test 3 Flashcards
Describe the general characteristics of plants
Multicelluar, eukaryotic, photoautotroph, non-motile, cell wall, specific organelles, asexual and sexual reproduction
Plants reproductive cycle
Gametophtye produces gametes, sperma dn egg come together to make a zygote, zygote grows into a plant - sporophyte, then releases spores that grow into gametophytes
Gametes
Single celled reproductive units - Haploid
Zygote
Diploid - two copies of each chromosome
Sporophyte generation
Plant that produces spores
Gametophyte generation
Spores grow into this, produces gametes
Sporangium
The area where spores are formed
Spore
A reproductive cell
Antheridia
Male gametangia
Archegonia
Female gametangia
In nonvascular plants, is the gametophyte or sporophyte dominant?
Gametophyte
In vascular plants, is the gametophyte or sporophyte dominant?
Sporophyte
Advantages of vascular plants
Can grow bigger, increased surface area, nutrients move farther
why is vascular tissue important
it allows for better transportation of nutrients around a larger area
Xylem
Conducts water and dissolve minerals throughout plant - vessels and tracheids
Phloem
Conducts sugarand hormones - sieve and companion cells
Fibrous roots
Thing moderately branching roots growing from the stem
Taproot
A large central root where other roots sprout laterally
Stomata
Tiny pore in the epidermis of a plant leaf that controls transpiration and gas exchange with the air
Tracheophyte
A vascular plant
germination
early growth and development of a plant embryo in a seed
Endosperm
Food stored in the seed
Ovary
A female reproductive organ
Ecology
the study of how organism interact with each other
Organism
a single living thing in the environment
Species
A group of similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring
Population
A group of individuals of a single species living together in the same region
Community
Several populations that interact in a common environment
Ecosystem
It is a set of all living species and abiotic components existing and interacting in a given area
Biome
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities
Biosphere
Global ecological system which consists of all the living organisms and factors that support life
Habitat
Place where species live
Abiotic factors
Non living factors that affect how organism interact - water
biotic factors
living factors that affect how organism interact
Niche
The position in a community in a spatial and functional sense
Competition
When two organism are fighting for the same resource
Mutualism
When the relationship helps both sides
Predation
When one animals preys on another
Commensalism
When one side is benefited and the other is unbothered
Parasitism
One side is harmed and the other is benefited
Producer
produce food
Primary consumer
eat producers and are food for other organisms - herbivores
Secondary consumers
Eat other consumers - carnivore or omnivore
Tertiary Consumers
Eat other consumers - carnivore or omnivore - highest trophic level
Herbivores
only plants
Omnivore
plants and animals
Carnivores
only meat
Role of decomposers
give nutrients back to the system
Detritus
remains of dead organism plus bacteria and fungi aiding in decay
Adaptation
changing something for survival
natural selection
the strongest and most well adapted will survive
Limiting factors influencing species distribution
Food, water, living space, disease, predation, and natural disasters
Critical factors
Factors needed for survival
Indicator Species
An organism that reacts quickly to changes in water, weather, etc.
Generalist
Can do a wide range of conditions
Ecological succession
more or less orderly process of community change
Specialists
narrow ecological niche
endemic species
A species is in a defined location and on where else
Resource partitioning
the division of limited resources by species to avoid competition
