Test 3 Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
o Support
o Protection
o Mineral Storage
o Blood Cell Production
Diaphysis
Shaft of the bone made of compact bone and filled with yellow marrow
Epiphysis
Ends of the bone; spongy bone surrounded by compact bone
The epiphysis contains what 3 things?
- Red Bone Marrow
- The Growth Plate
- Epiphyseal Plate
Red Bone Marrow
- Site of blood cell production
* Found in spongy bong and flat bones
Growth Plate
Region in which bone increases in length
Epiphyseal Line
Remnant of growth plate
Medullary Cavity
Space within diaphysis and increases strength of bone
Yellow Bone Marrow is located where?
The diaphysis
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
Fat Storage
Compact Bone
o Composed of osteons
o Surrounds Medullary cavity of diaphysis and the epiphyses
Spongy Bone
Composed of bony struts filled with red bone marrow
Articular Cartilage
Cartilage (hyaline) found on ends (epiphyses)
Periosteum
Fibrous connective tissue membrane covering compact bone except at articulating surfaces
The structure of long bones include what?
- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
- Medullary Cavity
- Compact Bone
- Spongy Bone
- Articular Cartilage
- Periosteum
What are the 3 types of Bone Cells?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
o Secrete the bone tissue
o Bone forming cells
Osteocytes
o Mature bone cells
o Osteoclasts “trapped” in the bone tissue they secreted
Osteoclasts
o Break down bone tissue for bone remodeling
Bone Repair includes what 4 steps?
- Blood Clot Formation
- Fibrocartilage Callus
- Bony Callus
- Bone Remodeling
Blood Clot Formation
6-8 hrs – Blood clot formed between broken bone
Fibrocartilage Callus
3 weeks – cartilaginous callus forms between broken bones
Bony Callus
3-4 months – cartilaginous callus is turned to bone
Bone Remodeling
Old bone tissue is replaced by new bone tissue
Bone renewal at a rate of up to 18% per year?
Bone Remodeling
Remodeling allows bones to respond to what?
Stress
Bone Remodeling regulates calcium levels in the blood through what two hormones?
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone
increased blood calcium by accelerating bone recycling
Calcitonin
decrease blood calcium
What are the 3 Bones of Skeletal System?
- Ligaments
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular Skeleton
Ligaments
o Dense connective tissue
o Connect bone to bone
Axial Skelton
Bones located along mid-longitudinal axis of body
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of appendages and bones connecting appendages to the axial skeleton
Joints includes what 4 things?
- Articulations
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Articulations
Regions where 2 bones meet
Fibrous
Usually immovable such as the sutures between cranial bones
Cartilaginous
Slightly movable such as the intervertebral disks
Synovial
Freely movable joints
