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Positive Psycholoyg > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three things that positive psychology has focused on?

A
  1. snfajoajoajojoadfjodsjfsdjfpsjapjsdjofjsososssStrengths or positive qualities
  2. Positive subjective states
  3. Instiutions and social forces that promote them
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2
Q

What were you asked to do for a class exercise when you paired up with another person?

A
  • t Talked to another person about some challenges they have faced and what strengths they used to overcome them
  • helped them to identify a time when they were at their best
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3
Q

Who is the founder of the Positive psychology movement?

A
  • Mark Seligman
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4
Q

What 3 people did background work for positve psychology?

A
  • Carl Jung’s work concenerning spirituality and the search for and discovery of the meaning of life
  • Abraham Maslow’s work on self-actuality and the psychology of peak experiences
  • Carl Rogers work on becoming a fully functional person
    • becoming your best authentic self
    • power of unconditional power regard or acceptance
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5
Q

What two schools of psychology have provided the background for Positve Psychology?

A
  1. Humanistic psychology’s focus on an inherit ability to grow towards filling our potential
  2. Existentia psychology’s focus on the importance of meaning and the purpose in life
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6
Q

What are the 3 components of happiness as defined by psychology?

A
  1. High life satisfaction
  2. Few negative emotions
  3. Many positive emotions
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7
Q

What is the broaden and buld theory and who developed it?

A
  • Broaden
    • one function of positive emotions is to broaden the number of things a person can do - to increase the thoughts and behaviors that come to mind
  • Build
    • another funciton is to build enduring personal resources (strengths) that can be used to adapt to the environment and successfully live our lives
  • developed by Barbara Fredrickson
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8
Q

What are the 4 positive emotions that may broaden and increase what you can do?

A
  1. Joy
  2. contentment
  3. Love
  4. Interest
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9
Q

What are the 3 things that Barbara Fredrickson’s experiments have shown about positive emotions?

A
  1. Experiencing positive emotions is related to greater creativity
    1. People think of more alternatives to problems and more different ways to look at things
  2. The experience of positve emotons has been linked to better quality of living
    1. Even for those with pain and medical disorders
  3. Experiencing positive emotions has also been related to resilience- or the ability to bounce back from stressful situations
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10
Q

What are the 4 myths about when a person will be happy?

A
  1. I’m married to the right person
  2. I have kids
  3. I find the right job
  4. I’m rich
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11
Q

What are the 6 myths about when a person can’t be happy?

A
  1. I’m broke
  2. I don’t have a partner
  3. My relationship has fallen apart
  4. The test results were positive
  5. I’ll never play shortstop for the yankees
  6. The best years of my life are over
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12
Q

What is a maximizer and a satisficer?

A
  • Maximizer: if you seek and only accept the best
    • try to seek out information, evaluate all of their options,and make the best choice
  • Satisficer: will choose someting this is good enough and not worry about the possibility that there might be something better
    • are more laid back about choice; evaluate a group of options until they find one that is good enough, and then they stop looking
  • Maximizers make slightly better decisons but are less happy with them
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13
Q

What is the hedonic treadmill?

A
  • As people rise or fall in their accomplishments, their expectations adjust to a new level
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14
Q

What are the 5 elements of well-being in Martin Seligman’s new model in his book called “Flourishing”?

A
  1. Positive emotions
  2. Engagement
  3. Positvie relationships
  4. Meaning
  5. Accomplishment
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15
Q

What is eudaimonia and elevation?

A
  • Eudaimonia
    • Mark seligman associated it with the “good life”- in the sense of lasting fulfillment, satisfaction, and happiness
    • “being true to your inner self”- what brings you lasting happines, whether or not it does for anyone else
  • Elevation
    • a warm uplifting feeling that people experience when they see unexpected acts of goodness, kindness, courage, or compassion
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16
Q

What are the 6 questions to help people identify their most important goals in life?

A
  1. Who are you heroes?
  2. What are you values?
  3. What are your goals?
  4. What has brought you the most happiness in the past?
  5. What is your bliss?
  6. How would you like to be remembered?
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17
Q

How does Joseph Campbell define following your bliss?

