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Animal Biology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

o Support
o Protection
o Mineral Storage
o Blood Cell Production

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2
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of the bone made of compact bone and filled with yellow marrow

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3
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of the bone; spongy bone surrounded by compact bone

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4
Q

The epiphysis contains what 3 things?

A
  1. Red Bone Marrow
  2. The Growth Plate
  3. Epiphyseal Plate
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5
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A
  • Site of blood cell production

* Found in spongy bong and flat bones

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6
Q

Growth Plate

A

Region in which bone increases in length

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7
Q

Epiphyseal Line

A

Remnant of growth plate

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8
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Space within diaphysis and increases strength of bone

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9
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow is located where?

A

The diaphysis

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10
Q

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

A

Fat Storage

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11
Q

Compact Bone

A

o Composed of osteons

o Surrounds Medullary cavity of diaphysis and the epiphyses

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12
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Composed of bony struts filled with red bone marrow

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13
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Cartilage (hyaline) found on ends (epiphyses)

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous connective tissue membrane covering compact bone except at articulating surfaces

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15
Q

The structure of long bones include what?

A
  • Diaphysis
  • Epiphysis
  • Medullary Cavity
  • Compact Bone
  • Spongy Bone
  • Articular Cartilage
  • Periosteum
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of Bone Cells?

A
  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Osteocytes
  3. Osteoclasts
17
Q

Osteoblasts

A

o Secrete the bone tissue

o Bone forming cells

18
Q

Osteocytes

A

o Mature bone cells

o Osteoclasts “trapped” in the bone tissue they secreted

19
Q

Osteoclasts

A

o Break down bone tissue for bone remodeling

20
Q

Bone Repair includes what 4 steps?

A
  • Blood Clot Formation
  • Fibrocartilage Callus
  • Bony Callus
  • Bone Remodeling
21
Q

Blood Clot Formation

A

6-8 hrs – Blood clot formed between broken bone

22
Q

Fibrocartilage Callus

A

3 weeks – cartilaginous callus forms between broken bones

23
Q

Bony Callus

A

3-4 months – cartilaginous callus is turned to bone

24
Q

Bone Remodeling

A

Old bone tissue is replaced by new bone tissue

25
Q

Bone renewal at a rate of up to 18% per year?

A

Bone Remodeling

26
Q

Remodeling allows bones to respond to what?

A

Stress

27
Q

Bone Remodeling regulates calcium levels in the blood through what two hormones?

A

 Parathyroid hormone

 Calcitonin

28
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

increased blood calcium by accelerating bone recycling

29
Q

Calcitonin

A

decrease blood calcium

30
Q

What are the 3 Bones of Skeletal System?

A
  1. Ligaments
  2. Axial Skeleton
  3. Appendicular Skeleton
31
Q

Ligaments

A

o Dense connective tissue

o Connect bone to bone

32
Q

Axial Skelton

A

Bones located along mid-longitudinal axis of body

33
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of appendages and bones connecting appendages to the axial skeleton

34
Q

Joints includes what 4 things?

A
  1. Articulations
  2. Fibrous
  3. Cartilaginous
  4. Synovial
35
Q

Articulations

A

Regions where 2 bones meet

36
Q

Fibrous

A

Usually immovable such as the sutures between cranial bones

37
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Slightly movable such as the intervertebral disks

38
Q

Synovial

A

Freely movable joints

Animal Biology (3 decks)

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