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Political Science > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

An organization or individual who attempts to influence registration and the administrative decisions of government

A

Lobbyist

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1
Q

An organized group of individuals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence policy makers

A

Interest groups

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2
Q

A movement that represents the demands of large segment of the public for political, economic, or social change

A

Social movement

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3
Q

A reason or motive having to do with economic benefits or opportunities

A

Material incentive

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4
Q

A reason or motive having to do with the desire to associate with others and to share with others a particular interest or hobby

A

Solitary incentive

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5
Q

A reason for supporting or participating in the activities of a group that is based on agreement with the goals of the group

A

Purposive incentives

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6
Q

Generally, the economic and political expression of working-class interest

A

Labor movement

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7
Q

The sector of the economy that provided services-such as healthcare, banking, and education- in contrast to the sector that produces goods.

A

Service sector

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8
Q

The best interest of the overall community; the national good rather than the narrow interest of a particular group

A

Public interest

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9
Q

An interest group activity that involves interaction with government officials to further their groups goals

A

Direct technique

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10
Q

A form of pressure or protest- an organized refusal to purchase a particular product or deal with a particular business

A

Boycott

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11
Q

The structure of American government invites the participations of interest groups at the political progress

A

True

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12
Q

Lobbyist-an organization or individual who attempts to influence legislation and the administrative decisions of government

A

True

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13
Q

Interest groups are often spawned by mass social movements

A

True

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14
Q

American people have the right to join a group is protected by the first amendment of the US constitution

A

True

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15
Q

Interest groups are often spawned by mass social movements. Such movements represent demands by a large segment of the population for change in the political, economic, or social system

A

True

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16
Q

Someone with a strong interest in human rights might have solidary incentive to join Amnesty international

A

False

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17
Q

Major sectors that seek influence in Washington DC include business, agriculture, labor unions, and professionals

A

True

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18
Q

Unlike private sector unions, public sector unions are decreasing

A

False

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19
Q

Boycott is a form of pressure or protest-an organized refusal to purchase a particular product or deal with a particular business

A

True

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20
Q

Leadership and education make some groups more powerful than others and more likely to influences government policy

A

False

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21
Q

Major interest groups that represent the main sectors of the economy

A

Public interest
Single interest group
Foreign government interest group

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22
Q

Interest group strategies

A
  • Assisting legislation or bureaucrats in drafting legislation or prospective regulations
  • inviting legislators to social occasions
  • providing political information to legislators and other government officials
  • testifying before progressional committees for or against proposed legislation
  • engage in private meetings with public officials to make known the interest of the lobbyist clients
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23
Q

Characteristics that make some groups more powerful than others and more likely to have influences over government policy

A
  • member size
  • financial resource
  • leadership
  • cohesiveness
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24
Q

Social movements

A

Civil rights movements
Chicano movement
American Indian movement
Women’s movement

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25
Q

A voter or candidate who does not identify with a political party

A

Independent

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26
Q

A group of political activist who organize to win elections, operate the government , and determine public policy.

A

Political party

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27
Q

A group or bloc in a legislation or political party acting in pursuit of some special interest or positions

A

Faction

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28
Q

A tendency for wealthier states or regions to favor the democrats and for less wealthy states or regions to favor the republicans. The effect appears paradoxical because it reverses traditional patterns of support

A

Reverse-income effects

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29
Q

Those members of the general public who identify with a political party or who express a preference for

A

Party in the electorate

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30
Q

The formal structure and leadership of a political party, including elections committees,local,state, and national executives, and paid professional staff

A

Party organization

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31
Q

All the elected and appointed officials who identify with a political party

A

Party in government

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32
Q

The meeting held every four years by each major party to select presidential and vice presidential candidates, to write a platform to choose a national committee, and to conduct party business

A

National convention

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33
Q

A document drawn up at each national convention, outlining the policies, positions, and principles of the party

A

Party platform

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34
Q

Rewarding faithful party workers and followers with government employment and contracts

A

Patronage

35
Q

A process in which a substantial group of voters switch party allegiance, producing a long term change in the political landscape

A

Realignment

36
Q

A decline in party loyalties that reduce long term party commitment

A

Dealignment

37
Q

A phenomenon that occurs when a group Gant is becoming more numerous I’ve time frowns large enough to change the political balance in a district, state, or country

A

Tipping

38
Q

According to tipping, the Republican Party is the dominate force in California politics

A

False

39
Q

Political advisers in both parties dream of circumstances that could grant them lasting political hegemony or dominance

A

True

40
Q

Third parties greatly affect American politics by winning elections

A

False

41
Q

Third parties affect american politics by taking votes away from either party

A

True

42
Q

The party platform is developed at the national convention

A

True

43
Q

The current Republican Party is a good examples of a faction

A

True

44
Q

The two party system originated from the federalist and anti federalist

A

True

45
Q

The Democratic Party origins are from the anti slavery party

A

False

46
Q

A key difference between factions and parties is that factions do not have a permanent organization, whereas political parties do

A

True

47
Q

Minor parties have a difficult, if not impossible time competing within the american two party system

A

True

48
Q

Why has the 2 party system endured ?

