Test 3

Question 1

Amines

Answer 1

Physical odor of fish. Irritating to skin, eyes, and toxic by ingestion.

Question 2

Amine salts

Answer 2

Citric acid in lemon juice converts amines (smelly) into salts (not smelly)

Question 3

choline (quaternary ammonium salt)

Answer 3

used in fat transport and growth regulation

Question 4

acetylcholine (quaternary ammonium salt)

Answer 4

nerve impulses

Question 5

heterocyclic amines

Answer 5

(ex pyrole) caffeine, nicotine, and heme (for hemoglobin–porphyrin makes it up)

Question 6

alkaloid

Answer 6

nitrogen containing organic compound extracted from plant material. Nicotine, caffeine, and cocaine.

Medicinal: quinine treats malaria

• Atropine, dilates eye in patients and decrease saliva.
• morphine

narcotics: opium and herion

Question 7

Amide in acid (substituted ammonium salts)

Answer 7

important in digestion of peptides and proteins

Question 8

Chiral compounds

Answer 8

1. One forms has effect, second does not
   * L form SMG affects tastebuds, while d-form has no effect
2. One form has a great extent of effect
   * D-epinephrine is x20 more responsive
3. Two forms give different responses
   * D-carvone=caraway smell
   * L-carvone=spearmint smell

Question 9

D-Glucose

Answer 9

Ripe fruits and in blood sugar. Primary source of energy

Question 10

D-galactose

Answer 10

component of nmerous important biochemical substances. Used in lactose (milk sugar)

Question 11

D-fructose

Answer 11

found in many fruits and is present in honey (equally with glucose).

Question 12

D-ribose

Answer 12

Component of variety of complex molecules, including RNA and ATP.

Question 13

D-xylitol

Answer 13

reduction of d-xylose that is in sugar free chewing gum.

Question 14

Phosphate ester formation (inorganic ester formation)

Answer 14

first step in metabolism of sugars. Sugar phosphates are important in glycolysis (breakdown of glucose). ATP into ADP

Question 15

Amino sugars

Answer 15

Replace C#2 group with amino group.

• Involved in distinguishing blood types (N-acetyl-[alpha]-D-galactosamine found in type A blood)
• Amino sugars and N-acetyl derivatives found in polysaccharides of connective tissue such as cartilage

Question 16

N-acetyl derivatives in polysaccharides

Answer 16

found in connective tissue such as cartilage