Test 3 Flashcards
What process in the liver increases after you have run out of glucose and glycogen?
Beta-oxidation
How does an increase in the level of cytoplasmic NAD affect ATP production in mitochondria?
ATP production increases
What is a function of mesenteries?
Stabilize organs of abdominal cavity. Provide route for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels to and from the digestive tract. Prevent intestines from being tangled with changes in body position.
What is the primary role of the TCA cycle in the production of ATP?
Transfer electrons from substrates to coenzymes
What path does air take when flowing from the glottis to respiratory membrane?
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli
What role do the nasal conchae play in the respiratory system?
Trapping airborne particles in mucous. Warming and humidifying incoming air. Bringing olfactory stimulation to olfactory receptors.
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract called?
Peristalsis
Functions of the stomach include all of the following EXCEPT?
Absorption of triglycerides
What is the primary source of flatus emitted from the intestines?
Indigestible carbohydrates acted on by bacteria
What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?
Large intestine
If surfactant is not produced,alveoli__ due to___.
Collapse; increase in surface tension
Parietal cells secrete?
Hydrochloric acid
The pylorus empties into the?
Duodenum
4 major layers of the GI tract are?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning the efficiency of gas exchange?
The difference in parietal pressure across the respiratory membrane is minimal
Sometimes called “good cholesterol,”___ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.
High density lipoproteins(HDL’s)
Which type of epithelium lines the intestines, and why?
Simple columnar epithelium; because this area is involved with the absorption of nutrients
The basic functional unit of the liver is the?
Lobule
What contributes to the increased amount of urea in blood during the post absorptive state?
Protein digestion
Why is catabolism of dietary carbohydrates and proteins considered “not as productive” as catabolism of lipids?
Lipids release almost twice the energy of proteins or carbohydrates
The major histological differences between the large intestine and small intestine are that the large intestine__.
Lacks villi, has abundant goblet cells, and has deeper intestinal glands
How do most chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system?
Through lacteals
What is the functional relationship between hemoglobin and pH?
As pH drops,Hbo2 saturation declines
The liver has more than 200 critical functions, which of the following in NOT a liver function?
Secretion of CCK, storage and concentration of bile
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the transport of the respiratory gases in blood?
CO2 binds to the Fe2+ center of the hemoglobin molecule
Which of the following statements correctly states the absorption of an ion/vitamin?
Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed from micelles along with dietary lipids
Beyond transport of respiratory gases, how do the respiratory and cardiovascular systems interact?
Regulation of BP by activation of angiotensin 2. Bicarbonate ions contribute to the buffering capacity of blood.
What is the electron transport system’s role in the generation of ATP?
It creates a steep concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Why are proteins an impractical source of quick energy, a “last ditch” source of energy?
Proteins are more difficult to break apart than are carbohydrates or lipids. NH4, a by-product of protein catabolism, is toxic. Protein catabolism threatens homeostasis.
Why do athletes in intensive training try to maintain a positive nitrogen balance?
They actively synthesize N compounds, so must absorb more than they secrete
Why does a diet that is deficient in pyridoxine (vitamin B6) affect protein metabolism?
The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6
Why does hypervitaminosis more commonly involve fat-soluble vitamins?
Excess fat-soluble vitamins are stored in body lipids
What effect does vasoconstriction of peripheral blog vessels have on an individuals body temperature on a hot day?
Increase in body temperature
Which of the following is a true statement?
Glycogenesis will facilitate the storage of glucose in cells
What is NOT true with regard to glycolysis?
It is an anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm. The first step of glycolysis phosphorylates glucose and traps it in the cell. The breakdown of glucose can lead to lactic acid accumulation.
What process in the liver increases after you have eaten a high-carbohydrate meal?
Glycogenesis
