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Embalming > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Death rattle

A

Respiratory gurgling in throat of dying person

Caused by lack of cough reflex

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1
Q

Moribund

A

A dying condition during Agonal period

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2
Q

Death struggle

A

Semi convulsive twitches that occur before death

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3
Q

Somatic death

A

The body loses physiological & metabolic activity

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4
Q

Brain death

A

If respiration & heartbeat are not reestablished

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5
Q

Biological death

A

Simple life processes of various organs and tissues cease

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6
Q

Post Mortem cellular death

A

Cells use up stored elements, overcome by autolytic processes & die

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7
Q 
How long do each take to die?
Brain & nerve cells
Muscle cells
Cornea cells 
Blood cells
A

5 min
3 hours
6 hours
6 hours

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8
Q

Necrobiosis

A

Natural death of cells

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9
Q

Necrosis

A

Cells die due to disease

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10
Q

Agonal algor

A

Cooling of body prior to death

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11
Q

Agonal hypostasis

A

Settling of blood into dependent tissues of body

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12
Q

Agonal coagulation

A

Blood begins to clot & congeal

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13
Q

Agonal capillary expansion

A

Opening of pores into walls of capillaries

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14
Q

Agonal edema

A

Increase in amount of moisture or fluids

Result from disease or capillary expansion

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15
Q

Agonal dehydration

A

Decrease in moisture or fluids

Results from disease or capillary expansion

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16
Q

Translocation

A

Movement of micros from one area to another

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17
Q

Physical changes

A

Brought on by forces of nature

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18
Q

Chemical change

A

Brought on by chemical changes

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19
Q

Algor Mortis

A

Postmortem cooling of the body

Body will cool to surrounding environment

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20
Q

Intrinsic factors vs extrinsic factors

A

Factors that affect cooling within body itself
Vs
Factors within surrounding environment

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21
Q

Hypostasis

A

Process in which blood settles

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22
Q

Livor Mortis

A

1/2 to 2 hours after death
Also known as postmortem lividity
Discoloration of skin from blood as a result from hypostasis

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23
Q

Imbibition

A

Ability of cells to draw moisture from surrounding areas into themselves

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24
Q

Sludge

A

Blood sticks together in clumps due to dehydration

Sludge does not allow for good drainage

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25
Q

5 post Mortem chemical changes

A 
Postmortem caloricity
Postmortem stain
Shift in ph 
Rigor Mortis 
Decomposition
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26
Q

Post Mortem stain

A

Blood discoloration brought on by hemolysis of the blood

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27
Q

Fermentation

A

The process by which glucose breaks down

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28
Q

Factors that would speed up decomposition

Factors that would slow down decomposition

A

Hot room vs a cold room

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29
Q

Normal PH of body

A

7.4

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30
Q

Discuss Agonal changes & how they change physical & chemical makeup of the body

A 
Physical- algor Mortis, cooling
Dehydration
Hypostasis 
Chemical-post Mortem stain 
Change in PH 
Rigor
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31
Q

What factors can speed or slow down Livor Mortis?

A

Blood volume & blood viscosity

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32
Q

Discuss PH changes in dead human body after death.

A

When we die our PH drops to 5.5 or 6.0
Acidic–> rigor Mortis
Increase in ammonia–> PH rises

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33
Q

6 stages of death

A 
Agonal
Somatic
Clinical death
Brain death
Biological death 
Postmortem cellular death
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34
Q

8 signs of death

A 
Cessation of circulation 
Cessation of respiration
Complete muscular relaxation
Algor Mortis: cooling
Rigor Mortis: stiffening
Changes in eye 
Decomp 
Post Mortem lividity
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35
Q

Agonal 4 period changes

A
  1. Temperature
    * agonal fever. *agonal algor
  2. Circular
  3. Moisture
  4. Translocation of micros
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36
Q

6 physical post Mortem changes

A 
Algor Mortis 
Hypostasis 
Dehydration
Livor Mortis
Increase in blood viscosity 
Invasion of micros
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37
Q

5 chemical changes postmortem

A 
Post Mortem Caloricity
Change in PH
Rigor Mortis 
Post Mortem stain 
Decomp
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38
Q

Cadaveric spasm

A

Violent death
No period of flaccidity
Death grip

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39
Q

5 Sign of decomp

A

Color, odor, skin slip, gases, purge

40
Q

Intrinsic factors include?

