Test 3 Flashcards
John Locke
Interested in Science, two books
Baron de Montesquieu
French aristocrat who wanted to limit royal absolutism. Spirit laws superheated 3 branches or gov and ideas of check and balances
Voltaire
Challenged Catholic Church, God created universe operating under laws of science. Hated religious intolerance. Religion crushes human spirit. No perfect God. Wrote Candides
Rousseau
Individualism, civilization destructive to liberation of man. Wrote the social contract. Born free but gov brings down
Emile
Attacked civilization, education should be love and kindness.
Diderot
Wrote major encyclopedia where he critiques politics and society.
Adam Smith
Physiocrat, father of modern economics, capitalism and laissez faire, supply and demand.
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Enlightened Despots who invited Voltaire and rejoiced torture. Improved education and promoted religious tolerance.
Peter the Great of Russia
Sought to make Russia part of Europe, westernization.
Catherine the Great of Russia
Enlightened Despot, Wife of Peter III, invited philosophers and furthered westernization. Reversed with Pugachev uprising of serfs.
Maria Theresa of Austria
Enlightened Despot, Reformer of all.
Joseph II of Austria
Enlightened Despot,Son of Maria Theresa. Furthered reforms and abolished serfdom, uniform taxes, religious tolerance.
Thomas Hobbes
Englishman who applied experimentation to political realm during English civil war, fled to Paris. Wrote Leviathan, supported absolute monarch gov but not divine right and though humans were unhappy.
