Test #3 Flashcards
Systolic BP > 140, Diastolic BP >90
Hypertension
Decreased blood flow to kidneys, release of renin, renin converted to angiotensin, causes adrenals to secrete aldosterone, causes retention of sodium and release of potassium
CHF Fluid rention - Water follows sodium
Fever, flank pain, leukocytosis in urine, dysuria
Pyelonephritis
Hematuria, dark urine, edema, hypertension, initial strep infection, proteinuria, hypoproteinemia
glomerulonephritis
Increase BUN, uric acid, creatinine, low Ph, abnormal electrolyte levles, chronic anemia
renal failure
Low volumes during PFT, lesion on alveoli, internal chest wall, external chest wall, occurs during inspiration, difficult to fully fill lungs with air
Restrictive pulmonary disease
ARDS, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema, empysema, obesity, pregnancy, scoilosis
Examples of restrictive pulmonary disease
Low flow rates during PFT, lesion usually in the airways, problem during exhalation, difficult to exhale all the air in the lungs
Obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD, emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis
Examples of obstructive pulmonary disease
Obstruction is caused by
mucosal edema, bronchospasm, production of thick mucus
Result of viral infection, laryngeal spasm - especially in young children, loud, high-pitched inspiratory sounds
Croup
Viral infection, epiglottis swells and blocks airflow into lungs - usually in older children, stridor, drooling, medical emergency
Epiglottitis
Asthma triggers
Allergens, infections, stress, emotion, noxious fumes, cold air, over-exertion
A reversible inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles
Asthma
Respiratory distress, tachypnea, SOB, wheezing, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis
Asthma attack
Asthma treatment
albuterol, xoponex, bronchodilator, oxygen therapy
A carcinogen that causes pneumoconiosis
Asbestos
Persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years
Chronic bronchitis
excessive secretion of mucus, hypoxia, poor drainage of mucus
chronic bronchitis
Obstructive disease in which alveolar and vascular tissue are destroyed, causing loss of elastic recoil
emphysema
CO2 increase, O2 decrease, breath sounds, R-sided heart failure, hypoxia, cyanosis, spirometry has low flow
emphysema
Combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - occurs virtually exclusively in smokers
COPD
Pink in color, barrel chest, SOB, emaciated appearnace, minimal sputum
COPD, emphysema dominant - Pink Puffer
Severe hypoxia, recurrent pulmonary infections, minimal weight loss
COPD, chronic bronchitis dominant - Blue Bloater
Heart failure due to lung disease
Cor Pulmonale
Right heart hypertrophy, jugular venous distension (JVD), ankle edema, recurrent pulmonary infections
Cor Pulmonale
Environmentally induced intersitial lung disease resulting from inhaling particulate matter
Pneumoconiosis
CXR shows intersitial fibrosis, dyspnea on exertion that progresses to dyspnea at rest, hypoxia, lung biopsy shows presence of dust particles
Pneumoconiosis
Rapidly progressive dyspnea and SOB, severe hypoxia, dry, non-productive cough, CXR initially lags symptoms by about 24 hours
ARDS
Acute inflammation of the lungs in which alveoli become filled with inflammatory fluid
Pneumonia
Fever and chills, productive cough and leukocytosis, CXR reveals a diffuse RML density
lobar pneumonia
Leakage of fluid from pulmonary capillaries causing the fluid to accumulate in the interstitium and then to spill into the alveoli
Pulmonary Edema
Dyspnea and SOB, crackles, patient may cough up thin, pink, frothy fluid
pulmonary edema
A chronic, infectious disease that usually starts in the lungs and spreads throughout the body - characterized by necrosis of lung tissue
Tuberculosis
Inhaled bacteria initiate a chronic inflammatory respnse, initial, primary lesion is called a “ghon” lesion
Tb
No symptoms with initial infection, re-exposed can cause fever, night sweats, weight loss, cachexia, hemoptysis, dyspnea
Tb
San Joaquin Valley Fever is also called
Coccidioidomycosis
Malignant neoplasia of the lung originating in the bronchi
lung cancer
Tumor develops in the large, central airways, most common form of lung cancer seen in smokers
Squamous cell carcinoma
Tumor arises from glandular cells in the peripheral airways
Adenocarcinoma
Tumors spread through the lung, metastasize easily and early, hematogenous route (brain, bone and liver), metastasis may occur before any symptoms develop.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
A blood clot or fatty tissue globule breaks free and is carried by the blood to the Right Heart and then gets trapped in the pulmonary arteries
Plumonary Embolism
