Test

Question 1

Plum Pudding Model

Answer 1

An early model of atomic structure proposing that atoms are spheres of positive charge with negative charges distributed within.

Example sentence: J.J. Thomson proposed the Plum Pudding Model in 1904.

Question 2

Electron Shell Model

Answer 2

A modern model of atomic structure where a dense nucleus is surrounded by orbiting electrons in defined shells.

Additional information: Also known as the Bohr model.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons, and holding almost all of the atom’s mass.

Example sentence: The nucleus is positively charged due to the presence of protons.

Question 4

Proton

Answer 4

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a relative charge of +1.

Example sentence: Protons are positively charged particles.

Question 5

Electron Capacity

Answer 5

The maximum number of electrons in a shell, calculated using the formula 2n², where n is the shell number.

Example sentence: The second shell has an electron capacity of 8.

Question 6

Mass Number

Answer 6

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom, represented by A.

Additional information: Mass number is used to calculate the atomic mass of an element.

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

The number of protons in an atom, represented by Z.

Example sentence: Carbon has an atomic number of 6.

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.

Example sentence: Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon.

Question 9

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 9

The mean mass of an atom of an element divided by one twelfth of the mean mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Additional information: Relative atomic mass is also known as atomic weight.

Question 10

Chemical Reactivity

Answer 10

Isotopes react chemically in the same way due to identical proton numbers and electron configurations.

Example sentence: Isotopes of oxygen have the same chemical reactivity.

Question 11

Hydrogen

Answer 11

An element with 1 proton and 0 neutrons.

Example sentence: Hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table.

Question 12

Ions

Answer 12

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons, resulting in an overall charge.

Example sentence: Sodium ion has a positive charge.

Question 13

Mass Spectrometry

Answer 13

An analytical technique used to identify isotopes and determine atomic mass.

Example sentence: Mass spectrometry is commonly used in forensic analysis.

Question 14

Ionisation

Answer 14

The process of removing electrons from atoms to create charged ions.

Example sentence: Ionisation can be achieved through electron bombardment.

Question 15

Time of Flight (TOF)

Answer 15

A mass spectrometry method that measures the time ions take to reach a detector.

Example sentence: Time of Flight mass spectrometry is based on ion acceleration.

Question 16

Detection

Answer 16

The process where positive ions hit a negatively charged plate, gaining an electron and producing a flow of charge.

Example sentence: The detection process involves ionization of neutral particles.

Question 17

Current

Answer 17

The flow of electric charge produced during the detection of ions, proportional to their abundance.

Example sentence: The strength of the current is directly related to the ion abundance.

Question 18

Spectra

Answer 18

A print-out that displays the relative abundance of each isotope based on current values and flight times.

Example sentence: Spectra analysis provides valuable information about isotope distribution.

Question 19

Mass to Charge Ratio

Answer 19

The ratio (m/z) that indicates how the mass of an ion relates to its charge, affecting its path in a magnetic field.

Example sentence: Mass to charge ratio is crucial in determining the trajectory of ions in a mass spectrometer.

Question 20

Isotope Calculation

Answer 20

The method of determining the average atomic mass of an element using the abundance of its isotopes.

Example sentence: Isotope calculation involves weighted averages based on isotope abundance.