Endocrine Diseases

Question 1

Master Gland

Answer 1

Pituitary Gland

Question 2

Growth Hormone

Answer 2

Anterior Pituitary

Question 3

ADH

Answer 3

Posterior Pituitary

Question 4

Excess growth hormone before puberty, excessive linear growth, decreased mental and sexual development

Answer 4

hyperpituitarism - gigantism

Question 5

Excess growth after puberty, weight gain, enlargement of small bones; hands, feet, face, skull, prominent facial features, excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, hunchback

Answer 5

Hyperpituitarism - acromegaly

Question 6

Decreased or absent production of anterior pituitary hormones, other glands will malfunction and atrophy

Answer 6

Hypopituitarism

Question 7

Slowed growth - usually proportional, absent or delayed sexual development, short stature and height, usually very mentally sharp, common etiology is craniopharyngioma

Answer 7

Hypopituitarism - pituitary dwarf

Question 8

Causing premature aging and senility, weak; reduced muscle mass, increased body fat, dry and wrinkled skin, sex organ atrophy

Answer 8

Hypopituitarism - simmonds syndrome or chronic adult hypopituitarism

Question 9

Treatment for diseases of anterior pituitary - hyperpituitarism

Answer 9

Surgical resection of tumor, radiation therapy, medication to reduce GH secretion

Question 10

Treatment for diseases of anterior pituitary - hypopituitarism

Answer 10

Surgical resection of tumor, radiation therapy, medications to increase GH secretion

Question 11

Heredity, trauma, or disease that damages posterior pituitary

Answer 11

Diabetes insipidus

Question 12

Polyuria and polydipsia, weakness and fatigue, positive urine test

Answer 12

Diabetes insipidous - ADH insufficiency

Question 13

Increases body temperature, increases cellular metablism, increases respiration, stimulates heart and GI activity

Answer 13

Thyroxine

Question 14

Exopthalmos, nervousness, weight loss, perfuse sweating

Answer 14

Hyperthyroidism

Question 15

Treatment of hyperthyroidism

Answer 15

bring metabolic rate to normal and minimize complications, radioactive iodine, radiation and or sugery

Question 16

Physical and mental slowness, weight gain, lethargy, dry skin, coarse hair

Answer 16

Hypothyroidism - myxedema

Question 17

Disease in or injury to thyroid gland, autoimmune reaction, surgery or radiation, use of radioactive iodine, overtreatment with thyroid medication, disease of pituitary gland - lack of TSH

Answer 17

Myxedema

Question 18

Enlargement of thyroid gland, without affecting function

Answer 18

Non-toxic goiter

Question 19

Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, muscle weakness due to potassium loss, mood swings

Answer 19

Hyperadrenalism - cushings syndrome

Question 20

Autoimmune reaction that damages the gland, atrophy from steroid drug administration/abuse, TB, fungal disease, opportunistic HIV infections

Answer 20

Hypoadrenalism

Question 21

Low aldosterone causes sodium loss/fluid loss with potassium retention, low blood pressure, weakness and fatigue, areas of hyperpigmentation

Answer 21

Addison’s disease - hypoadrenalism

Question 22

Benign tumor on the adrenal medulla, excess release of norepinephrine and epinephrine

Answer 22

Pheochromocytoma

Question 23

Htn, increased cardiac output, palpitations, headache, excessive sweating, anxiety

Answer 23

Pheochromocytoma

Question 24

Four tiny glands which secrete parathormone, regulate blood levels of calcium

Answer 24

Parathyroid glands

Question 25

Hypercalcemia, muscle weakness, weak bones that fracture easily, kidney stones

Answer 25

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 26

Hypocalcemia, muscle tetany, and hyperexcitable nervous system

Answer 26

Hypoparathyroidism