test 3

Question 1

what did griffith’s experiment show?

Answer 1

bacteria can take up genetic material from nearby bacteria and use it as their own

Question 2

what feature allows histones to associate with DNA

Answer 2

histones are positive and associate with negatively charged DNA

Question 3

in eukaryotes, which RNA polymerase is used to transcribe protein coding genes

Answer 3

RNA polymerase II

Question 4

what provides the energy to bind polypeptides as the polypeptide chain elongates during translation

Answer 4

gtp

Question 5

what regulates repressor proteins

Answer 5

environment

Question 6

true or false:

amino acids are cleaved at the p site during polypeptide elongation

Answer 6

true

Question 7

true or false:

the polymerase chain rxn (PCR) uses both forward and reverse primers to replicate DNA

Answer 7

true

Question 8

how does electrophoresis determine fragment size

Answer 8

relies on charge of a DNA fragment

Question 9

which enzymes are responsible for most DNA repair

Answer 9

DNA polymerase l and lll

Question 10

which structures can aid in gene regulation

Answer 10

histones, nucleosomes and solenoids

Question 11

when may some cells become cancerous

Answer 11

when they start generating high amounts of telomerase

Question 12

why is RNA structurally different from DNA

Answer 12

rna is generally single stranded

Question 13

list 3 examples of post-transcriptional modification

Answer 13

addition of a poly (A) tail
5’ capping
removal of introns by spliceosomes

Question 14

why are masking proteins used by organisms

Answer 14

they hide mRNA

Question 15

what does the sanger method involve (8.2)

Answer 15

using dideoxynucleotides as chain terminators to determine DNA sequence

Question 16

what does the shotgun technique involve?

Answer 16

using computer algorithms to look for overlaps in DNA fragments in order to align them

Question 17

True or false:

Nucleoside triphosphates aid in DNA replication bc they provide both the energy and nucleotides for DNA polymerases

Answer 17

true

Question 18

rRNA is a structural component of _________ and various proteins

Answer 18

ribosomes

Question 19

snRNP’s combine with _________ to form _________, which are used by eukaryotes to remove introns from pre-mRNA

Answer 19

pre-mRNA; spliceosomes

Question 20

Alternative splicing produces different combinations of _______from the same sequence of pre-mRNA by removing different combinations of _____

Answer 20

mRNA; introns

Question 21

single-stranded RNA resulting from transcription

Answer 21

mRNA

Question 22

structural component of ribosomes

Answer 22

rRNA

Question 23

contains the anticodon responsible for translation

Answer 23

tRNA

Question 24

sequence of base pairs responsible for protein coding

Answer 24

sense codon

Question 25

codon sequence similar to DNA

Answer 25

anticodon

Question 26

used for chain termination in the Sanger method

Answer 26

dideoxynucleotide

Question 27

complementary sequence for one end of a DNA fragment that is being replicated

Answer 27

primer

Question 28

process of producing a large number of copies of a DNA fragment

Answer 28

PCR

Question 29

enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences

Answer 29

restriction enzyme

Question 30

if 28% of DNA is composed of guanine, how much of the segment is adenine?

Answer 30

22% Adenine binds to Thymine and then Cytosine binds to Guanine. So if 28% are Adenine then 28% must also be Thymine. 28+28= 56% so 100-56 gives you the remaining percentage which = 44% this must be split between Cytosine and Guanine which therefor are 22% each.