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Positive Psycholoyg > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Kim Phuc and how is her story related to forgiveness?

A
  • She was severely burned during an attack in the Vietnam War
  • Had 17 operations to treat her burns on 65% of her body
  • In 1996 she met on the pilots that participatd in the bombing of her hometown and forgave him stating “ forgiveness is stronger than any weapon in the world”
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2
Q

What 5 things did we say that forgivness is in class?

A
  • Giving up or cease to harbor resentmet for a wrong another has committed against oneself
  • Reducing negative feelings, thoughts, and behaviors towards the person
  • Increasing positive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors towards the person
  • A process that takes time and work
  • A paradox in that we come out of it feeling enriched and not diminished
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3
Q

What 5 things did we say that forgiveness is not in class?

A
  • Pardoning what someone else has done
  • Condoning (justifying) what someone has done
  • Excusing what someone has done
  • Forgetting what somene has done
  • Denying the harmof what someone has done
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4
Q

What are the 6 reasons people give for forgiving?

A
  • To quiet your angry feelings and feel more peaceful
  • To reduce the harmful effects of anger and hostility of health
  • To free move on from the past
  • To develop better relationships with others
  • To improve your relationship with the one who hurt you
  • To motivate the other person to change
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5
Q

What are the 4 phases of forgiveness?

A
  • Uncovering your anger
  • Deciding to forgive
  • Working on forgiveness
  • Discovery and release from negative emotions
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6
Q

What are the 5 questions for determining when positive thinking is beneficial?

A
  1. Does the person telling us about it have something to gain from getting us to believe them or do it?
  2. Is it presented as a panacea, cure-all, or solution for all of our problems?
  3. Is it just a wish or does it also include action?
  4. Is it just a way of denying reality or avoiding doing something that is hard?
  5. Can we use science to determine that it works and why it works?
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7
Q

What was the definition of humility given in class?

A
  • The ability to see yourself accurately with all of your strengths and weaknesses
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8
Q

What are 4 negative associations with humility?

A
  1. Being weak
  2. Being passive
  3. Lacking self-respect
  4. Lacking self-confidence
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9
Q

How did we define narcissism in class?

A
  • The tendency to overestimate one’s abilities of importance
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10
Q

What are the ways that self-control is like using a muscle?

A
  • Self-control requires both psychological and physical exertion
  • The capacity for self-control becomes depleted after it is used
  • Self-control can grow stronger through regular exercise
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11
Q

What were the findings of Walter Mischel’s marshmallow regarding the “grabbers” and the “waiters”?

A
  • The “grabbers”
    • had low self-esteem
    • were viewed by others as stubborn
    • were prone to envy
    • were easily frustrated
  • The “waiters”
    • better copers
    • more socially competent, self-assertive, trustworthy, dependable
    • more academically successful- with SATs 210 points higher
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12
Q

What were the findings of Rodin and Langer’s experiment regarding those who were and were not assigned to care for plants?

A
  • The low control group (given a houseplant but told the nurse would care for it)
    • worsened in physical health
    • more in this group died (30%, 13 of 44)
  • The high control group (those given the houseplant and told to care for it)
    • more active, vigorous, and sociable
    • improved in physical health
    • (15%, 7 of 47)
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13
Q

What was the definition of self-efficacy that we focused on in class?

A
  • The belief that you can do what it takes to reach an important and specific goal
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14
Q

What are the 4 ways that self-efficacy may make a difference?

A
  1. It may make you more likely to approach difficult tasks
  2. It may make you set more challenging goals
  3. It may enable you to sustain your efforts
  4. It may reduce the stress and emotional distress
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15
Q

What are the 2 ways that self-efficacy may improve health?

A
  1. Increasing good health behaviors
  2. Decreasing the stress response
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16
Q

What are Bandura’s 5 sources of self-efficacy?

A
  1. Performance experiences
  2. Vicarious experiences
  3. Verbal persuasion
  4. Imaginal experiences
  5. Physiological and emotional states
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17
Q

What is the Life Orientation test?

A
  • it measures optimism - positive expectancies about the future
  • it measures pessisism - negative expectancies about the future
  • they may not be just the opposite - you may be both high or low on both optimism and pessisism
18
Q

What are the 2 subscales of the Dispositional Hope Scale Measure?

A
  1. Agency thinking - the motivation, energy, and thinking about reaching a goal.. the will to reach a goal
  2. Pathways thinking - the planning to overcome barriers in reaching our goals….the ways to reach a goal
19
Q

Why might optimism be related to better outcomes?

A
  • it may be related to increased self-efficacy
  • it it related to persevering at trying to reach your goals
  • it is related to a more active, problem-solving approach to stress and reaching your goals
20
Q

What is the difference b/n optimism and hope, in Snyder’s way of thinking?

