test 3 Flashcards
what did griffith’s experiment show?
bacteria can take up genetic material from nearby bacteria and use it as their own
what feature allows histones to associate with DNA
histones are positive and associate with negatively charged DNA
in eukaryotes, which RNA polymerase is used to transcribe protein coding genes
RNA polymerase II
what provides the energy to bind polypeptides as the polypeptide chain elongates during translation
gtp
what regulates repressor proteins
environment
true or false:
amino acids are cleaved at the p site during polypeptide elongation
true
true or false:
the polymerase chain rxn (PCR) uses both forward and reverse primers to replicate DNA
true
how does electrophoresis determine fragment size
relies on charge of a DNA fragment
which enzymes are responsible for most DNA repair
DNA polymerase l and lll
which structures can aid in gene regulation
histones, nucleosomes and solenoids
when may some cells become cancerous
when they start generating high amounts of telomerase
why is RNA structurally different from DNA
rna is generally single stranded
list 3 examples of post-transcriptional modification
addition of a poly (A) tail
5’ capping
removal of introns by spliceosomes
why are masking proteins used by organisms
they hide mRNA
what does the sanger method involve (8.2)
using dideoxynucleotides as chain terminators to determine DNA sequence
what does the shotgun technique involve?
using computer algorithms to look for overlaps in DNA fragments in order to align them
True or false:
Nucleoside triphosphates aid in DNA replication bc they provide both the energy and nucleotides for DNA polymerases
true
rRNA is a structural component of _________ and various proteins
ribosomes
snRNP’s combine with _________ to form _________, which are used by eukaryotes to remove introns from pre-mRNA
pre-mRNA; spliceosomes
Alternative splicing produces different combinations of _______from the same sequence of pre-mRNA by removing different combinations of _____
mRNA; introns
single-stranded RNA resulting from transcription
mRNA
structural component of ribosomes
rRNA
contains the anticodon responsible for translation
tRNA
sequence of base pairs responsible for protein coding
sense codon
codon sequence similar to DNA
anticodon
used for chain termination in the Sanger method
dideoxynucleotide
complementary sequence for one end of a DNA fragment that is being replicated
primer
process of producing a large number of copies of a DNA fragment
PCR
enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences
restriction enzyme
if 28% of DNA is composed of guanine, how much of the segment is adenine?
22%
Adenine binds to Thymine and then Cytosine binds to Guanine. So if 28% are Adenine then 28% must also be Thymine. 28+28= 56% so 100-56 gives you the remaining percentage which = 44% this must be split between Cytosine and Guanine which therefor are 22% each.
