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Soils Final > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Increase whc

A

Increase om

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1
Q

Water captured be improved?

A

Maintain om and vegetation

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2
Q

Fresh water used in agr?

A

70-80%

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3
Q

Ways to save irrigation water?

A

Use high efficiency irrigation system water based on need not time

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4
Q

Soil aeration important?

A

Reduce toxic gas in soil

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5
Q

Factors that determine oxygen availability to roots?

A

Organisms in soil

Water flow through the soil

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6
Q

Water content important in soil aeration?

A

Water can block airflow

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7
Q

How does co2 differ in soil vs atmospher?

A

Soil is higher

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8
Q

Oxygen levels in soil profile?

A

Down less oxygen

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9
Q

Role of o in oxidation?

A

It is an oxidizing agent

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10
Q

What molecule acts as an oxidizing agent?

A

Sulfate (SO4)

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11
Q

Poor aeration

A

Toxic gas is trapped

Effects microorganisms

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12
Q

Effects of soil temps on plants

A

Biochemical reaction rates

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13
Q

Soil solarization

A

Increase temp to kill microorganisms

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14
Q

Freezing thawing cycles

A

Breaks rocks down

Pushes objects in soil to surface

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15
Q

Manage soil temps

A

Mulch prevent temp changes

Irrigate to cool

16
Q

Soil colloid

A

Small partials usually negative in acid soils and play role in cation exchange

17
Q

Name mineral colloid

A

Non-crystalline silacates

18
Q

Most abundant colloid

A

Crystalline silicates

19
Q

Composition and # of sheets tells us?

A

Type of clay particles

20
Q

Charges appear on colloids

A

Along the edges

21
Q

Development of mineral colloids

A

Breaking of the edges

22
Q

Characteristic of a crystalline clay?

A

Expanded-2:1 space between the sheets

23
Q

How ate humus colloids created?

A

Decomposition and altering of plant residues through microorganisms

24
Q

Process of cation exchange

A

Reverse process where you change positively charged ions

25
Q

For Cation exchange what needs to be present?

A

Water

26
Q

Cation exchange principals

A

Reactions are reversible

charges must match ratios

27
Q

CEC

A

The ability of the soil to hold or substitute cations

28
Q

Important a of CEC?

A

General idea of liming needs

Soils hold on nutrients

29
Q

Why does low ph reduce CEC?

A

Because hydrogen occupies all the the negative charges

30
Q

CEC release to plants by?

A

Cations must be released from CEC before they can be taken up by plants

31
Q

Base saturation and why important?

A

The presence of base cations in soil

Shows how much leaching and liming needs

32
Q

Basic and acid cation

A

Ca base al acid

33
Q

Legume roots deficiency?

A

They like to absorb 2+ ions and k+ is only 1

34
Q

Bonding of biomolecules to clays info?

A

Bonds rapidly and strong

Soils Final (5 decks)

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