A
  • ” The deepest sense of being in form and going where your body and soul wants to go”
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18
Q

What is the hero’s journey or monomyth as described by Joseph Campbell?

A
  • The hero’s quest is the story of trying to face all of our obstacles and challenges and trying to find the help we need to reach our most important goals
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19
Q

What ideas did Joseph Campbell borrow from Carl Jung?

A
  • Campbell built his work on Jung’s ideas about the collective unconscious and the value of myth
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20
Q

What are the 10 steps in the hero’s journey as stated in the powerpoint?

A
  1. The ordinary world: an uncomfortable home or place where there is limited awareness of the problem
  2. The call to adventure: increased awareness that there is a problem and a chance for change or moving towards soemthing new
  3. Refusal of the call: reluctant or resistant for change; fear, hesistation, and ambivalence, are frequently experienced at the start of a big change
  4. Meeting the mentor: overcoming fear and reluctance by meeting a mentor or finding someone or something with the wisdom that can help you find the courage and confidence you need
  5. Crossing the threshold: committing to change, facing the challenge involved in making the journey
  6. Tests, allies, and enemies: experimenting with the first change, initial trials and triibulations
  7. Approach and preparation; preparing for a big change
  8. The ordeal: attempting a big change
  9. Reward and resurrection; the final attempt at a big change; seizing the sword, facing death, and experiencing rebirth
  10. Return with the elixir: the final mastery of the problem and the and the offering back for others
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21
Q

Why is the Hero’s journey relevant for positive psychology?

A
  • The hero’s journey can inspire, motivate, and guide us on the way and positive psychology can give us the best tools possible for successfully making the journey
22
Q

What did James Pennebaker find in his research?

A
  • found that writing about stressful experiences can be healing- if we form a coherant narrative or story
23
Q

What did Laura king find in her research?

A
  • found that writing about your best possible self and reaching your goals can increase well-being
24
Q

What are the names of the 6 virtues?

A
  1. Wisdom
  2. courage
  3. humanity
  4. justice
  5. temperance
  6. transcendence
25
Q

What were the 5 positive psychology interventions tested in the Martin Seligman study we talked about?

A
  1. Identifying signature strengths: participants were asked to take the VIA survey w/out the instruction to use them in a new way
  2. You at your best: participants were asked to write about a time when they were at their best and then to reflect on the personal strengths displayed in the story
  3. Gratitude visit: participants were given one week to write and then deliver a letter of gratitude in person to someone who had been especially kind to them but had never been properly thanked
  4. 3 good things in life:
  5. Using signature strengths in a new way
26
Q

What 2 interventions in the Seligman study had the longest lasting effects?

A
  • Three good things in life
  • Using signature strengths in a new way
27
Q

What was the brief definition of creativity given in class?

A
  • ” Adaptive originality”
    • it must be original- novel, surprising, unexpected
    • it must be adaptive
    • someting novel that is also useful
28
Q

What are the big “C” and little or small “c” creativity?

A
  • Big “C”
    • exceptional creativity, such as great scientists, poets, composers, and painters
  • Little “c” creativity
    • everyday creativity, ingenuity, generating creative solutions to everday problems you encounter at home and work
29
Q

What are convergent and divergent thinking?

A
  • Convergent: involves the convergence (coming together) on a single correct response, such is characteristic of most aptitude tests
  • Divergent: involves the generation of many alternative responsess, including ideas of considerable variety and originality; thinking outside the box
30
Q

What are the 3 types of creativity measures and how do they assess creativity?

A
  • Product measure
    • asses the products of creativity
    • ex. poems, stories, paintings
  • Process measures
    • assess the mental processes that underlie an act of creativity
    • ex. Remote associations test
  • Person measures
    • creativity requires a specific profile of characteristics or experiences
      • ex. creativity personality scale
31
Q

What factors inhibit the development or expression of creativity?

A
  • when stress is very high
  • when people are under time pressure
  • when their work is closely supervised
  • when work is constantly subject to critical examination
  • when severe constrains are placed on the range of solutions
32
Q

What factors promote the development of creativity?

