Test 1 Flashcards
Society
Group with similar purpose
natural resource
found in nature used by humans
Three social science approach
.
Structural functionalism
human society consists of structures that are organized to meet individual and social needs.
Symbolic interaction
groups in society ascribe meaning to natural resources, environmental issues, etc.
Reductionism
studying individual components separately
systems thinking
multiple steps go into filling glass of water
delay in feedback loop
often unrecognized potential to result in overshoot (Day 2 slide 8)
open system
inputs may enter system from external sources
closed system
limited to resources intrinsic to the system
ecology
study of interactions between organisms and living and nonliving components of their environment
ecosystem
unit of organization within the biosphere
Environmentalism
advocating for the protection of natural ecosystems or their components
complex problem
has wrong or right answer
wicked problems
lots of variables, challenging, good/bad not true/false
Allen and Gould
used the ideas of complex and wicked problems and applied to forest management
Conflict theory
social systems are dominated by power. Conflicts develop as oppressed act to take control
mid range theory functionalism (AGIL)
Parsons concluded that social systems face four major challenges
1. Adaptation 2. Goal attainment 3. Integration 4. pattern maintenance
Four Function Paradigm
1 Adaptation- Economic dimension
2 Goal Attainment- Political
3 Integration- community
4 Pattern Maintenance- cultural dimension
Informal
unwritten, learned behavior
Formal
formalized into law
cognitive biases
subconscious cues and conscious decisions influence out information processing
Economy
Structure- market relationships between producers and consumers
Institution- contract, property, occupation
Function- Adaptation to the environment
Relation to nat world- availability of resources
Polity
Structure- Power relationships between individuals, orgs, and gov
Institutions- Leadership, authority, regulation
Function- Goal attainment
Relation to natural world- how decisions are made
Community
Structure- relationship between individuals in groups and society
Institutions- Norms specified through law
Function- Social integration
Relation to nat world- ally to similar groups
culture
Structure- symbolic relationships based on believes and values
Institution- family, education
Function- Pattern maintenance
relation to nat world- source of belief
durkheim and weber followed
Social functionalism
Karl Marx followed
Conflict theory
Herbert Blumer
symbolic interaction
normative behavior
rational process that involves interactions between two components (cognitive/ emotional)
informal sanctions
frown/smile, bad feelings, pride, guilt
crystallization
consistency of responses
intensity
measure of how certain and severe the resulting sanctions are expected to be
norm power
crystallization vs sanction intensity
Lewis central elements
Values-> Beliefs-> Attitudes
cognitive hierarchy
values lead all in inverted pyramid of importance
values
abstract, stable, transcend, basis for belief
beliefs
understanding, basic facts as perceived by an individual
attitudes
based on values, consistent
1960/70’s
shift in laws (endangered species act, wilderness act, air pollution control act)
peoples behaviors changing
increased recycling, decreased pollution, low mpg cars
self efficacy
it doesn’t matter if i ride my bike if every one else is driving.
Economic tangible values
environmental components that can be seen, touched, etc
Economic intangible values
subjective qualities of environmental components
market system
prices set by supply and demand
Allocation
availability of resources to producers
market
social system for distribution of products
private goods
rival, exclusive, market exchanges, tangible
Public goods
non rivaled, non exclusive, intangible
assigned values
willingness to pay
Acquisition
public domain over 1.8 billion acres
shift toward retention
enable sustained yield of resources and protect special locations
Retention dates
Yellowstone 1872
Forest reserve 1891
position gov
Elected- politicians
Appointed- judges
Professional- Bureaucrats
Public
social movement- mass movements, power based
Interest groups- represent range of positions
Money
Individual- wealth
organizational- funds to support causes
How to achieve goals
Moral- fundamental right
Legal- executive, legislative
Activism- protests
1970’s for environmental movement
decline during 70’s reemerged in 80’s
Conclusion from cases
Environmental legislation is a necessary means for protecting the public interest,
government must balance regulatory constraints with actual harms to public interest,
High threshold for invoking constitutional protections against a taking
movements
more participants, less organization
interest groups
fewer participants, greater organization
what constitutes a taking
action by government depriving person of private or person property without payment of just compensation
fee simple
absolute and unqualified legal title to real property
Less than fee simple
less than absolute and unqualified legal title to real property
PNW lawsuits
Portland Audubon society vs Hodel
Seattle Audubon society vs. Robertson
just compensation
fair market value
Impacts to political system
Hurt economy, polity, community
