Test 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is team composition?
A
the mix of people who make up the team
- what makes up the team determines how successful it is
2
Q
What are the 5 aspects of team composition?
A
- member roles
- member ability
- member personality
- team diversity
- team size
3
Q
What is member ability?
(one of the 5 aspects of team compensation)
A
how smart and able all the team members are in a group
- concerns disjunctive, conjunctive, and additive tasks
4
Q
What are disjunctive tasks?
(part of member ability)
A
tasks that depend on the member with the highest ability
5
Q
What are conjunctive tasks?
(part of member ability)
A
tasks that depend on the member with the lowest ability
- ex) tug of war
6
Q
What are additive tasks?
(part of member ability)
A
tasks that depend on the effort of all members
7
Q
What is member personality?
(one of the 5 aspects of team compensation)
A
there are three traits especially critical in teams
- agreeableness
- conscientiousness
- extraversion
8
Q
What are team member task roles?
(one of the 5 aspects of team compensation)
A
characteristic that determines team effectiveness
- positive for the team
9
Q
examples of task roles…
A
10
Q
initiator-contributor
(task role)
A
proposes new ideas
11
Q
coordinator
(task role)
A
tries to coordinate new ideas
12
Q
orienter
(task role)
A
determines the direction of the teams discussion
13
Q
devils advocate
(task role)
A
offers challenges to the teams status quo
14
Q
energizer
(task role)
A
motivates the team to strive to do better
15
Q
procedural technician
(task role)
A
performs routine tasks needed to keep progress moving
16
Q
What are team building roles?
A
characteristic that determines team effectiveness
- positive for the team
17
Q
examples of team building roles…
A
18
Q
encourager
(team building role)
A
praises the contributions of other team members
19
Q
harmonizer
(team building role)
A
mediates differences between group members
20
Q
compromiser
(team building role)
A
attempts to find the halfway point to end conflict
21
Q
gatekeeper-expeditor
(team building role)
A
encourages participation from teammates
22
Q
standard setter
(team building role)
A
expresses goals for the team to achieve
23
Q
follower
(team building role)
A
accepts the ideas of teammates
24
Q
What are individualistic roles?
A
detrimental to the team
- negative for the team
25
examples of individualistic roles...
26
agressor
(individualistic role)
deflates teammates, expresses disapproval with hostility
27
blocker
(individualistic role)
acts stubbornly resistant and disagrees beyond reason
28
recognition seeker
(individualistic role)
brags and callas attention to him/herself
29
self confessor
(individualistic role)
discloses personal opinions inappropriately
30
slacker
(individualistic role)
acts cynically, or nonchalantly, or goofs off
31
What is team size?
(one of the 5 aspects of team compensation)
team members tend to be the most satisfied when the number of members is 4 or 5
- larger teams are more productive for management tasks
- smaller teams are more productive for production tasks
32
What are the effects of task interdependence on performance and commitment?
- task interdependence has a moderate positive effect on team performance
- task interdependence has a weak positive relationship with team commitment
33
Team compensation
hybrid outcome interdependence - team member receive rewards based on both their individual performance and that of the team to which they belong
- it can help motivate all members of the team, especially those who are contributing most
- helps to ensure the we are aligning our goals with the way we are compensating our employees
34
What is team effectiveness?
process gains - process losses
- explains why some teams are more effective than others
35
What are process gains?
(part of team effectiveness)
getting more from the team than you would expect according to the capabilities of its individual members
- when you have an underdog team, and they win
36
What is process loss?
(part of team effectiveness)
getting less from the team than you would expect according to the capabilities of its individual members
- when you have the best team but you can't win one game
37
What are the 4 team processes?
lead us to be an effective/ineffective team, or have profits or losses
- taskwork processes
- teamwork processes
- communication
- team states
38
What are task work processes?
(part of the 4 team processes)
made up of creative behavior, decision making, and boundary spanning
- occur simultaneously with teamwork processes
39
What is creative behavior?
(part of task work processes)
finding unique solutions to problems
40
What is decision making?
(part of task work processes)
not just the types of decisions (whether or not they are effective), but the styles we use to make these decisions
41
What is boundary spanning?
(part of task work processes)
are we able to go outside of our group or team and gather information and bring it back?
