Test 3

Question 1

Plum Pudding Model

Answer 1

An early model of atomic structure proposing that atoms are spheres of positive charge with negative charges distributed within.

Question 2

Electron Shell Model

Answer 2

A modern model of atomic structure where a dense nucleus is surrounded by orbiting electrons in defined shells.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons, and holding almost all of the atom’s mass.

Question 4

Proton

Answer 4

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a relative charge of +1.

Question 5

Electron Capacity

Answer 5

The maximum number of electrons in a shell, calculated using the formula 2n², where n is the shell number.

Question 6

Mass Number

Answer 6

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom, represented by A.

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

The number of protons in an atom, represented by Z.

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 9

The mean mass of an atom of an element divided by one twelfth of the mean mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Question 10

Chemical Reactivity

Answer 10

Isotopes react chemically in the same way due to identical proton numbers and electron configurations.

Question 11

Hydrogen

Answer 11

An element with 1 proton and 0 neutrons.

Question 12

Ions

Answer 12

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons, resulting in an overall charge.

Question 13

Mass Spectrometry

Answer 13

An analytical technique used to identify isotopes and determine atomic mass.

Question 14

Ionisation

Answer 14

The process of removing electrons from atoms to create charged ions.

Question 15

Time of Flight (TOF)

Answer 15

A mass spectrometry method that measures the time ions take to reach a detector.

Question 16

Detection

Answer 16

The process where positive ions hit a negatively charged plate, gaining an electron and producing a flow of charge.

Question 17

Current

Answer 17

The flow of electric charge produced during the detection of ions, proportional to their abundance.

Question 18

Spectra

Answer 18

A print-out that displays the relative abundance of each isotope based on current values and flight times.

Question 19

Mass to Charge Ratio

Answer 19

The ratio (m/z) that indicates how the mass of an ion relates to its charge, affecting its path in a magnetic field.

Question 20

Isotope Calculation

Answer 20

The method of determining the average atomic mass of an element using the abundance of its isotopes.