A
  • Enviroments that are:
    • supportive
    • reinforcing
    • open
    • informal
33
Q

What are the 2 driving forces in Spielberger and Staff’s optimal stimulaiton/dual process theory and how do they balance each other?

A
  • when curiosity is stronger than anxiety, individuals explore their environment
  • when anxiety is stronger than curiosity, individuals tend to disengage from goals to reduce risk and stimulation
34
Q

What is openness to experience?

A
  • one of the big 5 persoanlity characteristics
  • it is a personality dimension involving receptivity to novel fantasies, feelings, ideas, and values
  • involves imaginative, artistic, and unconventional tastes and activities
35
Q

Why is secure attachment important for the development of curiosity?

A
  • it provides a safe and stable base for exploring the environment and having novel experiences
36
Q

What are the 3 ways that curiosity is related to greater well-being?

A
  • It may be related to increased sensitivity to rewards
  • It may be related to increased intrinsic motivation
  • It may increase how selective and responsive you are to activities that are enriching
37
Q

How is open-mindedness defined in the Values in Action survey?

A
  • the willingness to search actively for evidence against one’s favored beliefs, plans, or goals, and to weigh such evidence fairly when it is available
38
Q

What is selective exposure?

A
  • people maintain their beliefs by exposing themselves to information that they already know is likely to support what they want to believe
39
Q

What is the difference b/n intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

A
  • Intrinsic motivation: learning for its own sake, to provide challenge, satisfy curiosity, create interest and enjoyment
  • Extrinsic motivation: a means to an end, to get good grades, to win a promotion, to please someone, to get into graduate school or get a good job
40
Q

What are the 4 things that increase the love of learning?

A
  • Competence
  • Value
  • well-developed individual interest
  • feeling independent and autonomous
  • feeling challenged
  • having a sense of possilbility
  • being resourceful
  • having a sense of self-efficacy
41
Q

What 2 psychologists have done the most to contribute to the study of wisdom?

A
  • Robert Sternburg of Yale University
  • Paul Baltes of the Max Planck group in Germany
42
Q

What are the 2 parts of Robert Sterberg’s definition of wisdom?

A
  • practical knowledge of real world pursuits
  • how well you handle critical situations on the job in relationships
43
Q

What are the 5 criteria for what is wise according to Paul Baltes?

A
  1. Rich factual knowledge about the fundamental factualities of life-
  2. Rich procedural knowledge about the fundametal practicalities of life
  3. Life span contextualism
  4. values relativism and tolerance- acknowledgement of individual and cultural differences in values
  5. Recognition and management of uncertainty
44
Q

What are the 3 ways that psychology has conceptualized wisdom?

A
  1. wise products
  2. wise people
  3. wise processes
45
Q

What is the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm?

A
  • research studies of wisdom
  • participants are asked to read short vignettes about problems of life management, planning, and review
  • they are then asked to thing aloud about these life problems, and their responses are recorded and transcribed
  • a selected panel of trained judges then rates the protocols according to the 5 criteria
46
Q

What are the 3 things that lead to wisdom?

A
  1. Facilitative experimental contexts
  2. Expertise relevant factors
  3. Person related factors
47
Q

What are the 3 parts of the definition of bravery?

A
  1. Brave/valorous action must be voluntary- you are not forced to do something
  2. Bravery must involve a judgement- an understanding of risk and an acceptance of the consequences of action
  3. Bravery requires the presence of danger, loss, risk, or potential injury
48
Q

What are the 6 personal characteristics that may lead to bravery and courage?

A
  1. self-confidence
  2. internal locus of control
  3. valuing indepence and freedom
  4. low levels of arousal under stress
  5. a sense of oneness with other people
  6. prosocial orientation
49
Q

What are the 3 types of bravery?

A
  1. Physical bravery
  2. Moral bravery
  3. Psychological bravery
50
Q

What are the 7 ways to increase bravery and courage?

A
  1. self-confidence
  2. finding a good mentor
  3. identifying good examples of courage
  4. finding a support group
  5. specific training for challenging tasks
  6. psychotherapeutic techniques
  7. think of your life as a hero’s journey and find a hero to identify with

Positive Psycholoyg (3 decks)

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