A

Body temp @ time of death
Ratio of surface area of body to body mass
Combo of both

41
Q

Extrinsic factors include?

A

Body coverings

Surrounding environment

42
Q

Primary flaccidity

A

Muscles are relaxed as death occurs

Before rigor

43
Q

Secondary flaccidity

A

Within 36 to 72 hours rigor passes naturally from a un embalmed body
Muscle proteins broken down

44
Q

Autolysis

A

Cell self decomposition
Cells have self destruct mechanisms
When body goes from alkaline to acidic these cells rupture digest surrounding material

45
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Single most important factor in initiation of decomp

Chemical reaction in which chemical bonds of a substance are split by taking in water

46
Q

Expert test of death

A

Require training
Stethoscope-heart
Ophthalmoscope-eyes
EEG-brain activity

47
Q

In expert test of death

A

Equipment and expertise for figuring out death not readily available
Ligature test-blood circulation
Pulse
Listening for heart beat

48
Q

Arterial fluid also called?

A

Vascular fluid
Preservative fluid
Concentrated embalming fluid

Arterial fluid has an index*

49
Q

Arterial solution also called?

A

Embalming solution
Primary dilution

Mixture you inject in body
Water, dye, etc

50
Q

Cavity fluid

A

Concentrated
Cavity embalming
Surface & hypodermic embalming
NOT arterially injected

51
Q

Supplemental fluids

Also known as?

A

Co-injection fluid
No preservative or disinfection qualities
Example would be dye, water corrective

52
Q

Accessory chemicals

A

Applied to body surfaces inside & out

Preservative

53
Q

Formaldehyde + water =?

A

Formalize

54
Q

Formalin components?

A

Water, methanol, & formaldehyde

55
Q

Formalin % mass & % volume

A

37% weight

40% volume

56
Q

Safe work practice when working with chemicals

A

Wear eye protection
Wear protective clothing
Wear gloves
Make sure ventilation systems are working
Wear a mask
Fill water in tank before adding chemicals

57
Q

Strong
Medium
Weak
Embalming fluid

A

26-36
16-25
5-15

58
Q

Index

A

Refers to amount of formaldehyde gas present. Measured in grams dissolved in 100ml of water

59
Q

Preservation fluids

A

Reacts with proteins. Loves proteins.
Stops decomp
Disadvantage–> embalmers grey

60
Q

Glutaraldehyde

A

Doesn’t firm tissue

61
Q

Accessory chemicals examples

A

Autopsy gels
Hardening compounds
Powdered sealing agents

62
Q

Use for autopsy gels

A

Applied as a disinfectant & odor reducer
Used to bleach un-colored areas such as post Mortem stains
Used to pack anal orifice

63
Q

Hardening compounds

A

Blends of powdered chemicals
They dry moist tissue.
Some contain deodorants & disinfect

Primary use is in the cavity of autopsied bodies

64
Q

Preservative Powder main ingredient

A

Preserves tissue

Paraformaldehyde

65
Q

Four steps for embalming analysis

A
  1. observation & eval
  2. Proposed methods of treatment
  3. Implementations
  4. Observation of results
66
Q

General embalming analysis factors & embalming treatments

A

Body condition, age
Cause & manner of death
Effect of disease

Positioning of body
Method of mouth & eye closure
Vessels for drainage/injecting

67
Q

3 guidelines to be considered in making an embalming analysis

A
  1. The body must be seen at all stages
  2. Prepare each body as if he/she is infected
  3. Prepare each body as if viewing will be delayed
68
Q

3 embalming analysis steps

A
  1. Pre embalming analysis
  2. During arterial injection
  3. Evaluation of body after arterial embalming
69
Q

Pre Embalming Analysis

Part I

A
  1. General condition of body
  2. Effects of diseases
  3. Effects of drugs or surgeries
  4. Post Mortem interval & effects
70
Q

During arterial injection

Stage II

A

What areas of body are receiving arterial solution?
What areas are not receiving?
What can be done to better stimulate flow?
Are the tissues firming?

