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History > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Deaths at home

A

most deaths occurred before 1945. Hospitals and nursing home deaths are a phenomenon of the 20th century after 1945

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2
Q

Procedures in the cities relating to funeralization

A

-the undertaker played an important advisory role, thus preparation of the deceased was delegated to the undertaker
-preparation was either ice or embalming by 1900.
mostly done in home. After 1900 more embalming than ice conservation
Had more to do

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3
Q

Procedure in rural areas relating to funeralization

A
  • often NO undertaker was available and funeralization tasks were performed within the family unit
  • limited to the availability of an undertaker. Varied from simply washing and dressing by family members, usually women to ice preservation and by 1900 embalming begins to dominate
  • shared responsibilities of the family
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4
Q

Furnishing Undertakers

A

Funeral Director replacing the sextan, liveryman, and cabinet maker appears first in the large cities

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5
Q

“home embalming procedures”

A

cooling board with wicker panels, gravity bottle, corpse cooler
- rudiments of cosmetics available. deceased was dressed and waked on a draped cooling board or slumber couch

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6
Q

Hand pump and jug method

A

more thorough arterial injection, venous drainage and aspiration of the cavities…. problem with swelling esp. the neck

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7
Q

telegram

A

notification of death to family

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8
Q

Casket Selection

A

usually selected from a catalog (furnishing undertaker) and sometimes from an undertakers selection room, or from a manufacturers showroom if in a large city

  • delivery problems existed but by 1880 most undertakers could be supplied within 24 to 36 hours.
  • most undertakers warehoused back up units.
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9
Q

Full Itemization

A

-First call- embalming performed in home or use or corpse cooler done before arrangements
-brief record of the deceased’s life- maintained by the funeral establishment
-clergy-type of service to be held
cemetery- info regarding lot
-pallbearers- may have to hire
florist- crepe or scarf for the door
-secure burial permits,transit permits, file death certificate
-after WWI health dept are born
-carriage and hearse rental
-chair rental or other equpment for the home

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10
Q

Mood of gloom 1880-1920

A

originated in England and was reinforced during “The Great Migration” between 1880-1920. migrators were Roman Catholic, Orthodox Christians, and Hebrews- they came to US due to industrial revolution

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11
Q

Coffin Trust

A

furnishing undertaker controlling all aspects- stopped by Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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12
Q

Role of undertaker was one of coordinator of tasks by 1880

A
  • rural setting had fewer responsibilities
  • prep of deceased at home
  • placed deceased in state on slumber couch or in a casket if available
  • working the wake, racking flowers, assisting minister
  • securing carriages and placing them in order
  • directing the funeral and cortege from the service to cemetery
  • assisting clergyman in the committal
  • cleaning home
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13
Q

undertaker licensing

A

remained unlicensed until 1895 when the states began to pass licensing legislation

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14
Q

funeral

A

involves personalized rites and ceremonies with the body present to commemorate that a life has been lived

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15
Q

procedures at graveside

A

clergyman leads the way-undertaker directs active and honorary pallbearers, seats the family , assists clergy with committal

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16
Q

personal dress

A

special mourning clothes were for widow and widower mostly black, a lack luster appearance

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17
Q

crepe or scarf

A

placed on the door to show mourning. called door badge- made of black silk and flowers.

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18
Q

Time table of mourning

A

6 months after death- deep mourning

2 full year mourning period

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19
Q

Stationary and calling cards

A

trimmed in black used by family to announce death

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20
Q

social emblems for funeral participants

A

black formal wear was required for participants

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21
Q

funeral music

A

brass band to lead a walking procession, organ music and tolling of church bells. dirges- sad and mournful humans

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22
Q

luxury couch casket

A

drop down front. gloom changed to beauty in casket designs

23
Q

Flowers

A

casket backdrops changed to floral designs, artifical flowers widely used- Hebrews were the only group to avoid flowers

24
Q

led to the control over the funeralization process that the undertaker seemed to achieve by 1900

A
  • provider of all funeral goods
  • seller of his service
  • skilled to a degree
  • transportation of the body
  • director and coordinator of all tasks
25
Q

establishment of “the funeral home”

A
  • embalming
  • crowding of cities
  • promotion by the funeral director
26
Q

rural areas

A
  • last area to accept the concept of the funeral parlor
27
Q

occupational organization

A

1880-1920 most important 40 years. modern concept of an occupational or professional association was post civil war. 1875-1900 most significant period of modern funeral service

28
Q

3 categories of occupational organization

A
  • trade union movement for skilled and unskilled labor
    -trade associations - business and industry
    -professional associations-lawyers drys engineers.
    Funderal directors couldn’t decide what group they belonged to
29
Q

2 socio-cultural movements exerted influence on associational development

A
  • general public health movement- spread of communicable disease in large cities
  • specific movement for cremation (Pennsylvania and New York “Dutch” with Arian roots
30
Q

report of the massachusetts sanitary commission

A

1850- suggesting the establishment of a system of sanitary police with state and local health dept. enforcing regulations and analyzing statistics had an impact nationally

31
Q

metropolitan health bill

A

state of NY

32
Q

federal quarantine act

A

basis for the present day federal authority in the health field

33
Q

sanitary commission

A

civil war by Rev. Dr. Henry Bellows, Minister of the all souls church in NY City

34
Q

Dr. F. Julius Lemoyne

A

1st crematory- incinerated his own body

35
Q

cremation

A

less than 1% at turn of century
support
-Atheistic medical professionals, german ethnic groups, liberal protestant clergy

36
Q

Dr. Hugo Erichsen

A

Father of the Memorial Society Movement

Cremation Society of America

37
Q

Jessica Mitford

A

brittish socialist writer. early 1960’s wrote American Way of Death

38
Q

Undertakers Mutual Protective Association of Philadelphia

A

formal organization established the “black book” with a list of delinquent clients

39
Q

Allen Durfee

A

compounder of embalming fluid. organized the 1st state association convention. 1st president of michigan association. ultimate goal was the formation of a national association

40
Q

michigan funeral directors association

A

ethical advertising, price lists (price fixing)

41
Q

National Funeral Directors Association

A

National to local level
1882
formation of suppliers association

42
Q

2 motivation factors impelling funeral directors into associational action

A

protect themselves from excessive and therefore harmful competition from within their own ranks and from destructive business practices by manufacturers and jobbers
-thfe urge to bring a sense of professionalism to what had formerly been for many a mere trade or sideline

43
Q

early leadership among new funeral directors

A

not the sons of already established undertakers but rather farm born self made men

44
Q

code of ethics

A

commercial advertising

45
Q

drummer

A

casket salesmen

46
Q

“the undertaker”- sunny side

A

first trade paper publish became sunny side

47
Q

“the casket”

A

most popular

48
Q

“the western undertaker”

A

became the “american funeral director” still printed today

49
Q

“the embalmers monthly”

A

academic works of the embalming scholars.

50
Q

trade journals

A

after 1890 the trade journals and magazines became the primary force in communicating ideas and promoting professionalism in funeral service

51
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

A

passed by congress to protect trade and commerce against monopolies

52
Q

National assoc. of general baggage agents

A

rules and regulations for transportation of bodies with contagious disease. submitted 7 general rules for shipping remains

53
Q

1st licensing board

A

1887- Board of Examiners (Ontario, Canada)

History (8 decks)

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