Test 3 Flashcards
US bicameral house and Senate
Bi-lower
Sen-higher
Have equal representation
Parlaimentary
Legislative without executive authority
Laws are made under
Natural laws in general
Legislatures
Multimember, make laws, formally equal, decide by voting. Also appoint officials by voting, act in a judicial capacity authority to investigate, ombudsman
Ombudsman
an official appointed to investigate individuals’ complaints against maladministration, especially that of public authorities.
Parliamentary VS Presidential system
pg. 200 fig 7
Legislative committees offer..
specialization and decentralization
US senate folkways
apprenticeship, legislative work, specialization, courtesy, reciprocity, institutional patriotism
models of representation
delegate model makes decisions based on constituents wishes, trustee model makes decision on wisdom and reason, politico model a combo of both
Legislative party behavior
part members form caucuses, meet to set agenda and prescribe issue agenda for party influence and discipline not always there in real world.
Executive institutions
provide leadership as most recognized governmental figure
Functions of executive
diplomacy, emergency leadership, budget formation, control military, chief administrator, policy initiation, symbolic leadership
see email for more
Types of executive institutions
hereditary monarchies, directly elected chief executives, non-democratic executives
Power
Limits and exceeding and institutional complexity and media (see email)
Types of authority
Charismatic authority- individual’s gift
Traditional authority- based on tradition and culture
Rational legal authority- based on established laws
Representative authority- based on legal representation
Coercive authority- based on use of force
Judicial institutions
. Judicial Institutions- part of government that regards justice and meaning of law
Judicial functions
resolve conflicts, maintain social control, legitimize regime, and protect rights, offer justice
Two systems of justice
Adversarial where judge is there to make sure all is fairly heard, Inquisitorial where judge inquires on guilt then goes to trial mostly 100% guilty
types of law
Natural law- moral or ethical a higher power
Positive law- devised by humans
Basic law- written law/constitutions
Statutory law- proscriptive law/ criminal acts, tax
Common law- uniform from England to be applied by principles
Civil law- laws governing private parties
Criminal law- laws against the state or nation
Selection and tenure of judges
Missouri Plan appointed the voted to stay in
Elected partisan or nonpartisan
Trying to achieve legitimacy
heirarchy of judicial institutions
most countries have multiple layers of trial courts and appellate courts
Judicial review
the power to hold unconstitutional any law Marbury vs. Madison / Parliamentary supremacy o=if courts just interpret law. In US Supreme Court decisions make constitutional law
Bureaucracy is an organizational form
see email
Beaurocrat
A Bureaucrat is an official who acquires their position on the bases of their qualifications and skills- primary responsibility is policy implementation.
Bureaucratic functions
Revenue collection- IRS
National defense- US Dept. of Defense
Service delivery- Govt. Services
Income maintenance- Unemployment Insurance
Regulation- Individuals or Groups
Research- R&D institutional like Universities (Research)
Specialized government function- US Mint
Management of State Enterprises- TVA
Bureaucracies never stop growing- Instrumentalism and self interest
Bureaucracies can be responsible and efficient- ? TCC
Bureaucracies and change
like rules of command and power conscious
Iron triangle
see email
reform
expanding role of citizen or political supervision and smaller size
Key to Understanding Bureaucracy
the pluses and the negatives
6. Why do you need one? Function?
look up
