TEST 2

Question 1

Antioxidant

Answer 1

substance that protects other substances from being oxidized by being oxidized itself in preference to the other substance.

• protects foods
• Vitamin E is important for body

Question 2

Phenol Flavoring

Answer 2

Thymol, Eugenol (cloves), Isoeugenol (nutmeg), and vanilla (oxidation of eugenol).

Question 3

Antiseptics

Answer 3

Some phenols, such as Eugenol.

Question 4

Methyl alcohol

Answer 4

Used as race car fuel (mixes easily with water in fire). Also called wood alcohol. Very dangerous if ingested, because oxidized by liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase which makes formic acid (formaldehyde)

Question 5

Ethyl alcohol

Answer 5

Drinking alcohol. Can cause damaged if used long term. Birth defects. Made from corn, rice, and barely. “Grain alcohol”

Question 6

Isopropyl alcohol

Answer 6

Rubbing alcohol. Cooling effect on skin, toxic but also induces vomiting, can cause paralysis

Question 7

Ethylene Glycol (toxic) and Propylene glycol (nontoxic)

Answer 7

Antifreeze and plane deicers. Ethylene can lead to kidney damage, propylene is used as drug solvent.

Question 8

Glycerol

Answer 8

consistency of honey. Present in human body as product of fat metabolism. In all animal fats and vegetable oils. Added to lotion and used by florists. Also in candies and icings to stop sugar crystallization

Question 9

Cyclic Ketones

Answer 9

Present in Vitamin K & Melanin

Question 10

Formaldehyde

Answer 10

(methanal) can be used as tissue preservative

Question 11

Acetone

Answer 11

(Propylnone) Good laboratory solvent (Both polar and non polar parts.

In urine of diabetic paitents

Question 12

lachrymator

Answer 12

causes production of tears.

• Number of aldehydes and ketones
• tear gas, MACE, wood smoke (formaldehyde), fats from meat, onions

Question 13

Steroid hormones

Answer 13

Some aldehydes/ketones (?)

Question 14

Aromatic aldehydes

Answer 14

fragrant and pleasant flavors

Question 15

melanin

Answer 15

human hair and skin

Protects against UV radiation

Question 16

unsaturated mono carboxylic acid

Answer 16

manufacture of polymeric materials

Question 17

unsaturated dicarboxylic acid

Answer 17

(fumaric and maleic acids) antihistamines (maleic) and metabolic acid (fumaric)

Question 18

Hydroxy Acids

Answer 18

Glycolic acid is in juice from sugar cane and beets
Lactic acid in sour milk, sauerkraut, and dill pickles
Malic acid and tartaric acid natural in fruits
citric acid is good for gelation and prevents growing and helps frozen fruits and microbial growth on seafood. Also metabolic

Question 19

Keto acids

Answer 19

Pyretic acid resembles vinegar

Question 20

Metabolic acids

Answer 20

From propionic acid (lactic, glycerin, and pyretic)
Succinct acid (fumaric oxaloacetic, and malic)
Glutamic acid (ketoglutaric and citric acids)

Question 21

Carboxylic acids

Answer 21

Skin care acid
loosens cells of outer layer of skin by accelerating flaking off of dead skin
Safe at concentrations less than 10%
can increase sensitivity to UV

Glycolic acid is used for spot removal
Polyunsaturated carboxylic acids treats severe acne
Tretinoin has an all trans double bond configuration

Question 22

Benedict and Fehling’s reagents, Tollen’s reagent

Answer 22

Can test for sugar in urine, or enzyme test for sugar in blood. Oxidizes Aldehydes (&ketones?) in sugar in blood

Question 23

Acetal Hydrolysis

Answer 23

important for digestion of carbohydrates

Question 24

Polyesters

Answer 24

monomers at each end (dioic acid +diol)

PET–clothing and mesh for arteries and also heart valves