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Embalming > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Ascites

A

Build up of fluids between abdominal wall and the organs

Presence of edema in abdomen

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1
Q

Crepitation

A

The crackling noise made by the body while pushing on gases

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2
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A

Puncture of lung, seen in CPR treatments

No odor, no skin slip, extreme gases rise to highest body areas

Gas will escape through incisions. Good arterial preservation.

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3
Q

True tissue gas

A

Anaerobic bacteria

Very strong odor, skin slip

Special tissue gas arterial solution, hypodermic injections of cavity

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4
Q

Gas gangrene

A

Anaerobic bacteria

Foul odor, infection

Strong arterial solution, local hypodermic injection of cavity chemical

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5
Q

Decomposition

A

Bacterial breakdown of body tissues

Odor, color changes, purging, skin slip

Strong chemical injection, hypo inject

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6
Q

Air From Embalming Apparatus

A

Air injected from embalming machine

First seen in eyelids, no odor

Channel after arterial injection to release gases

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7
Q

4 processes of embalming

A

Happen At The Same Time!!

  1. Injection
  2. Distribution
  3. Diffusion
  4. Drainage
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8
Q

Examples of work practice & engineering controls

A
  1. Properly operating air exchange system
  2. Prevent spillage of chemicals
  3. Cap all chemical bottles.
  4. Ensure embalming machine is in working order
  5. Keep lid on embalming machine
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9
Q

Where is the center of drainage?

A

Right atrium

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10
Q

Center of arterial solution distribution?

A

Arch of the aorta

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11
Q

5 injection techniques

A
  1. One point
  2. Split injection/drainage
  3. Multi point- 2 or more
  4. Restricted cervical
  5. Six point injection
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12
Q

Criteria for selection of an artery?

A
  1. Size
  2. Can you drain from accompanying vein?
  3. Depth of artery
  4. Effect on posing the body
  5. Proximity of the vessel to arch of aorta
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13
Q

Criteria for selection of vein for drainage?

A
  1. Size
  2. How close to right atrium?
  3. Depth
  4. How easy can it be brought to the surface?
  5. Discoloration of face
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14
Q

Short circuiting of arterial solution

A

Floods area around injection site and spills out as drainage. Can lead to over embalming near the injection site.

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15
Q

Fluids follow the path of least resistance

A

The skin area is the path of least resistance
Skin has greater amount of capillaries
Superficial areas embalm better than deeper tissues

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16
Q

Describe conditions that might require multi point injection

A
  1. Dead for a long time
  2. Decomp present
  3. Bodies with generalized edema
  4. When an area of the body doesn’t receive arterial solution
  5. Military reasons
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17
Q

Advantages to restricted cervical injection

A
  1. Amount of arterial solution in facial tissues can be controlled
  2. Large volumes can be pumped into trunk without over injecting the head/face
  3. Two solution strengths can be used. One for trunk, & face
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18
Q

Restricted cervical injection recommended when?

A

Bodies with facial trauma
Difficult to firm bodies
Normal unautopsied bodies
Jaundice bodies

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19
Q

Instant tissue fixation

A

Makes use of restricted cervical injection
Used for injection of the head
Only using a limited amount of a strong solution

Best used for:
Early decomp
Facial trauma
Facial tissues must be dried for restorative purposes

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20
Q

Drainage process

A

Brought about by displacement

Arterial solution fills vascular system & the contents (blood) are displaced

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21
Q

Contents of drainage

A

Blood
Blood clots
Embalming solution
Lymphatic fluid

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22
Q

Under what conditions does drainage not occur?

A

Traumatic death / blood loss
Bloodstream infections
Ruptured areas of the digestive tract
Accidental death, internal organs rupture

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23
Q

Under what conditions should drainage be expected?

A

Short PMI
Livor Mortis-blood can still be easily moved
Blood thinners
Body is jaundiced

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24
Q

Purpose of drainage?

A

To make room for arterial solution
Remove intravascular blood discolorations
Remove bacteria in blood
Remove an element that speeds decomp

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25
Q

Steps to take if vein for drainage tears

A

Clean area using absorbent material
Force blood from vein if possible
Clamp edge of broken wall of vein with hemostat

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26
Q

Direct heart drainage technique

A

The right atrium of the heart is drained using a trocar

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27
Q

Drainage instruments

A

Groove director
Drainage tube
Angular spring forceps

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28
Q

Advantage & disadvantage of drain tube

A

Advantage- tube keeps vein expanded, drainage can be turned off to create pressure, closed drainage technique

Disadvantage- tube may mark the face, tube can easily be pushed through into body cavity

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29
Q

Advantage & disadvantage of angular spring forceps

A

Advantage- very large opening, do not mark face, head can be positioned to the right

Disadvantage- drainage may splatter, contact with drainage increased.

30
Q

3 methods of drainage

A

Alternate - arterial solution is never injected while drainage is happening
Concurrent - injection & drainage occur at same time
Intermittent- stop and start again

31
Q

Advantage of intermittent drainage

A

Builds pressure, less time consuming

Helps prevent short circuiting

32
Q

Advantage of alternate drainage?

A

More complete distribution & more complete drainage results
Fluid diffusion enhanced

Disadvantage- takes more time & care

33
Q

Advantage of concurrent?

