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Test 1.2 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

PO2 is about _____ in tissues and _____in alveolar air.

A

40 mmHg, 100 mmHg

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2
Q

Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?

  1. pH of blood
  2. the rate of respiration
  3. amount of oxygen available
  4. temperature
  5. none
  6. partial pressure of oxygen
A

2

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3
Q

This is the primary gas exchange site

A

Type 1 cells of the alveolus

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4
Q

At rest, blog returning to the left side of the heart is ____% saturated with 02.

A

100

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5
Q

The expiratory reserve is the amount of air:

A

that you can forcefully exhale

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6
Q

These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant

A

Type II alveolar cells

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7
Q

This means the lungs and the chest wall do not expand easily.

A

Low compliance

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8
Q

Which of the following impact the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange.

  1. partial pressure difference of the gases
  2. surface area for gas exchange
  3. diffusion distance
  4. molecular weight and solubly of the gases
  5. All of the above
A

5

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9
Q

Which enzyme aids in your ability to digest lipids?

A

Lipase

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10
Q

In the medullary rhythmicity area, the expiratory area establishes the basic rhythm of quiet breathing, while the inspiratory area remains inactive. True or false?

A

False

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11
Q

What keeps us from digesting our own stomach?

A

an alkaline mucus lining secreting by cells in the stomach

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12
Q

23% of O2 and 98.5% of CO2 is transported attached to Hb. True or False?

A

False

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13
Q

Which of the following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system?

A

Mixing and propulsion

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14
Q

After mixing with digestive juice in the stomach, food is called:

A

chyme

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15
Q

Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?

A

as bicarbonate ions

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16
Q

The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the

A

Respiratory dead space

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17
Q

When blood pH drops (increasing acidity) then the amount of oxyhemoglobin ______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells _______.

A

decreases, increases

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18
Q

During normal, quiet breathing exhalation begins when

A

Inspiratory muscles relax

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19
Q

Hemoglobin can unload more oxygen in metabolically active tissues than in tissues at rest because

A

Increasing body temperature decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

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20
Q

Which of the following secrete HCl?

A

Parietal cells

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21
Q

Because we use carbs as energy, we can absorb molecules of starch without breaking them down into their smaller monosaccharide building blocks. True or False?

A

False

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22
Q

If you were to take 10 breaths/min and inhaled about 600 mL/breath, your minute ventilation rate would be

A

6000mL/min

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23
Q

The inspiratory area coordinates the shift from inhalation to exhalation by stimulating the apneustic region. True or False?

A

False

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24
Q

The following muscles contract to results in normal, quiet exhalation

  1. the external intercostals and diaphragm
  2. the abdominals and internal intercostals
  3. the scaliness
  4. None
A

4

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25
Q

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

A

Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

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26
Q

What causes the direction of the carbonic anhydrase catalyzed reaction to reverse when blood travels from the tissues to the lungs?

A

the loss of CO2 as we exhale

27
Q

The “brush border” in the small intestine is made up of

A

microvilli

28
Q

Most absoprtion occurs in:

A

The small intestine

29
Q

This plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the musclaris.

A

Myenteric plexus

30
Q

How do long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides gain access to the bloodstream?

A

They pass from the small intestine into lacteals in the villi and then travel in lymphatic vessels to the subclavian vein=

31
Q

Which os the following pancreatic enzymes digests lipids?

  1. None
  2. Trypsin
  3. Elastase
  4. Pepsin
  5. Nucleases
A

1

32
Q

Which of the following enzymes acts to promote monoglycerides as one product?

A

Lipase

33
Q

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on glycogen and starches?

A

Amylase

34
Q

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts of peptide bonds?

A

Chymotrypsin

35
Q

This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins.

A

HCl

36
Q

This structure regulates the flow of material from the stomach into the small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter (pylorus)

37
Q

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

  1. Feces formation
  2. Absorption
  3. Chemical digestion
  4. Regulation of blood glucose
  5. Mechanical digestion
A

4

38
Q

Increased arterial PCO2 will results in

A

Hyperventilation

39
Q

Because of input to the reparatory center from the following area, events that frighten or anger you can increase breathing rate.

A

The limbic system

40
Q

Before your lungs can fill up with too much air this area inhibits inspiration

A

Pneumotaxic area

41
Q

The basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by:

A

The inspiratory and expiratory areas

42
Q

The respiratory control center is located:

A

In the medulla and pons

43
Q

In systemic capillaries the direction of the chloride shift will be:

A

From plasma into red blood cells

44
Q

In pulmonary capillaries the following equation will progress towards the ______?
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-

A

Left

45
Q

What percent of CO2 is transported as dissolved gas in the blood plasma?

A

7

46
Q

Which of the following will decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

  1. Increased PCO2
  2. Increased temp
  3. All
  4. None
  5. Increased acidity
A

3

47
Q

At rest, only about ____% of the available oxygen in blood is used.

A

25

48
Q

Which of the following factors determine the rate of Pulmonary and Systemic Gas Exchange?

  1. Diffusion distance
  2. All
  3. Partial pressure of gases
  4. Molecular weight and solubility of gases
  5. Surface area available for gas exchange
A

2

49
Q

Oxygen partial pressure in alveolar air is ~____ and in blood returning to the lungs via the pulmonary capillaries is ~_____?

A

100mmHg, 40 mmHg

50
Q

If you lacked pleural fluid which function would be most affected?

A

The ability to inhale

51
Q

According to Boyle’s law, the reason air enters the lungs during inhalation is because:

A

Increasing the volume of the lungs decreases alveolar pressure below atmospheric pressure

52
Q

Which os the below tissues forms the exchange surface of the alveolus?

A

simple squamous epithelium

53
Q

These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant.

A

Type II alveolar cells

54
Q

This is the direction of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.

A

Oxygen out of blood, carbon dioxide into blood

55
Q

This is the direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.

A

Oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide out of blood

56
Q

This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume.

A

functional residual capacity

57
Q

Which os the following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine

A

Absoprtion

58
Q

Enzymes secreted by the pancreas into small intestine are the most active in alkaline environment. True or False?

A

True

59
Q

Which os the following organs produces bile?

A

Liver

60
Q

Bile salts from the liver and gall bladder aid in digestion of

A

lipds

61
Q

The acidic environment of the stomach:

  1. All
  2. denatures proteins
  3. inactivates salivary amylase and activates lingual lipase
  4. none
  5. kills bacteria
A

1

62
Q

Which os the following pancreatic enzymes acts of glycogen and starches?

A

amylase

63
Q

These transport dietary lipids.

A

Chylomicrons

64
Q

Which enzyme do cells in the stomach use to generate H+ to make HCl?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

Test 1.2 (4 decks)

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