Test 3

Question 1

THREE STAGES THAT HEART WORKS IN

Answer 1

1. Blood flows into atria 2. Both atria contract at the same time, force blood into the ventricles 3. Both ventricles contract at the same time, force blood through the pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 2

Aorta

Answer 2

largest artery in the body. Exits the heart from the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body

Question 3

Right and left pulmonary arteries KNOW

Answer 3

the largest arties carrying deoxygenated blood, exiting the right ventricle to lungs

Question 4

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 4

largest vein that enters the right atrium carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body

Question 5

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 5

large vein that enters the right atrium carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body.

Question 6

Right and left pulmonary vein KNOW

Answer 6

return from the lungs bringing oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

Question 7

Three layers of heart

Answer 7

Epicardium Outside layer This layer is the visceral pericardium Connective tissue layer Myocardium Middle layer Mostly cardiac muscle – contracts Endocardium Inner layer Endothelium

Question 8

Artery

Answer 8

oxygenated blood (arteriole)

Question 9

Vein

Answer 9

deoxygenated blood ( venule)

Question 10

Capillary

Answer 10

exchange of O2, CO2, water

Question 11

R Atrium

Answer 11

 The R Atrium receives __deoxygenated__blood from superior and inferior vena cavae

Question 12

valve to Right ventricle

Answer 12

Tricuspid

Question 13

R Ventricle

Answer 13

contracts and sends blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the ___Pulmonary_Artery____to the lungs

Question 14

L Atrium

Answer 14

receives newly __oxygenated __Blood__

Question 15

Blood passes

Answer 15

 Blood passes thru the __Left Artium___into the L ventricle

Question 16

L ventricle

Answer 16

pumps blood past _Arotic semilunar valve__ into the aorta

Question 17

Blood circulates

Answer 17

throughout the body and back to the heart again

Question 18

Diastole

Answer 18

relaxation phase

Question 19

Systole

Answer 19

contraction phase

Question 20

Cardiac output

Answer 20

Amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle in a 1 minute period.

Question 21

Heart rate X stroke volume =

Answer 21

Cardiac output

Question 22

Cardiac cycle

Answer 22

• the contraction phase of the heart is the Systole (atrial contraction squeezing all the blood form the atria into ventricles, causing them to be full) and the relaxation phase is the diastole (both atria fill with blood while AV valves are closed).

Question 23

know

Answer 23

Karnoven formula

Question 24

Coronary Arteries

Answer 24

• The branches of the coronary arteries are first divided into two major coronary arteries, the Left Main and Right Coronary Artery. • The left main divides into the Left anterior Descending (LAD) and the Circumflex. • The right branches into the right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery. • They both provide nourishment of the heart muscle.

Question 25

Angina Pectoris

Answer 25

Sudden onset of left-sided chest pain • Squeezing, pressure, heaviness • Pain may radiate down left arm and upper back

Question 26

Atherosclerosis

Answer 26

plaque buildup along artery walls, narrowing and thickening • As arteries become obstructed, symptoms related to lack of blood flow and location of affected vessel

Question 27

Artherioscleosis

Answer 27

hardening of the artery walls of the smaller arterial vessels found in the extremities of the limbs and in the body organs. • Causes increased resistance to blood flow • Increases blood pressure

Question 28

Coronary Angioplasty

Answer 28

A procedure used to open narrow or blocked coronary (heart) arteries. • The procedure restores blood flow to the heart muscle

Question 29

Cardiac Arrest

Answer 29

Sudden stop to the heart, electrical problem • breathing stops, unconsciousness, death may occur in minutes

Question 30

Myocardial Infraction MI

Answer 30

blood flow to the heart is blocked • dyspnea, angina, tachycardia, slow or absent breathing • Area of involvement is in the left ventricle.

Question 31

Ischemia

Answer 31

lack of blood supply to an area of tissue or part of an organ.

Question 32

Ischemic Heart Disease

Answer 32

Heart is deprived of blood supply -\> reduced heart function • angina pectoris, acute MI, sudden cardiac arrest and death, and chronic ischemic heart disease with CHF

Question 33

Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 33

the heart is not able to pump enough blood for the body’s needs • pulmonary or peripheral edema

Question 34

Endocarditis

Answer 34

bacterial infection of the lining of the heart • fever and weakness

Question 35

Hypertension

Answer 35

Intermittent or sustained elevated blood pressure (Silent killer) Contributing factors to HTN: Heredity, DM, Obesity, cigarette smoking, lack of exercise and Prolonged and recurrent stress

Question 36

Primary hypertension

Answer 36

no link to disease

Question 37

Secondary Hypertenison

Answer 37

result of coexisting disease

Question 38

Malignant Hypertension

Answer 38

uncontrollable, severe, rapidly progressing

Question 39

Know

Answer 39

Hypertension Chart

Question 40

Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 40

a condition in which Rheumatic Fever is a precursor to mitral value disease which results in an acute fever caused by a streptococci throat infection.

Question 41

Reynaud's

Answer 41

Periodic temporary, severe, arterial vasospasms in superficial tissues (see more in women than male) • Skin turns white then blue, followed by sensations of numbness • Cold to touch

Question 42

DVT

Answer 42

A type of thrombophlebitis – inflammation and clotting in veins caused by infection, trauma, reduced blood circulation due to prolonged immobility and recent surgery. ◦ Lower extremity veins most affected ◦ Pain in posterior calf, swelling, tenderness

Question 43

S/S DVT

Answer 43

Pain in the posterior calf, swelling, tenderness +Homan’s sign-pain in calf when ankle PF or DF passively

Question 44

Tx

Answer 44

Compression pumps, elastic stockings

Question 45

Buerger' Disease

Answer 45

(thromboangiitis Obliterans) Inflammatory condition of small and medium-sized arteries of the upper and lower extremities

Question 46

Varicose Veins

Answer 46

Blood flow is turbulent and slow favoring clotting which can lead to thrombus formation

Question 47

Anemias

Answer 47

Can cause changes to red blood cells in shape and decreased number, leads to decreased iron broken down for new red blood cell development • Cause a reduction of oxygen transportation