Test 3 Flashcards
An organization or individual who attempts to influence registration and the administrative decisions of government
Lobbyist
An organized group of individuals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence policy makers
Interest groups
A movement that represents the demands of large segment of the public for political, economic, or social change
Social movement
A reason or motive having to do with economic benefits or opportunities
Material incentive
A reason or motive having to do with the desire to associate with others and to share with others a particular interest or hobby
Solitary incentive
A reason for supporting or participating in the activities of a group that is based on agreement with the goals of the group
Purposive incentives
Generally, the economic and political expression of working-class interest
Labor movement
The sector of the economy that provided services-such as healthcare, banking, and education- in contrast to the sector that produces goods.
Service sector
The best interest of the overall community; the national good rather than the narrow interest of a particular group
Public interest
An interest group activity that involves interaction with government officials to further their groups goals
Direct technique
A form of pressure or protest- an organized refusal to purchase a particular product or deal with a particular business
Boycott
The structure of American government invites the participations of interest groups at the political progress
True
Lobbyist-an organization or individual who attempts to influence legislation and the administrative decisions of government
True
Interest groups are often spawned by mass social movements
True
American people have the right to join a group is protected by the first amendment of the US constitution
True
Interest groups are often spawned by mass social movements. Such movements represent demands by a large segment of the population for change in the political, economic, or social system
True
Someone with a strong interest in human rights might have solidary incentive to join Amnesty international
False
Major sectors that seek influence in Washington DC include business, agriculture, labor unions, and professionals
True
Unlike private sector unions, public sector unions are decreasing
False
Boycott is a form of pressure or protest-an organized refusal to purchase a particular product or deal with a particular business
True
Leadership and education make some groups more powerful than others and more likely to influences government policy
False
Major interest groups that represent the main sectors of the economy
Public interest
Single interest group
Foreign government interest group
Interest group strategies
- Assisting legislation or bureaucrats in drafting legislation or prospective regulations
- inviting legislators to social occasions
- providing political information to legislators and other government officials
- testifying before progressional committees for or against proposed legislation
- engage in private meetings with public officials to make known the interest of the lobbyist clients
Characteristics that make some groups more powerful than others and more likely to have influences over government policy
- member size
- financial resource
- leadership
- cohesiveness
Social movements
Civil rights movements
Chicano movement
American Indian movement
Women’s movement
A voter or candidate who does not identify with a political party
Independent
A group of political activist who organize to win elections, operate the government , and determine public policy.
Political party
A group or bloc in a legislation or political party acting in pursuit of some special interest or positions
Faction
A tendency for wealthier states or regions to favor the democrats and for less wealthy states or regions to favor the republicans. The effect appears paradoxical because it reverses traditional patterns of support
Reverse-income effects
Those members of the general public who identify with a political party or who express a preference for
Party in the electorate
The formal structure and leadership of a political party, including elections committees,local,state, and national executives, and paid professional staff
Party organization
All the elected and appointed officials who identify with a political party
Party in government
The meeting held every four years by each major party to select presidential and vice presidential candidates, to write a platform to choose a national committee, and to conduct party business
National convention
A document drawn up at each national convention, outlining the policies, positions, and principles of the party
Party platform
Rewarding faithful party workers and followers with government employment and contracts
Patronage
A process in which a substantial group of voters switch party allegiance, producing a long term change in the political landscape
Realignment
A decline in party loyalties that reduce long term party commitment
Dealignment
A phenomenon that occurs when a group Gant is becoming more numerous I’ve time frowns large enough to change the political balance in a district, state, or country
Tipping
According to tipping, the Republican Party is the dominate force in California politics
False
Political advisers in both parties dream of circumstances that could grant them lasting political hegemony or dominance
True
Third parties greatly affect American politics by winning elections
False
Third parties affect american politics by taking votes away from either party
True
The party platform is developed at the national convention
True
The current Republican Party is a good examples of a faction
True
The two party system originated from the federalist and anti federalist
True
The Democratic Party origins are from the anti slavery party
False
A key difference between factions and parties is that factions do not have a permanent organization, whereas political parties do
True
Minor parties have a difficult, if not impossible time competing within the american two party system
True
Why has the 2 party system endured ?
- historic foundation of the system
- political socialization
- winner take all electoral system
- state and federal laws favoring 2 party systems
The three faces of a party
- party in the electoral
- party organization
- party in government
The roles of minor parties
- Organize a charismatic leader
- split off from major parties because they are dissatisfied with that party’s policies
- funded by individuals or groups who committed to an interest, issue, or ideology
The difference between a political party and an interest group
- interest groups don’t want to operate government
* interest groups do not want to put forth candidates
A statewide primary election of delegates to a political party’s national convention, held to determine a party’s presidential nominee
Presidential primary
A paid professional hired to devise a campaign strategy and manage a campaign
Political consultant
A poll taken for the candidate on a nearly daily basis as Election Day approaches
Tracking poll
A small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions on and response to candidates on issues
Focus group
A Committee set up by and representing a corporation, labor union, or special interest group. PAC’s raise and give campaign donations
Political action committees
Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or star law, usually given to parties and party committees to help find general party activities
Soft money
Advertising paid for by interest groups that support or oppose a candidate or a candidate’s position on issue without mentioning voting or elections
Issue advocacy advertising
Free elections are the cornerstone of the American political system
True
For an election to be competitive, there must be more than one strong candidate seeking office
True
There are thousands of elective offices in the US. The political parties strive to provide a slate of candidates for the presidential election
True
To be fair, the states run presidential primaries on the same day
False
The need for funding is paramount to run a successful campaign for president
True
Individuals become officially candidates through the process of nomination. Nomination process for all offices are controlled by state laws and usually favor the two parties
False
Why do people seek political office
Status
Career objectives
Prestige
Income
What campaigns need for a strong organization
Political polling Marketing Professional fundraisers Accounting Financial management Technological capabilities
Major reasons for increased intensity of campaigns
Increase importance of television
Technology
Increase costs of campaigns
To run a successful campaign the candidates organization must be able to raise funds for the effort
Obtain coverage front the media
Pay for political commercials
Schedule candidates time effectively
Conduct research on the opposition
Get voters to the polls
Campaign must plan a strategy that maximizes the chances of winning
Candidates appeal
Use of opinion polls
Focus groups
One of the persons represented by a legislator or other elected official
Constituent
The division of legislation into two assemblies
Bicameralism
The process of establishing the legal rules that govern society
Lawmaking
The function of members of congress as elected officials representing the views of their constituencies
Representation
A person who hears and investigates complaints by private individuals against public officials or agencies
Ombudsperson
The process by which congress follows up on laws it has enacted to ensure that they are being enforced the way congress intended
Oversight
The use of senates tradition of unlimited debates as a delaying tactic to block a bill
Filibuster
The allocation of seats in the House of Representatives to each state after each census
Reapportionment
The redrawing of the boundaries of the congressional districts within each state
Redistricting
When a district shape is manipulated by the dominant party in the state legislature to maximize electoral strength at the expense of the minority party
Gerrymandering
Permanent commuter in the house or senate that considers bills within a certain subject area
Standing committee
Temporary legislative committee established for a limited time period and for a special purpose
Select committee
Powers of congress
Right to collect taxes To spend To regulate commerce Declare war Override the presidential veto
Functions of congress
Law making
Representative Service to constituents Oversight Public education Conflict and resolution
Speaker of the house powers
Presiding over meetings
Appointing members of committees
Scheduling legislation for floor action
Deciding points of order and interpreting rules
Referring bills and resolutions
