity grew much faster than low, mostly positive economics for the cities while it hurt low wage earners. Hurts environment with increased people

Question 14

Tourism Use

Answer 14

recreation highly concentrated, use vs. impacts

Question 15

Inflection point (Tourism Use)

Answer 15

substantial impacts have already occurred so further damage decreases

Question 16

Whistler, B.C.

Answer 16

1964- no sewer, road, electricity

2007- 2 mill annual visitors

Question 17

Aldo Leopold

Answer 17

Green fire in wolf eyes

Question 18

Concerns of ranchers

Answer 18

Lossing cattle and living cattle were down on weight

Question 19

Framing

Answer 19

Focusing the world around us by making elements essential or background

Question 20

Assembling the claim

Answer 20

Identify goals, symbols, method to communicate

Question 21

Presenting the claim

Answer 21

Animating the problem, legitimizing

Question 22

Contesting the claim

Answer 22

demonstrating the problem

Question 23

ESA

Answer 23

protect and recover imperiled species

Question 24

Trophic Cascade

Answer 24

Wolf reintroduction led to rebalancing of dominance

Question 25

2009

Answer 25

Wolves removed from ESA

Question 26

Lecture Day 25

Answer 26

Many specific dates pertaining to wolfs

Question 27

Final Exam

Answer 27

Similar to previous exams
 Emphasize material since exam 2 (third case study)
 Also include overall concepts (wicked problems, coupled human and natural systems, understanding human societies…three theoretical approaches)

Question 28

Ecological Restoration

Answer 28

Return of ecosystem to approximation of its condition prior to disturbance

Question 29

Reintroduction

Answer 29

introducing again, successfully brought in by humans in an area that was once part of their historic range

Question 30

Wicked problem characteristics

Answer 30

radically different frames, problem never fully solved,

Question 31

4 arguments in FWS delisting

Answer 31

1. Human attitudes are a potential threat to wolves
2. threat posed by human attitudes has lessened
3. State Management of wolves will foster support
4. Existing state regulatory mechanisms will balance negative attitudes

Question 32

Freyfogle and Goble 2009

Answer 32

Determining status of endangered species requires answer to risk of extinction and if risk is acceptable

Question 33

Resource Curve

Answer 33

wealth vs availability of Natural Resources, Countries with many resources underperform what they should be

Question 34

Resource Curve Lessons

Answer 34

Abundance does not equal better life

Succesful management depends on social and global systems and connections

Question 35

Kennedy and Thomas 1995

Answer 35

No universal laws or principles of ecology that establish value

Question 36

Wicked Problem

Answer 36

Lots of variables, many connections, technically challenging, lack consensus, solutions good bad not true false

Question 37

Grand Theory

Answer 37

Broad abstract ideas, global

Question 38

Mid range theories

Answer 38

Framework of concepts to understand specific social phenomena

Question 39

Case 1

Answer 39

Grand theory: Structural functionalism
 Society is a system of interrelated parts
 System components serve particular functions  System organized to meet needs of whole
 Structure: universal, persistent patterns of social relationships
 Functions: contributions of social structures to maintain stability of society
 Midrange Theory: Functionalism (Community, Culture, Economy, Polity & AGIL Model)
 6 groups used this approach in Discussion Question 9, Conventions / Norms – the types / differences / how they manifest / ‘enforced’
 Cognitive hierarchy (& component parts)
 Property rights & public powers (e.g. takings, eminent
domain)
 Endangered Species Act – what is its goal/objective, when it came about, what this means for citizens

Question 40

Case 2

Answer 40

Grand theory: Conflict theory
 Social systems are dominated by power
 Those in power (minority) seek to maintain position by taking advantage of majority
 Conflicts develop as oppressed act to take control (laborers rise up against those who control capital)
 Midrange theory: Social dilemmas
 Conflict between individual and collective
benefits/costs
 8 groups used this approach, Prisoners’ Dilemma & Multiple person dilemmas
 Tragedy of the Commons
 Views of G. Hardin and E. Ostrom (& proposed ‘solutions’
 Common Pool Resources
 Property regimes (private property, open access,
common property, state managed)
 Types of social dilemmas (traps & fences)
 The ‘free rider’

Question 41

Case 3

Answer 41

Grand theory: Symbolic interactionism
 Humans act toward things on the basis of the meanings they
 Meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the social interaction that one has with others
 Meanings are handled in, and modified through, an interpretative process used by the person in dealing with the things he/she encounters
 Midrange theory: Social construction of nature
 Groups in society ascribe meaning to natural resources,
environmental issues, etc.
 Conflicts occur as the meanings differ between groups
 5 groups used this approach, Grand Theory – Symbolic Interactionism  Three basic premises
 “Human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings they ascribe to those things.”
 “The meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the social interaction that one has with others and the society.”
 “These meanings are handled in, and modified through, an interpretative process used by the person in dealing with the things he/she encounters.”
 Reality
 Social objects & symbols  Reading: Charon 1992
 Plato’s Allegory of the Cave  DVD: “Wolves in Paradise”

Question 42

Reductionism

Answer 42

Attempt to understand complex systems through analyst of their components

Question 43

CHANS

Answer 43

Couples Human And Natural Systems - Ecological systems can only be understood by examining their human and natural components