Test 3 Flashcards
consciousness
awareness of the environment/world around you
1st main function of consciousness
- consciousness restricts our attention
2nd main function of consciousness
- provides us with a mental meeting place where sensation combines with memory, emotion, and motives
3rd main function of consciousness
allows us to create a mental model of the world/an object
conscious
part of the mind that holds what you are aware of
precociousness
ordinary memory
unconscious
part of the mind was not directly accessible to awareness
-hidden, unretrievable
biological rhythms
psychological fluctuations that affect body temp, blood pressure, and effectiveness of medication
-if you are tired, hungry, thirsty
circadian rhythms
occur once during 24 hour period
ex: sleep cycle
hypothalamus
control center for our 24 hour rhythm of sleep
why do we sleep
body needs to recharge and heal
stage 1 of sleep
lightest stage of sleep, 5-10 min
stage 2 of sleep
wave-burst called spindles are common breathing, brain waves, heart beat go down
stage 3 of sleep
sleep walking and talking
delta sleep
30 min
rem
dream stage
paradoxical sleep (muscles relaxed like paralyzed)
sleep debt
after not getting enough sleep your body will carry through the day
rem rebound
gaining back lost hours of sleep
insomnia
reoccurring problems falling or staying asleep
sleep apnea
sleep disorder that forces a person to stop breathing while sleeping
narcolepsy
uncontrollable sleep disorder
somnambulism
sleepwalking
can walk, talk, but no memory
night terror
high alertness and appearance of being terrified
myoclonus
movement or flinch that occurs in stage 1 or 2 of sleep
2 main functions of dreams
- guard conscious
- serve a source for wish fulfillment
manifest content
dreams storyline
latent content
symbolic meaning
negative emotional content
8 out of 10 dreams have negative content
failure dream
reoccurring dream of falling, being attacked, and rejected
sexual
men: 1 in 10
women: 1 in 30
information processing
the memory-related function of sorting through the day’s experience
AWAKE
physiological/restorative function
neural activity during rem sleep which provides brain stimulation or growth
ASLEEP
activation synthesis
makes sense of random neural firing in parts of our brain
cognitive
dreams are the embodiment of thing
hypnosis
disassociation
split between level of consciousness, hypnosis disassociates the physical stimulus of pain from the emotional suffering that defines our experience of pain
selected attention
get caught up in the moment and do not feel the pain
psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that alters perception and mood
physical dependence
psychological need for drug
unpleasant withdrawal
psychological dependence
need to use a drug to relieve negative emotion
depressant
drug that reduces neural activity/slows down body function
alcohol, opiates
stimulus
drugs that excite neural activity/speed up body function
caffeine, nicotine, cocaine
halluciogens
drugs that distort perceptions
LSD
ecstasy (MDMA)
synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen, short and long-term effect
memory
system that encodes, stores, and retrieves information
information-processing model
the brain takes meaningless information and turns it into patterns
encoding
modification of information to fit the preferred format for the memory system
eleboration
require extra encoding effort to make the information useful
-ex: needing to study before a test
visual encoding
encoding of picture image
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of incidental information
-space, time, frequency, word meaning, reading backward
effortful processing
requires attention and conscious effort
rehearsal
conscious repetition of information; maintaining info
sensory memory
no capacity/ no duration
-sight, sound, smell
storage
retaining info
capacity
7(+/-2)
duration
holds info for 20 seconds
chucking
organizing items into familiar manageable units
ex:
1776149218121941
(1776)(1492)(1812)(1941)
maintenance rehearsal
saying over and over to help refresh memory like looking over notes and vocab before a test
flashbulb memory
can remember a memory with the same emotions and feelings as when it first happened 20 years ago
engram
long term memory
retrieval
locating and recovering information from memory
eidetic imagery
photographic memory
amnesia
complete memory loss
retrograde amnesia
inability to remember previous memories after an accident
anterograde amnesia
inability to form memories from new material
retrieval clues
search term we use to activate memory like saying it’s on the tip of my tongue
recall
a retrieval method in which one mus product previously presented material
ex: police sketch of a suspect
recongintion
retrieval method in which one must identify into that’s provided that has previously presented
ex: multiple choice test
priming
quick association that leads to recall of memory
context effect
location and condition might trigger memories
mood
when you are in a good mood you remember more
schemas
understanding of specific setting
decay theory
memories gradually fade in strength if haven’t thought of them in a while
encoding failure
forgetting things like where you put your keys or phone
proactive interference
old acting with new
retractive memory
new acting with old
misattribution
memory fault occurs when memories are retired but are associated with place and time
suggestibility
process of memory distortion as the result of deliberate or inadvertent suggestion
bias
influence of person’s beliefs and attitude
expectancy bias
what you expect to happen
self consistancy
what should have happened
persistence
memory problem where unwanted memories cannot be put out of our mind
transcience
prevent memory overload
blocking
focus on task
absent
ability to shift attention
misattribution
focus on meaning rather than detail
persistence
remember emotional memories
Define memory
Persistance of learning over time.
Involves encoding, storage, retrieval of info
