Test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Systolic BP > 140, Diastolic BP >90

A

Hypertension

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2
Q

Decreased blood flow to kidneys, release of renin, renin converted to angiotensin, causes adrenals to secrete aldosterone, causes retention of sodium and release of potassium

A

CHF Fluid rention - Water follows sodium

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3
Q

Fever, flank pain, leukocytosis in urine, dysuria

A

Pyelonephritis

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4
Q

Hematuria, dark urine, edema, hypertension, initial strep infection, proteinuria, hypoproteinemia

A

glomerulonephritis

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5
Q

Increase BUN, uric acid, creatinine, low Ph, abnormal electrolyte levles, chronic anemia

A

renal failure

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6
Q

Low volumes during PFT, lesion on alveoli, internal chest wall, external chest wall, occurs during inspiration, difficult to fully fill lungs with air

A

Restrictive pulmonary disease

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7
Q

ARDS, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema, empysema, obesity, pregnancy, scoilosis

A

Examples of restrictive pulmonary disease

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8
Q

Low flow rates during PFT, lesion usually in the airways, problem during exhalation, difficult to exhale all the air in the lungs

A

Obstructive pulmonary disease

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9
Q

COPD, emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis

A

Examples of obstructive pulmonary disease

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10
Q

Obstruction is caused by

A

mucosal edema, bronchospasm, production of thick mucus

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11
Q

Result of viral infection, laryngeal spasm - especially in young children, loud, high-pitched inspiratory sounds

A

Croup

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12
Q

Viral infection, epiglottis swells and blocks airflow into lungs - usually in older children, stridor, drooling, medical emergency

A

Epiglottitis

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13
Q

Asthma triggers

A

Allergens, infections, stress, emotion, noxious fumes, cold air, over-exertion

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14
Q

A reversible inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles

A

Asthma

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15
Q

Respiratory distress, tachypnea, SOB, wheezing, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis

A

Asthma attack

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16
Q

Asthma treatment

A

albuterol, xoponex, bronchodilator, oxygen therapy

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17
Q

A carcinogen that causes pneumoconiosis

A

Asbestos

18
Q

Persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years

A

Chronic bronchitis

19
Q

excessive secretion of mucus, hypoxia, poor drainage of mucus

A

chronic bronchitis

20
Q

Obstructive disease in which alveolar and vascular tissue are destroyed, causing loss of elastic recoil

A

emphysema

21
Q

CO2 increase, O2 decrease, breath sounds, R-sided heart failure, hypoxia, cyanosis, spirometry has low flow

A

emphysema

22
Q

Combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - occurs virtually exclusively in smokers

A

COPD

23
Q

Pink in color, barrel chest, SOB, emaciated appearnace, minimal sputum

A

COPD, emphysema dominant - Pink Puffer

24
Q

Severe hypoxia, recurrent pulmonary infections, minimal weight loss

A

COPD, chronic bronchitis dominant - Blue Bloater

25
Q

Heart failure due to lung disease

A

Cor Pulmonale

26
Q

Right heart hypertrophy, jugular venous distension (JVD), ankle edema, recurrent pulmonary infections

A

Cor Pulmonale

27
Q

Environmentally induced intersitial lung disease resulting from inhaling particulate matter

A

Pneumoconiosis

28
Q

CXR shows intersitial fibrosis, dyspnea on exertion that progresses to dyspnea at rest, hypoxia, lung biopsy shows presence of dust particles

A

Pneumoconiosis

29
Q

Rapidly progressive dyspnea and SOB, severe hypoxia, dry, non-productive cough, CXR initially lags symptoms by about 24 hours

A

ARDS

30
Q

Acute inflammation of the lungs in which alveoli become filled with inflammatory fluid

A

Pneumonia

31
Q

Fever and chills, productive cough and leukocytosis, CXR reveals a diffuse RML density

A

lobar pneumonia

32
Q

Leakage of fluid from pulmonary capillaries causing the fluid to accumulate in the interstitium and then to spill into the alveoli

A

Pulmonary Edema

33
Q

Dyspnea and SOB, crackles, patient may cough up thin, pink, frothy fluid

A

pulmonary edema

34
Q

A chronic, infectious disease that usually starts in the lungs and spreads throughout the body - characterized by necrosis of lung tissue

A

Tuberculosis

35
Q

Inhaled bacteria initiate a chronic inflammatory respnse, initial, primary lesion is called a “ghon” lesion

A

Tb

36
Q

No symptoms with initial infection, re-exposed can cause fever, night sweats, weight loss, cachexia, hemoptysis, dyspnea

A

Tb

37
Q

San Joaquin Valley Fever is also called

A

Coccidioidomycosis

38
Q

Malignant neoplasia of the lung originating in the bronchi

A

lung cancer

39
Q

Tumor develops in the large, central airways, most common form of lung cancer seen in smokers

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

40
Q

Tumor arises from glandular cells in the peripheral airways

A

Adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Tumors spread through the lung, metastasize easily and early, hematogenous route (brain, bone and liver), metastasis may occur before any symptoms develop.

A

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

42
Q

A blood clot or fatty tissue globule breaks free and is carried by the blood to the Right Heart and then gets trapped in the pulmonary arteries

A

Plumonary Embolism