A
  • Optimism involved jsut expecting good things to happen
  • Hope involves actively doing something to make good things happen
21
Q

Why might have optimism evolved in humans?

A
  • It enabled people to begin to think ahead
  • evolved to help us counteract the fear and paralysis that thoughts about negative outcomes and death might entail
22
Q

What is depressive realism?

A
  • the idea that depressed people are less optimistic but more realistic than people who are not depressed
23
Q

What are the 3 meanings that have been associated with humor?

A
  1. The playful recognition of incongruities
  2. The ability to make others laugh
  3. A cheerful view on adversity
24
Q

What trait has been most associated with humor?

A
  • Cheerfulness has been most associatd with humor
25
Q

What are George Vailliant’s 2 main kinds of humor?

A
  1. Hostile - seen as an aggresive means for controlling others and less likely to afford relief from stress b/c it may alienate others
  2. Self-deprecating - seen as adaptive b/c laughing at ourselves while undergong stress can lessen the emotional impact of stressful events
26
Q

What are 2 primary measures of humor?

A
  1. Situational Humor Response Questionaire (SHRQ)
    1. males are higher
  2. Coping Humor Scale (CHS)
    1. females are higher
27
Q

What are the 4 major findings on humor and health?

A
  1. Humor may be a positive asset in recovery from illness
  2. Humor may be a positive asset for dealing with mortality
  3. Humor may improve immune system functioning
  4. Humor may reduce the harmful effects of the stress response
28
Q

What is the definition of flow and what is it’s central feature?

A
  • Definition: The subjective state people report when they are completely involved with an activity to the point of forgetting everything else, such as time and fatigue
  • Central feature: Intense experiential involvement in moment-to-moment activity
29
Q

What are the 3 foci of the appreciation of beauty and excellence?

A
  1. Physical beauty
  2. Skill or talent
  3. Virute or moral goodness
30
Q

What 5 emotional states are related to the appreciation of beauty and excellence?

A
  1. Awe
  2. Wonder
  3. Astonishment
  4. Admiration
  5. Gratitude
31
Q

What 2 things are necessary in order for the emotion of awe to occur?

A
  1. The perceived vastness of a stimulus
  2. Some difficulty accomadating the stimulus into the individual’s knowledge structures
32
Q

What are the 2 kinds of gratitude?

A
  1. Personal gratitude
  2. Transpersonal gratitude
33
Q

What are the 3 moral functions of gratitude?

A
  1. To serve as a moral barometer
  2. To serve as a moral motive
  3. To serve as a moral reinforcer
34
Q

What are the 4 facets of gratitude?

A
  1. Gratitude intensity
  2. Gratitude frequency
  3. Gratitude span
  4. Gratitude density
35
Q

How did we define meaning and purpose in class?

A
  • Define meaning as the extent to which we can find order or coherance in what happens around us
  • Define purpose as the degree to which we have a valued goal or valued goals in our lives
36
Q

What are the 2 types of meaning?

A
  1. Ultimate meanings in life
  2. Specific meanings in life
37
Q

What are the 3 components of meaning?

A
  1. Cognitive - meaning consists of thoughts about what is important and what you value
  2. Motivational - meaning is motivating - you devote the most time and energy to what is most meaningful to you
  3. Emotional - you will have strong feelings about what is most meaningful to you
38
Q

What is the difference b/n authentic and imposed meaning?

A
  • Imposed:
    • Parental - becoming a doctor, lawyer, “follow in my footsteps”
    • Peers - being “cool”
    • Extrinsic religiosity - religion to please others rather than being intrinsically meaningful to you
    • Society - the American dream- the house, the car, the family
  • Authentic
    • involves all 3 components
    • brings you energy vs, draining your energy
    • enables you to frequently experience bliss
39
Q

How did we define spirituality and religion in class?

A
  • Spirituality focuses on a personal relationship with the sacred or the divine
  • Religion focuses on involvement with an organized community of faith
40
Q

What are 7 reasons why spirituality or religion may be bad for you or your health?

A
  1. Suspension of critical thinking
  2. Absolute obediance to one person
  3. Extreme group conformity -
  4. Justifying abuse in the name of “God”
  5. Twisting of scripture
  6. Manipulation by fear
  7. Social rejection and exclusion
41
Q

What are 4 reasons why spirituality and religion may be good for you or your health?

A
  1. It may increase a sense of meaning an purpose in life
  2. It may increase good health behaviors
  3. It may increase positive emotions
  4. It may serve to motivate and empower people to confront injustice and improve human community
42
Q

What are Brian Seaward’s 4 main themes of spirituality?

A
  1. Centering
  2. Emptying
  3. Grounding
  4. Connecting

Positive Psycholoyg (3 decks)

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