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MICRB 410 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the exposure to pathogens select for MHC polymorphism?

A

unique presentation of a key antigen keeps the population alive

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2
Q

MHC Class I peptide derivation

A

cytosol

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3
Q

MHC Class II peptide derivation

A

endocytic vesicles

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4
Q

Proteasome

A

1 20S and 2 19S components

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5
Q

20S component

A

made up of 4 rings, 7 subunits each; hollow core lined with proteolytic subunits

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6
Q

protealytic subunits

A

B1, B2, and B5

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7
Q

What does the proteasome recognize?

A

polyubiquination

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8
Q

Enzyme for ubiquitinization: E1

A

ubiquitin activating enzyme; adds ubiquitin to Lysine

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9
Q

Enzyme for ubiquitinization: E2

A

ubiquitin conjugating enzyme; adds ubiquitin to Lysine

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10
Q

Enzyme for ubiquitinization: E3

A

ubiquitin ligase

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11
Q

Trigger for the Immunoproteasome

A

IFN-y secreted by NK and T-cells

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12
Q

Immunoproteasome: instead of proteolytic units

A

LMP2, LMP7, and MECL 1

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13
Q

MECL1

A

DIFFERENCE from proteasome; allows to cut after hydrophobic resides

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14
Q

PA 28 Caps

A

allow for increased rate of releasing peptides and helps get peptides to proper length

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15
Q

TAP

A

transporters associated with antigen-processing; heterodimer in ER membrane that shuttles peptides into ER; requires ATP

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16
Q

Calnexin

A

what MHC Class I a-chains binds to in the ER

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17
Q

MHC Class I peptide loading complex

A

calreticulin, tapasin, Erp-57

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18
Q

calreticulin

A

holds MHC in partially folded state

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19
Q

tapasin

A

holds MhC close to TAP

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20
Q

Erp-57

A

protects disulfide bonds in MHC

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21
Q

invariant chain

A

forms a trimer; final destination info is found on this; the final destination is endocytic vesicles

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22
Q

cathepsin S

A

cleaves Ii until the CLIP remains in the peptide binding cleft

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23
Q

HLA-DM

A

NEVER FOUND AT THE SURFACE; governs the removal of CLIP and finding of correct peptide

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24
Q

HLA-DO

A

NEVER FOUND AT THE SURFACE; acts as a negative regulator of HLA-DM; expression NOT increased by IFN-y

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25
Q

Cross presentation

A

ability to understand that the peptide is form a virus infected cell so it puts it in an MHC Class I instead of Class II

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26
Q

What changes the chemokine receptors expressed on dendritic cells?

A

toll-like receptors

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27
Q

CCR7

A

expressed when it enters the lymph node; sensitive to CCL19 and CCL21

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28
Q

CCL19 and CCL21

A

secreted from lymphoid tissue; attract T-cell to lymph node

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29
Q

What is shutoff while dendritic cells are circulating?

A

phagocytosis

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30
Q

Dendritic cell in the lymph node

A

high expression of MHC I and II because of high levels of B7.1 and B7.2

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31
Q

CCL18

A

secreted to bring T-cells into lymph nodes

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32
Q

naive T-cell

A

out of the thymus and not activated

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33
Q

L-selectin

A

binds to GlyCAM-1 and CD34 to allow rolling adhesion

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34
Q

CCL21

A

strengthens the LFA-1 and ICAM-1 interactions

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35
Q

sulfated sialyl Lewis-X moity

A

has to do with extravasation and diapedesis of T-cells

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36
Q

T-cell Dendritic Interaction: 1

A

T-cell/Dendritic LFA-1/ICAM-1

37
Q

T-cell Dendritic Interaction: 2

A

T-cell/Dendritic ICAM-3/DC-SIGN

38
Q

S1P

A

highest concentration found at the exit of lymph node to keep T-cell moving

39
Q

Protein kinase

A

phosphorylation at serine, threonine, and tyrosine activated by dimerization

40
Q

scaffold proteins

A

large, many interaction domains

41
Q

adaptor proteins

A

smaller, less interaction domains

42
Q

G-proteins

A

small GTPases; inactive: bound to GDP, active: bound to GTP

43
Q

GEF

A

Guanine Exchange Factor; inactive to active

44
Q

GAP

A

GTPase Activating Protein; active to inactive

45
Q

second messengers

A

small biochemical mediators

46
Q

phosphotidyl kinases

A

PIP2 to PIP3; Pleckstrin Homology Domain binds to PIP3

47
Q

ITAM

A

intracellar domain of T-cell receptor and CD3 complex; phosphorylated and triggers next events