42
What is teamwork processes?
made up of action processes, transition processes, and interpersonal processes
- occur simultaneously with task work processes
43
What are transition processes?
(part of teamwork processes)
the things that we do to plan for the task
- gathering information, making a plan, making a strategy
44
What are action processes?
(part of teamwork processes)
while we are doing the task, we are monitoring the progress
- we are figuring out if we are meeting the goals we are supposed to be meeting
45
What are interpersonal processes?
(part of teamwork processes)
Managing conflict and making sure everyone in the group is getting along
46
What is the process of communication?
(part of the 4 team processes)
sender
encoding
message
decoding
receiver
47
What is noise?
can disrupt the encoding and decoding processes
48
Communication is more effective when...
when communication is decentralized, especially true for complex tasks
49
Communication is less effective when...
when communication has noise
and when communicators are not competent or intelligent
50
What is centralized communication?
When the communications are revolved around one person
51
what is decentralized communication?
when everyone is heavily involved with communicating
52
What is team states?
(part of the 4 team processes)
consists of cohesion, potency, mental models, and transitive memory
53
What is cohesion?
(part of team states)
is my team getting along?
is everyone working together well?
54
What is potency?
(part of team states)
do we believe we can accomplish tasks and a number of different contexts.
- if we are a highly potent team, we believe we can accomplish the tasks, visa vera
55
What are mental models?
(part of team states)
shared memories and beliefs about how we do things in our team
56
What is transitive memory?
(part of team states)
the actual knowledge and skills and abilities on how to complete tasks
57
What are the effects of teamwork processes on team performance and commitment?
- teamwork processes have a moderate positive effect on team performance
- teamwork process have a strong positive effect on team commitment
58
What is power?
The ability to influence the behavior of others and resist unwanted influence in return
- made up of organizational and personal power
59
What is organizational power?
(type of power)
derives from a persons position within an organization
- made up of legitimate, reward, and coercive power
60
What is legitimate power?
(type of organizational power)
you ave a title or authority in the organization
61
what is reward power?
(type of organizational power)
you control valuable resources
62
what is coercive power?
(type of organizational power)
you control people with the power of punishment
63
What is personal power?
(type of power)
comes from the individual
- made up of expert and referent power
64
what is expert power?
(type of personal power)
I have expertise or knowledge that others do not
65
what is referent power?
(type of personal power)
people want to be around you because you have power and you have power because people want to be around you and associated with you
66
What is influence?
the way that you act to cause a behavioral or attitudinal change in others
67
what are the most effective influence tactics?
rational persuasion
consultation
inspirational ideas
collaboration
68
What do the most effective influence tactics lead to?
Internalization - target agrees and becomes committed to the request (behavioral and attitude change)
69
what are the least effective influence tactics?
pressure
coalitions
exchange
70
what do the least effective influence tactics lead to?
resistance - target is opposed to request and attempts to avoid doing it (no change in behavior or attitude)
71
what are the moderately effective influence tactics?
ingratiation
personal appeals
appraising
72
what do the moderately effective influence tactics lead to?
compliance - target is willing to perform request, but does so with indifference (behavioral chance only)
73
what is effective influence?
influence that changes the behaviors and the attitudes of followers who you are trying to influence
- changes the response of others
74
what are organizational politics?
what many people at work have competing goals, and will use their knowledge or power to push their own goals at the expense of others
- the extent to which you can use your political skill at work
75
what is political skill?
understanding others at work and using that knowledge to influence others in ways that enhance personal and/or organizational objectives
- can you use your knowledge of other people and your influence and power to enhance the objectives that you want to enhance?
done through networking ability, social astuteness, interpersonal influence, and apparent sincerity
76
what are the effects of power and influence on job performance organizational commitment?
power and influence have a moderate positive effect on both job performance and organizational commitment
77
what are the two types negotiation strategies?
- disruptive - win lose style with fixed pie, zero sum conditions
-- we are going to cut the oranges in half, both get half, and both get to do a little but
- integrative - win win style utilizing mutual respect and problem solving
-- often creative, we split our oranges and use what we both need as a group
78
what are negotiation biases?