A
  • historic foundation of the system
  • political socialization
  • winner take all electoral system
  • state and federal laws favoring 2 party systems
49
Q

The three faces of a party

A
  • party in the electoral
  • party organization
  • party in government
50
Q

The roles of minor parties

A
  • Organize a charismatic leader
  • split off from major parties because they are dissatisfied with that party’s policies
  • funded by individuals or groups who committed to an interest, issue, or ideology
51
Q

The difference between a political party and an interest group

A
  • interest groups don’t want to operate government

* interest groups do not want to put forth candidates

52
Q

A statewide primary election of delegates to a political party’s national convention, held to determine a party’s presidential nominee

A

Presidential primary

53
Q

A paid professional hired to devise a campaign strategy and manage a campaign

A

Political consultant

54
Q

A poll taken for the candidate on a nearly daily basis as Election Day approaches

A

Tracking poll

55
Q

A small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions on and response to candidates on issues

A

Focus group

56
Q

A Committee set up by and representing a corporation, labor union, or special interest group. PAC’s raise and give campaign donations

A

Political action committees

57
Q

Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or star law, usually given to parties and party committees to help find general party activities

A

Soft money

58
Q

Advertising paid for by interest groups that support or oppose a candidate or a candidate’s position on issue without mentioning voting or elections

A

Issue advocacy advertising

59
Q

Free elections are the cornerstone of the American political system

A

True

60
Q

For an election to be competitive, there must be more than one strong candidate seeking office

A

True

61
Q

There are thousands of elective offices in the US. The political parties strive to provide a slate of candidates for the presidential election

A

True

62
Q

To be fair, the states run presidential primaries on the same day

A

False

63
Q

The need for funding is paramount to run a successful campaign for president

A

True

64
Q

Individuals become officially candidates through the process of nomination. Nomination process for all offices are controlled by state laws and usually favor the two parties

A

False

65
Q

Why do people seek political office

A

Status
Career objectives
Prestige
Income

66
Q

What campaigns need for a strong organization

A 
Political polling
Marketing
Professional fundraisers
Accounting 
Financial management 
Technological capabilities
67
Q

Major reasons for increased intensity of campaigns

A

Increase importance of television
Technology
Increase costs of campaigns

68
Q

To run a successful campaign the candidates organization must be able to raise funds for the effort

A

Obtain coverage front the media

Pay for political commercials

Schedule candidates time effectively

Conduct research on the opposition

Get voters to the polls

69
Q

Campaign must plan a strategy that maximizes the chances of winning

A

Candidates appeal
Use of opinion polls
Focus groups

70
Q

One of the persons represented by a legislator or other elected official

A

Constituent

71
Q

The division of legislation into two assemblies

A

Bicameralism

72
Q

The process of establishing the legal rules that govern society

A

Lawmaking

73
Q

The function of members of congress as elected officials representing the views of their constituencies

A

Representation

74
Q

A person who hears and investigates complaints by private individuals against public officials or agencies

A

Ombudsperson

75
Q

The process by which congress follows up on laws it has enacted to ensure that they are being enforced the way congress intended

A

Oversight

76
Q

The use of senates tradition of unlimited debates as a delaying tactic to block a bill

A

Filibuster

77
Q

The allocation of seats in the House of Representatives to each state after each census

A

Reapportionment

78
Q

The redrawing of the boundaries of the congressional districts within each state

A

Redistricting

79
Q

When a district shape is manipulated by the dominant party in the state legislature to maximize electoral strength at the expense of the minority party

A

Gerrymandering

80
Q

Permanent commuter in the house or senate that considers bills within a certain subject area

A

Standing committee

81
Q

Temporary legislative committee established for a limited time period and for a special purpose

A

Select committee

82
Q

Powers of congress

A 
Right to collect taxes
To spend
To regulate commerce
Declare war
Override the presidential veto
83
Q

Functions of congress

A

Law making

Representative 
Service to constituents
Oversight
Public education 
Conflict and resolution
84
Q

Speaker of the house powers

A

Presiding over meetings

Appointing members of committees

Scheduling legislation for floor action

Deciding points of order and interpreting rules

Referring bills and resolutions

Political Science (3 decks)

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