A

Time saving

Clots may not be dislodged
May dehydrate tissues

34
Q

How to improve drainage pre embalming

A

Selection of large vein
Selection of large drainage instrument
Pre injection fluid

35
Q

How to improve drainage during embalming?

A

Massage & pressure
Selection of another drainage site if necessary
Increase in rate of solution injection

36
Q

Closed drainage system

Advantage

A

Tubing attached to drain tube, put directly into the sewer

Allows drainage to be easily collected
Less exposure to embalmer of blood borne pathogens

37
Q

Vascular embalming four divisions & explain

A

Delivery of arterial solution from embalming machine to artery

Distribution of arterial solution from point of injection into capillaries

Diffusion movement of solution through capillaries to tissues

Drainage discharge of fluid from body

38
Q

Arterial embalming

A

Temporary preservation, sanitation, and restoration

39
Q

Intravascular resistances

A

Within blood vessels
Results from the narrowing of a lumen
Lower extremities
Strokes

40
Q

Techniques used for intravascular problems?

A

Sufficient pressure and rate of flow
Use largest artery possible
Use arterial tube of proper size to avoid damage

41
Q

Extra vascular resistances

A

Pressure placed on outside of blood vessel
Embalmer can better remove thus

Caused by bandages, rigor, gas in cavities, inflammation

42
Q

Why is resistance necessary?

A

If there were no resistance, then embalming solution would pass directly through the capillaries & into drainage

Drainage would not be possible

43
Q

3 indicators that the embalming solution is being distributed?

A
  1. Decrease in solution in tank
  2. Rate of flow valve opened & drop on pressure gauge
  3. Drainage present
44
Q

Actual pressure

A

Pressure indicated by injector gauge needle when arterial tube is open and flowing into body

45
Q

Potential pressure

A

Pressure indicated by injector gauge needle when injector motor is running & arterial tubing is clamped off.

46
Q

Differential pressure

A

Differences between potential & actual pressures

47
Q

Ideal pressure

A

Pressure needed to overcome resistance of body to distribute embalming solution to all body areas

48
Q

Ideal rate of flow

A

Rate of flow needed to achieve uniform distribution

49
Q

Signs of arterial solution distribution

A

Fluid dye
Distention of blood vessels
Blood drainage
Clearing of intravascular blood discolorations

50
Q

Signs of arterial solution diffusion

A

Dye in the tissues
Firming of tissues
Drying of tissues
Rounding of finger tips

51
Q

How to improve arterial solution distribution

A
  1. Increase rate of flow of arterial solution
  2. Increase pressure of arterial solution
  3. Inject arterial solution using pulsation.
  4. Massage the body
52
Q

If you are in doubt of whether an area of the body has received proper arterial solution, what do you do?

A

Raise the artery that supplies the area and separately inject.

53
Q

Diffusion

A

Fluid diffusion from capillaries to tissues

54
Q

Active transport

A

Nutrients pass into the cell

Does not function in dead human body

55
Q

Passage of embalming solution into body cells is brought about by?

A

Adsorption, osmosis, dialysis

56
Q

What is the oldest method of embalming?

A

Removal of the viscera & the brain

57
Q

Why do we cavity embalm?

A

To treat the organs that are not be reached by arterial injection

58
Q

What is the order of cavity embalming?

A
  1. Arterial embalming
  2. Aspiration of cavities
  3. Injection of cavity chemicals into the body cavities
  4. Closure of trocar point of entry
  5. Cleaning & washing of body
  6. Possible reaspiration
59
Q

Cavity embalming treats?

A
  1. Contents of hollow visera
  2. Walls of organs not embalmed
  3. Contents of spaces between organs & walls
60
Q

Contents of the hollow viscera that must be treated

A

Lungs, trachea Gallbladder
Stomach. Kidney, heart
Small intestine Inferior vena cava
Large intestine
Bladder

61
Q

Types of purge

A

Stomach - nose & mouth - coffee grounds liquids

Lungs - nose & mouth - frothy red

Brain - nose & ear & eyelid - gases, fractures

62
Q

Equipment used for cavity embalming

A

Hydroaspirator
Trocar
Gravity injector

63
Q

Instrument used for cavity embalming in the past rarely used today?

A

Hand pump

64
Q

What is the nine regional method?

A

Nine abdominal regions

65
Q

Four abdominal divisions

A

Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

66
Q

Trocar guides

A

Heart
Stomach
Urinary bladder
Cecum

67
Q

Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema

A

A condition where there is a noticeable amount of gas in the tissues prior to embalming.

68
Q

Advantage of cavity embalming immediately versus a delay

A

Decreases possibility of leakage
Removal of blood - no blood discolorations
Removal of microbes

Versus- maximum time for arterial solution to penetrate
Walls easier to pierce

69
Q

Cranial aspiration

A

Point of injection through nostril

Pushed through plate of ethmoid bone

70
Q

Prior aspiration before embalming? Why?

A

To relieve gases in abdomen

71
Q

How to close opening made by trocar?

A

Trocar button

Two sutures… Purse string… Reverse stitch

72
Q

Reaspiration why & when?

A

Gas present in abdomen prior to dressing
Decomp is present
Purge is present
Death from drowning

Embalming (7 decks)

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