Test 3 Flashcards
how did costa rica change their government
they got the military out of power
what happened to Argentina
was once rich country that made poor decision after another
who is peron from argentina
he was a ruler between world wars for argentina
what was the problem with peronism
- highly clientelistic
- followed fascist ideology from hitler
who is the current president of argentina
javier milei
what is one reason africa is poor
they hold very tight ethnic groups so the physical borders do not mean much
why has indonesia grown more than nigeria
they put more importance on nationalism (one group)
what is the capital of kenya
nairobi
what is the capital of sweeden
stockholm
what is the currency of sweeden
krona
how did sweeden act in the 19th century
- built up infant industries to create cartels (like germany)
- allowed people to unionize (created very socialist democratic party)
what is the definition of corporations
collective action groups that pool resources together
how did the first world war affect sweeden
good, they were able to stimulate using exports
how did inter war time affect sweeden
- decided to deficit spend on infrastructure
- left and right agreed to create welfare state while keeping oligopolies (salts-juban agreement)
what are main points of the rehn-meiger model
- move up industries to higher level ones (lumber to tech)
- keep wages low to increase profits which would allow more productive industries to win
what is a problem with the rehn-meiger model
it left people in the slower industries behind or unemployed
what was the problem with sweeden in the 60s
younger people were free riders on the welfare state causing it to become very expensive
how did sweeden make their industries competitive internationally
invested in human capital to create a comparative advantage
things to know about meji japan business makeup
- very large corporations (modeled after germany)
- oligarchs ruled not the emperor
what group is the majority in china
Han chinese
who is the current leader of china
xi jingping
what is the political and economic makeup of china currently
politically communist but economically capitalism
what century is called the “century of humiliation” for china
19th
why is it called the century of humiliation
china lost…
1. hongkong to britain
2. taiwan to japan
who was the chinese civil war fought between
ccp vs kmt
who was the leader of the ccp
Mao zedong
who was the leader of the kmt
chaing
after the kmt lost where did they go
taiwan
what were the 2 big events started by Mao
- cultrual revolution
- great leap forward
what was the great leap forward
a developmental approach for economic change
what were the results of the great leap forward
- 30 million people died
- famine
what was the reason for the cultural revolution
to purge the country of anti-china values (no capitalism)
what was the result of the cultural revolution
3 million people died
what is china currency
yuan
who lead modernization and changes in china during the 70s
deng
how did the meji era of japan change the economy
there was massive industrialization and became a developmental state
what type of industries did Japan model theirs after
german cartels
what were the japan cartels called before ww2
ziabatsu
what were the japan cartels called after ww2
kieretsu
what caused japanese democracy to become unstable in the early 20th century
military coups
post ww2 what happened to the ziabatsu
they were forced apart by americans and top executives were forced into retirement
what other economic ideas did americans introduce
- wanted new land reform for middle class
- allowed labor unions to form and negotiate
why were the keiretsu created
to stop the spread of communism, they had to call back many executives from the ziabatsu
what did the keiretsu promise
lifetime employment
what type of system did japan have in place for policy making
unitary system
why was there deflation caused in the japanese economy
underconsumption due to saving and living simplistic lifestyles
how did abe die
assassinated
what are things classical liberals like
- low taxation
- low spending on social programs
what is the currency of russia
ruble
what was the name of the social democratic party in russia
Mensheviks
what was the name of the communist party in russia ww1
Bolsheviks
who was the leader of the bolsheviks
lenin
what was one of the things the bolsheviks wanted
collectivism– giving land from large landowners to small
what did the bolsheviks do with the industries in USSR
nationalize all of them
what is the new economic policy in russia
- privatized some sectors but kept all heavy ones nationalized
- created a different tax structure based on percentage instead of forcing
what did stalin do with the new economic policy after lenin died
he went away from it (state owned everything)
who came to power after stalin in 1953
Nikita Khrushchev
what were the russian elites called
nomenklatura
what were the main points of shock therapy given to russia after 1991
- tried to privatize in 500 days
- created a voucher system of everyone owning a share of companies
what was the problem with the voucher system in russia
a regular person did not know what to do with them so they quickly congregated into the hands of the nomenklatura
what did the nomenklatura become after buying up all the vouchers
oligarchs
who was the leader before putin
yeltzin
who was the leader before yeltzin and in between Khrushchev
Gorbachev
what did putin do when he came into power
break up and build up different oligarchs
where is the european union capital
brussels
where is the EU central bank
frankfurt germany
what is the arab spring
uprising in the middle east due to a vendor being abused, lead to the government falling in tunisia
what happened in lybia post arab spring
US helped overthrow Ghaddafi
why did the arab spring have trouble causing more democratic institutions to be put into place
the anti-government movement was based on tribal lines making it hard for everyone to come together
what type of political leaders does the middle class strive for
western democratic leaders
what type of political leaders do poor people strive for
populist candidates
what is political islam
political ideologies that have risen up based on islam that are authoritarian ideologies
what is the capital of turkey
ankara
what is the currency of turkey
lira
where was the muslim brotherhood created
eygpt in the 1920s
what was the difference between ron inglehart and william easterly thinking
Ron: richer the country the more they care about non-materialistic things
William: the more they care about materialistic things
what did mathlus propose would happen
the more people means less food for people, the longer living societies will eventually collapse
when was the chinese civil war
1949
why does globalization hurt the middle class
outsourcing labor costs causes people to make less money in the country
what type of culture does china have
merit based
where would industrialization take place during the great leap forward
in the back of farms (called collectivized farming)
what happened to the products made during the great leap forward in china
they were poor quality
what did the soviets do during the great leap forward
took all the blueprints and left because they did not like it
who replaces mao
deng
what did deng to do change china
introduced state capitalism and imported from other countries
what is a special economic zone (SEZ) in china
smaller areas where shock therapy could be tested and used to allow foreign countries to invest
why were people protesting in Tiananmen square in 1989
they wanted more democratization and representation
what was the outcome of tiananmen swuare
deng brought 200k army and hundreds were killed
what are the 2 things political decay come from
- cognitive (fail to realize the change and adapt)
- political actors/elites (insiders to new system can game it)
what is ISI
import substitution industrialization
what does ISI do
helps protect domestic industries to allow them to grow until they can compete globally
what type of law does iran use
shira law
who is reza shah
the leader of iran during the world wars
who did reza shah agree with
hitler
who was the 1979 iranian revolution fought between
shah (backed by US and britain) vs Khomeini
who won the iranian revolution
khomeini
what is south koreas cartel called
chaebol
what is the korean currency
won
what was the problem economically with korea in the 90s
the chaebols were too big to fail but they still allowed them to fail (daewoo)
after ISI what did korea change to
export lead growth