- influence how successful we are in negotiations
- the extent to which we have power or our we perceive that we have power influences our negotiation strategies
-- if I have more power than my partner, I'm more likely to concede less and demand more, visa versa
79
what are the 4 stages of negotiation?
preparation - almost always the most important
exchanging information
bargaining
closing and commitment
80
what are the 5 conflict resolution styles?
competing (high assertiveness, low cooperation)
avoiding (low assertiveness, low cooperation)
accommodating (low assertiveness, high cooperation)
collaborating (high assertiveness, high cooperation)
compromising (moderate assertiveness, moderate cooperation)
- differs on two dimensions: assertiveness and cooperativeness
81
what is the leader-member exchange theory?
explains how leader membership relationships develop over time on a dyadic basis (I, as a leader, might have a different relationship with each of my followers employees)
- acknowledges that there are often in groups (better trust, respect, higher obligation) and out groups in teams (opposite)
82
what is leader effectiveness?
the degree to which the leaders actions result in
- achievement of team goals
- team member commitment
- team member trust, respect, and obligation
83
traits and characteristics that are associated with leader emergence and effectiveness
individual traits such as conscientiousness, openness to experience, and cognitive ability are more strongly correlated with leader emergence rather than leader effectiveness
84
what are the 4 leader decision making styles and what do they do?
when they are managing a team, this is the way that leaders actually make a decision and the extent to which they relinquish control to their followers
- autocratic
- consultative
- faciliative
- delegative
85
what is the autocratic leader decision making style?
leader makes the decision alone without making asking for the opinions or suggestions of employees in the work unit
** the most leader controlled
86
what is the consultative leader decision making style?
leader presents the problem to individual employees or a group of employees, asking for their opinions and suggestions before ultimately making the decision him/herself
87
what is the faciliative leader decision making style?
leader presents the problem to a group of employees and seeks consensus on a solution, making sure that his or her own opinion receives more weight than anyone else's
88
what is the delegative leader decision making style?
leader gives an individual employee or a group of employees the responsibility for making the decision
** the most follower controlled
89
what is the time driven model of leadership?
tells us which of the 4 decision making styles to use and which factors combine to make some decision making styles more effective than others
90
time driven model of leadership questions (7)
- decision significance
- importance of commitment
- leaders level of expertise
- likelihood of commitment
- shared objectives
- employee expertise
- teamwork skills
91
scientific support concerning the time driven model of leadership
these 7 questions lead to an effective decision 68% of the time, whereas not following the model only results in an effective decision 22% of the time
92
time driven model compared to leaders instinct
leaders instincts are usually wrong
- they overuse consultative styles and underutilize autocratic and faciliative
93
leadership behaviors
initiating structure - the extent to which the leader structures and defines the roles of employees for goal attainment
- telling your followers what to do
consideration - the extent to which the leaders creating job relationships characterized by mutual trust, respect, and consideration of employees feelings
- being nice to your followers
94
what are the 3 leadership styles?
transformational, laissez-faire, and transactional
95
what is transformational leadership?
- inspires followers to. commit to a shared vision that promotes meaning to their work
- establishes leaders as a role model who helps followers reach their potential
** most effective and active type of leadership
96
what is laissez-faire leadership
- hands free/hands off
- absence of action
** most passive and ineffective type of leadership
97
what is transactional leadership?
relies on rewards and punishments
- passive - when we let something get so out of hand that it rises to the surface and you have to correct it at that point
- active - monitoring employees for errors or misdeeds and punishing as you go
- contingent - you are rewarded for good deed
98
what are the 4 dimensions of transformational leadership?
("the four i's"
idealized influence
inspirational motivation
intellectual stimulation
individualized consideration
99
what is idealized influence?
behaviors earn the admiration, respect, and trust of followers, causing followers to want to emulate their leader
100
what is inspirational motivation?
behaviors foster an enthusiasm for and commitment to a shared vision
101
what is intellectual stimulation?
behaviors challenge followers to be creative and innovative
102
what is individualized consideration?
behaviors help followers achieve their potential through mentoring and 1 on 1 training
103
what are the effects of transformational leadership on task performance and job commitment?
- transformational leadership has a moderate positive effect on task performance
- transformational leadership has a strong positive effect on job commitment
