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Pta 120 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

THREE STAGES THAT HEART WORKS IN

A
  1. Blood flows into atria 2. Both atria contract at the same time, force blood into the ventricles 3. Both ventricles contract at the same time, force blood through the pulmonary artery and aorta
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2
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery in the body. Exits the heart from the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body

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3
Q

Right and left pulmonary arteries KNOW

A

the largest arties carrying deoxygenated blood, exiting the right ventricle to lungs

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4
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

largest vein that enters the right atrium carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body

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5
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

large vein that enters the right atrium carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body.

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6
Q

Right and left pulmonary vein KNOW

A

return from the lungs bringing oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

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7
Q

Three layers of heart

A

Epicardium Outside layer This layer is the visceral pericardium Connective tissue layer Myocardium Middle layer Mostly cardiac muscle – contracts Endocardium Inner layer Endothelium

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8
Q

Artery

A

oxygenated blood (arteriole)

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9
Q

Vein

A

deoxygenated blood ( venule)

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10
Q

Capillary

A

exchange of O2, CO2, water

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11
Q

R Atrium

A

 The R Atrium receives __deoxygenated__blood from superior and inferior vena cavae

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12
Q

valve to Right ventricle

A

Tricuspid

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13
Q

R Ventricle

A

contracts and sends blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the ___Pulmonary_Artery____to the lungs

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14
Q

L Atrium

A

receives newly __oxygenated __Blood__

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15
Q

Blood passes

A

 Blood passes thru the __Left Artium___into the L ventricle

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16
Q

L ventricle

A

pumps blood past _Arotic semilunar valve__ into the aorta

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17
Q

Blood circulates

A

throughout the body and back to the heart again

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18
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation phase

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19
Q

Systole

A

contraction phase

20
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle in a 1 minute period.

21
Q

Heart rate X stroke volume =

A

Cardiac output

22
Q

Cardiac cycle

A
  • the contraction phase of the heart is the Systole (atrial contraction squeezing all the blood form the atria into ventricles, causing them to be full) and the relaxation phase is the diastole (both atria fill with blood while AV valves are closed).
23
Q

know

A

Karnoven formula

24
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

• The branches of the coronary arteries are first divided into two major coronary arteries, the Left Main and Right Coronary Artery. • The left main divides into the Left anterior Descending (LAD) and the Circumflex. • The right branches into the right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery. • They both provide nourishment of the heart muscle.

25
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Sudden onset of left-sided chest pain • Squeezing, pressure, heaviness • Pain may radiate down left arm and upper back

26
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

plaque buildup along artery walls, narrowing and thickening • As arteries become obstructed, symptoms related to lack of blood flow and location of affected vessel

27
Q

Artherioscleosis

A

hardening of the artery walls of the smaller arterial vessels found in the extremities of the limbs and in the body organs. • Causes increased resistance to blood flow • Increases blood pressure

28
Q

Coronary Angioplasty

A

A procedure used to open narrow or blocked coronary (heart) arteries. • The procedure restores blood flow to the heart muscle

29
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

Sudden stop to the heart, electrical problem • breathing stops, unconsciousness, death may occur in minutes

30
Q

Myocardial Infraction MI

A

blood flow to the heart is blocked • dyspnea, angina, tachycardia, slow or absent breathing • Area of involvement is in the left ventricle.

31
Q

Ischemia

A

lack of blood supply to an area of tissue or part of an organ.

32
Q

Ischemic Heart Disease

A

Heart is deprived of blood supply -> reduced heart function • angina pectoris, acute MI, sudden cardiac arrest and death, and chronic ischemic heart disease with CHF

33
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

the heart is not able to pump enough blood for the body’s needs • pulmonary or peripheral edema

34
Q

Endocarditis

A

bacterial infection of the lining of the heart • fever and weakness

35
Q

Hypertension

A

Intermittent or sustained elevated blood pressure (Silent killer) Contributing factors to HTN: Heredity, DM, Obesity, cigarette smoking, lack of exercise and Prolonged and recurrent stress

36
Q

Primary hypertension

A

no link to disease

37
Q

Secondary Hypertenison

A

result of coexisting disease

38
Q

Malignant Hypertension

A

uncontrollable, severe, rapidly progressing

39
Q

Know

A

Hypertension Chart

40
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

a condition in which Rheumatic Fever is a precursor to mitral value disease which results in an acute fever caused by a streptococci throat infection.

41
Q

Reynaud’s

A

Periodic temporary, severe, arterial vasospasms in superficial tissues (see more in women than male) • Skin turns white then blue, followed by sensations of numbness • Cold to touch

42
Q

DVT

A

A type of thrombophlebitis – inflammation and clotting in veins caused by infection, trauma, reduced blood circulation due to prolonged immobility and recent surgery. ◦ Lower extremity veins most affected ◦ Pain in posterior calf, swelling, tenderness

43
Q

S/S DVT

A

Pain in the posterior calf, swelling, tenderness +Homan’s sign-pain in calf when ankle PF or DF passively

44
Q

Tx

A

Compression pumps, elastic stockings

45
Q

Buerger’ Disease

A

(thromboangiitis Obliterans) Inflammatory condition of small and medium-sized arteries of the upper and lower extremities

46
Q

Varicose Veins

A

Blood flow is turbulent and slow favoring clotting which can lead to thrombus formation

47
Q

Anemias

A

Can cause changes to red blood cells in shape and decreased number, leads to decreased iron broken down for new red blood cell development • Cause a reduction of oxygen transportation

Pta 120 (2 decks)

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