71
Q

Evaluation of the body after

Part III

A

Are the features set properly?
Is the body well groomed?
Are the body and hair washed & dried?
Is there any leakage?

72
Q

Post Embalming Monitoring

A 
Dehydration?
Purge? 
Odor?
Softening tissues?
Tissue gas?
73
Q

Embalming treatment for decomp?

A

Restricted cervical injection
Strong solutions
Dye
Surface treatments where needed

74
Q

Embalming treatment for long time refrigeration?

A

Restricted cervical injection
Stronger solution than average
Avoid pre injection
Circulation problems expected

75
Q

Embalming treatment for emaciation

A

Restricted drainage
Add humectants to last injection
Mild solution in large volume

76
Q

Embalming treatment for arteriosclerosis in femoral artery

A

Go to common carotid & use jugular

Solution a little stronger than normal

77
Q

Preliminary preparation of the body

A

Spray topical disinfectant on clothes
Transfer body to table
Roll back & forth to remove sheet
Check for valuables

78
Q

Moving a body

A

Always try to use lifts

Always pull body towards you, don’t push

79
Q

7 mouth closure techniques

A 
Needle injector
Muscular suture  
Mandibular suture
Dental tie
Drill & wire
Chin rest 
Gluing the lips
80
Q

Mouth closure vs lip closure

A

Mouth closure raises & holds lower jaw into position

Lip closure brings together the mucous membranes

81
Q

List several reasons for placing support beneath the shoulders

A

Helps dry the body
Assist drainage
Prevent gravitation of blood into facial tissues after embalming
Assist in draining edema

82
Q

Several uses for massage cream

A

To remove Cosmo
To moisten face after shaving avoid dehydration
Protects from surface dehydration
Skin cleanser
Protects face from damage in case of stomach purge

83
Q

3 levels of body position

A

Head
Chest
Abdomen

84
Q

How does upper mucous membrane differ from lower?

A

Upper is generally longer & thinner

85
Q

Purpose of embalming fluid

A

Disinfect
Preserve
Restore

86
Q

Function of arterial fluid

A

Firms tissue
Kills bacteria
Unite with proteins to preserve

87
Q

Cosmetic fluid

A

Active dyes

Changes color of tissue

88
Q

Non cosmetic fluids

A

No dyes

Do not change color of tissue

89
Q

Formaldehyde advantage

A

Soluable in water
Does not separate
Deodorizes
Breaks down quickly

90
Q

Disadvantage of formaldehyde

A

Possible carcinogen
Embalmers grey
Unpleasent odor
Distributes poorly

91
Q

6 components of embalming fluid

A 
1 preservatives
2 disinfectants
3 modifying agent
4 vehicle
5 dye
6 perfume
92
Q

Disinfectant also know as?

A

Germicidal

Kills disease micros

93
Q

Modifying agents

A

Enhance function of arterial fluids

Retain moisture

94
Q

4 types of modifying agents

A

Humectants-add umphh
Buffers-stabilize PH
Anti coagulants-water softener
Surfactants-lower tension on surface

95
Q

Vehicle

A

Serves as a solvent

Formaldehyde dissolved in

96
Q

Dye also known as?

A

Coloring agents

97
Q

Surfactants also known as?

A

Surface active agents
Wetting agents
Surface tension reducer

98
Q

Perfuming agents also known as?

A

Masking agents
Adds pleasant odor to solution

Disadvantage~~> masks harsh odor & you don’t know it. Nasal passage irritated

Embalming (7 decks)

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