48
Q

Lck

A

activated upon correct binding and will activate ITAM

49
Q

ZAP-70

A

2 SH2 domains; binds to zeta tails and is phosphorylated by Lck

50
Q

Phosphorylation of ZAP-70

A

triggers the recruitment of LAT and SLP76

51
Q

Gads

A

linker between LAT and SLP76

52
Q

Gads:SLP76:LAT complex

A

recruits Phospho-lipase C

53
Q

B7.1 B7.2 and CD28

A

phosphorylated by LCK and recruits PI3K

54
Q

PI3K

A

changes PIP2 to PIP3

55
Q

PIP3

A

recuits Itk

56
Q

Itk

A

phorphylates Phospho-lipase C

57
Q

DAG

A

only different within membrane; made from the breakdown of PIP2; 2 transcription factors

58
Q

IP3

A

completely different; made from the breakdown of PIP2; 1 transcription factor

59
Q

Activation of NFAT

A

draw it

60
Q

Activaiton of DAG

A

draw it

61
Q

Activation of NFkB

A

draw it

62
Q

Dendritic cytokines

A

triggers the T-cell into the G1 phase of the cell cycle

63
Q

IL2

A

important for cell proliferation

64
Q

Naive T-cell IL2 receptor

A

only B and y domains

65
Q

Activated T-cell IL2 receptor

A

a, B, and y domains

66
Q

T-cells

A

proliferate multiple times per day for multiple days

67
Q

What allows effector T-cells to be recruited to infected tissues?

A

changes in surface proteins

68
Q

VLA-4

A

expressed instead of L-selectin, binds with VCAM-1 that is upregulated on infected cells

69
Q

VCAM-1

A

upregulated on infected endothelial cells

70
Q

LFA-1

A

important for contacting target cells; conformational change increases the interaction with ICAM-1

71
Q

T-cell immunity

A

cell-mediated immunity

72
Q

Cytoskeleton rearrangement at the site of contact

A

microtubule organization center lines up with the Golgi

73
Q

site of contact

A

SMAC and immunological synapse

74
Q

What does a CD8 need extra for costimulation?

A

it must also bind to a CD4 effector T-cell

75
Q

B7 interaction

A

CD4 and Dendritic; causes production of Il-2 by CD4; causes upregulation of Cd40 ligand to bind to CD40 receptors on dendritic

76
Q

Upregulation of B7

A

dendritic now upregulates B7 molecules to help the CD8 get activated

77
Q

CD8: Apoptosis

A

nuclear and membrane blebbing and fragmentation of DNA (200 bp)

78
Q

CD8: Cytotoxic Granules

A

perforin, granulysin, serglycin, and granzymes

79
Q

perforin and granulysin

A

get inside the target cell

80
Q

serglycin and granzymes

A

keeps everything together

81
Q

granzymes

A

5 different ones; they’re all serine proteases

82
Q

Granzyme B: Pathway 1

A

cleaves and activates BID; TBID interacts with mitochondria to exocytose cytochrome C

83
Q

Granzyme B: Pathway 2

A

cleaves and activates Caspase 3; caspase cascade leads to the activation of CAD

84
Q

CAD

A

fragments DNA

85
Q

TH1 cells

A

activate microphages

86
Q

TH17

A

(REGULATORY) enhance neutrophil response

87
Q

TH2

A

activates cellular and antibody response to parasites; only Ab is IGE

88
Q

TFH

A

help B-cells secrete their Ab

89
Q

Treg

A

(REGULATORY) keeps the T-cells in control by stopping dendritic cells from activating T-cells

MICRB 410 (5 decks)

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